We know when we are moving up and down in an elevator because of the movement of tiny crystals in the otolith organs.
The sacculus and the utricle are the two otolith organs present in humans. These organs are responsible for sensing of gravity and also help in linear motions.
There are tiny crystals present in the otolith organs that help in linear motons or detecting when we are moving up or down. These crystals are termed as otoconia and are primarily made up of calcium carbonate.
These otoconia are responsible for detecting vertical movements and are present in the ear.
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Does someone know the answer to this question? Having difficulties on it.
Based on the diagram above which shows a model of the water cycle, letter X represents: A. the water table.
What is a water cycle?A water cycle is also referred to as hydrologic cycle and it can be defined as a biogeochemical process that is used to describe the continuous movement of water on land, in the atmosphere, and below the surface of planet Earth.
In Science, a water table is also referred to groundwater table and it simply describes the topmost portion of the underground zone on planet Earth that is usually saturated with water.
Based on scientific research and experiments, we can reasonably infer and logically deduce that the water table is represented by letter x in this diagram which shows a model of the water cycle
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Complete Question:
The diagram below shows a model of the water cycle. Letters A through F represent some processes of the water cycle. Letter X indicates the top of the underground zone that is saturated with water.
What does letter X represent?
answer choices
the water table
a flood plain
sea level
impermeable rock
True or False: Weather forecasting is an exact science? Meteorologists can pinpoint the exact location of a thunderstorm?
Answer: false
Explanation:
Though they can tell you the state and city it is hard to pinpoint the exact location. And weather normally changes closer to the day
explain what eutrophication means; describe the processes leading to eutrophication in words; determine the limiting nutrient; calculate algae production from the limiting nutrient; and discuss appropriate approaches to minimize eutrophication based on the limiting nutrient.
Eutrophication is the system by way of which an entire frame of water, or parts of it, becomes progressively enriched with minerals and nutrients.
Especially nitrogen and phosphorus. It has also been defined as a nutrient-precipitated boom in phytoplankton productiveness. Eutrophication is a herbal manner that results from the accumulation of vitamins in lakes or other bodies of water. Algae that feed on nutrients develop into the water floor, decreasing value and water intake pipes.
Nutrient enrichment happens due to runoff from agricultural fields and so on. The rapid increase of algae and different plankton resulted in an algal bloom. Dissolved oxygen depletion and toxin era. Aquatic species die because of the loss of oxygen and manufacturing.
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Select the statement which is true of plants.
O All plant organs are made of the same
tissue types: ground, vascular, and
dermal.
O All plant organs are made of the same
tissue types: ground, nervous, and
dermal.
O Most plant organs are made of the
same tissue types: ground, vascular,
and dermal.
O Very few plants have the same tissue
types. The type of tissue a plant has
depends on which organs it contains.
Plant tissue systems can be classified as either permanent (or non-meristematic) tissue or meristematic tissue. Animal stem cells are analogous to meristematic tissue in that both types of cells continue to divide undifferentiated and aid in the growth of the plant. Plant cells that are no longer actively dividing make up permanent tissue in contrast.
Cells produced by meristems rapidly differentiate, or specialize, and develop into permanent tissue. These cells adopt a defined function and stop proliferating. Dermal, vascular, and ground tissue are the three primary tissue types that discriminate between them. All three tissue types are present in each plant organ (leaves, stems, and roots):
The plant's dermal tissue covers it, provides protection, and regulates water and gas exchange.
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Answer:
I could be wrong, but I believe it's dermal vascular and ground tissue
Explanation:
Sorry if incorrect
Phospholipids are found in a limited number of foods. They consists of a glycerol backbone with two fatty acids and a compound that contains phosphate. Why are they important in food and in the body?.
Esters of glycerol, fatty acids, phosphoric acid, and other alcohols make up phospholipids.Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylserine are the four most prevalent phospholipids.
Where are phospholipids found in food?
The plasma membrane, the top layer of animal cells, is largely made up of phospholipids.They are made up of fatty acid chains joined to a glycerol backbone, just like fats.Phospholipids have two fatty acids that contribute to the formation of a diacylglycerol, as opposed to triglycerides, which have three fatty acidsPhospholipids are amphiphilic lipids consisting of a glycerol backbone or an amino-alcohol sphingosine backbone, which is esterified to one or two fatty acids, a phosphate group and a hydrophilic residue.Good sources of phospholipids include eggs, organ meats, lean meats, fish, shellfish, cereal grains, and oilseeds, particularly the choline phosphatides phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, and lysophosphatidylcholine. Glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids are two kinds of lipids that make up the significant class of membrane lipids known as phospholipids. The cell membrane is composed of phospholipids, which are created when glycerol interacts with two fatty acids and a phosphate group.One phosphorus atom and four oxygen atoms combine to generate the complex ions known as phosphotes.Another form of lipid that does not contain glycerol is steroids. A phospholipid is a molecule made composed of a glycerol backbone, two fatty acids, and a modified phosphate group.The phosphate can change by having polar or charged chemical groups added to it. These hydrophilic and hydrophobic characteristics of phospholipids lead them to group into two layers when cellular membranes are formed.Because they are hydrophobic, the phosphate tails in between the layers of heads avoid contact with the water while the heads in each layer face the aqueous or watery environment on either side. The vital phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA), which degrade quickly after cell death and act as a marker to distinguish between living and dead organisms, are part of the cell membrane of microorganisms.To learn more about Phospholipids refer
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Do plants remove CO₂ from the atmosphere, or
add it back into the atmosphere?
Answer: remove CO2
Explanation:
plants take in CO2 and then convert that into oxygen which they release, so basically they convert CO2 into oxygen, not the other way around. hope this helps :)
Answer:
they add it back into the atmosphere
Explanation:
plants store back the co2 removed from the atmosphere
Summarize how the nervous system interacts with at least 3 other systems in the body.
The nervous system interacts with other systems of the body as follows:
digestive system - the nervous system initiates the sensation of hunger in the body by coordinating the contraction of the smooth musclesmusculoskeletal system - the nervous system controls the contraction and relaxation of the smooth musclesrespiratory system - the nervous system controls the respiratory system by increasing or decreasing the respiratory depending on the concentration of oxygen or carbon dioxide in the body.What is the nervous system?The nervous system is the system that controls the activities of all other systems of the body.
The nervous system consists of two parts;
the central nervous system - made up of the brain and the spinal cordthe peripheral nervous system - consists of the sensory neuron and motor neurons as well the smooth muscles and the skeletal muscles.Impulse from outside or within the body is first sent to the central nervous system which interprets and sends out messages to the other body system to respond.
The central nervous system integrates ad coordinates the activities of the other body systems such as the respiratory system, the digestive system, the musculoskeletal system, the excretory system, etc.
Signals are sent to these systems from the central nervous system resulting in the action of these systems, for example, rapid breathing, bowel movement, etc.
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what is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? (give 5 differences)
Answer:
Prokaryotes are always unicellular, while eukaryotes are often multi-celled organisms
eukaryotic cells are more than 100 to 10,000 times larger than prokaryotic cells
eukaryotic cells are more complex than prokaryotic cells
The DNA in eukaryotes is stored within the nucleus, while DNA is stored in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes
A Prokaryotic cell is surrounded by a single membrane layer but In the case of Eukaryotic, there are two surroundings 1. Plasma membrane 2. Nuclear membrane.
Explanation:
What inference is best supported by the data in the graph?
Answer:
not enough info
Explanation:
Plants in grasslands would not benefit from adaptations that protect against grazing. please select the best answer from the choices provided t f
Generally speaking, grasslands are lands where the predominant plant cover is grasses. In general, savannas are grasslands with sporadic trees. Grasslands and savannas make up around 5% of the surface of the Earth.
Adaptations that defend against grazing would not be advantageous for plants in grasslands. FALSE.
Which of the following traits would a savanna plant have?Vegetable Adaptations
Most savanna tree adaptations are to dryness, including long tap roots to reach deep water tables, strong bark to resist annual fires (thus the prevalence of palms in many locations), deciduousness to prevent moisture loss during the dry season, and use of the trunk as a water-storage organ (as in baobab).
But there are also naturally occurring trees in non-forested places like grasslands and savannas. The trees can be found in dense lots or in random places. This implies that many of these places will have more than 10% tree cover and seem to be degraded forests when seen from above.
In grasslands, the predominant plant species are grasses; however, sedge and rush families can also be present, along with varying amounts of various herbs and legumes like clover. Except for Antarctica, all continents have natural grasslands. The majority of Earth's ecoregions contain grasslands.
The grassland ecology benefits from the natural occurrence of fire since it keeps it strong and healthy. It increases the soil's temperature and lessens the annual buildup of leaf litter, allowing sunshine to enter.
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In eukaryotes, the components of citric acid cycling and the electron transport chain are located in the ____.
Answer:
Mitochondria :)
Explanation:
For which type of lesion would a bandage be most important in order to keep bacteria and other pathogens from entering the body?.
The type of lesion in which a bandage would be most important in order to keep bacteria and other pathogens from entering the body is an ulcer.
What is ulcer tissue damage?The expression ulcer tissue damage makes reference to open tissue associated with a painful sore. One of the most common types of ulcer is stomach ulcer, which is very harmful to the organism due to the release of acid gastric juices.
Generally, ulcers are caused by infections such as bacterial infections that are able to cause serious damage to the tissues and thus lead to painful sores in different organs of the body such as the stomach.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that ulcer tissue damage may be caused by different infections including bacterial infections and lead to painful sores that need to be cured by a bandage and or alternative procedures.
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How do i find out the percentages?
Answer:
Explanation:
The following formula is a common strategy to calculate a percentage:
1- Determine the total amount of what you want to find a percentage.
2- Divide the number to determine the percentage.
3- Multiply the value by 100.
Set up a punnett square using the following information: ·
Dominant allele for black fur in guinea pigs = B
Recessive allele for white fur in guinea pigs =b
Dominant allele for rough fur in guinea pigs = R
Recessive allele for smooth fur in guinea pigs = r
Cross a heterozygous parent (BbRr) with a heterozygous parent (BbRr) and provide the phenotypic ratio for the offspring for the F1 generation.
(6 points)
Phenotypic Ratio:
The Punnett square can be used to determine allele combinations and the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios resulting from a cross. Assuming two independent diallelic genes, the phenotypic ratio is 9:3:3:1.
What is a punnett square?The Punnett square is a graphic representation that shows the different types of gamete combinations according to the alleles involved in a cross.
Punnett square shows the probabilities of getting offspring with different genotypes and their consequent phenotypes.
For this example, we will assume complete dominance and independent dialellic genes.
Cross: heterozygous parent with a heterozygous parent
Parentals) BbRr x BbRr
Gametes) BR, Br, bR, br BR, Br, bR, br
Punnett Square) BR Br bR br
BR BBRR BBRr BbRR BbRr
Br BBRr BBrr BbRr Bbrr
bR BbRR BbRr bbRR bbRr
br BbRr Bbrr bbRr bbrr
F1) Phenotypic ratio 9:3:3:1
9/16 B-R-3/16 bbR-3/16 B-rr1/16 bbrrYou can learn more about Punnett squares at
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What happens during radioactive decay?
answer: Parent isotopes turn into daughter isotopes
Answer: I hope this helps. Let know if this right or wrong. Have a good day
Explanation:
When radioactive atoms decay, they release energy in the form of ionizing radiation (alpha particles, beta particles and/or gamma rays). The energy is called ionizing radiation because it has enough energy to knock tightly bound electrons from an atom's orbit. This causes the atom to become a charged ion.During radioactive decay, an unstable nucleus emits subatomic particles to attain stability. It may undergo transmutation to change to some other nucleus or may achieve a stable state by giving off energy in the form of photons. Radioactive decaya radioactive process in which a nucleus undergoes spontaneous transformation into one or more different nuclei and simultaneously emits radiation, loses electrons, or undergoes fission.
20POINTS FOR THE ANSWER
Many people are interested in organic foods as a healthier alternative to conventional foods. However, they often wish that organic foods were cheaper and more readily available. Research the political, social, and environmental consequences of organic agriculture. Is organic agriculture sustainable? In your response, be sure to include the environmental impacts of both traditional and organic agriculture.
Organic food prices include environmental enhancement and protection, as well as food production costs (and avoidance of future expenses to mitigate pollution). Therefore, they are expensive.
What is organic farming?A kind of farming that relies on biologically based methods for the management of pests, biological fertilizers made primarily from the byproducts of animals and plants, and cover crops that are able to fix nitrogen is organic farming.
Organic farming reduces the chance of polluting the environment and helps cut down on greenhouse gas emissions by limiting the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides made from fossil fuels.Organic farming is resource-efficient, environmentally friendly, and sustainable, helping preserve species diversity and biodiversity.
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a mutant allele is found to have a mutation in the -35 element of the promoter region. the mutation makes the -35 element more similar to the -35 consensus sequence. which term best describes this allele? group of answer choices
A mutant allele causing mutation in the -35 element of the promoter region and the mutation making the -35 element more similar to the -35-consensus sequence is termed hypermorphic.
Hypermorphic (genetics, of a mutation) causes an increase in otherwise normal gene function.
Hypermorphic alleles are pick up of work alleles. A hypermorph can result from an increment in quality measurements (a quality duplication), from expanded mRNA or protein expression, or from constitutive protein action.
The phenotype of a hypermorph is compounded by expanding the wildtype quality dosage and is decreased by bringing down the wildtype quality dose.
A change that decreases but doesn't kill a gene’s usefulness is hypomorphic. A more extreme condition, amorphic transformation, disposes of the gene’s work.
A hypomorph could be a diminishment in quality work through decreased (protein, RNA) expression or diminished useful execution, but not a total misfortune. The phenotype of a hypomorph is more serious in trans to an erasure allele than when homozygous.
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Forms when ice crystals reach the earth’s surface without passing through a liquid phase
Snow. Snow forms when ice crystals reach the earth’s surface without passing through a liquid phase.
Snow is a type of precipitation that occurs when water vapor in the atmosphere freezes into ice crystals. The shape and size of the snowflakes depend on the temperature and humidity of the air.
Snow can fall as light flakes, heavy flakes, or pellets. Snow can accumulate on the ground and form snowpacks, drifts, or avalanches. Snow can also melt and refreeze into ice or slush.
Some examples of snow-related topics are:
Snowflakes: the individual ice crystals that form snow. Snowflakes have a hexagonal symmetry and a variety of patterns. No two snowflakes are exactly alike.
Snowstorms: weather events that produce a large amount of snow in a short period of time. Snowstorms can cause low visibility, strong winds, and cold temperatures. Snowstorms can also create hazards such as power outages, traffic accidents, and frostbite. Some types of snowstorms are blizzards, nor'easters, and lake-effect snow.
the thymus is located in the , anterior to the aortic arch. the is very large in a child and will atrophy in advanced age. the is the largest of the lymphatic organs. a of connective tissue surrounds the spleen. the tiny islands (nodules) of tissue within the spleen that contain many lymphocytes constitute the pulp. the pulp of the spleen contains large numbers of red blood cells, lymphocytes, and macrophages. within the spleen engulf and destroy foreign particles and cellular debris. the lymphoid organs in the pharynx (throat) that are possible infection sites are collectively called the .
(1)mediastinum (2)thymus (3)spleen (4)capsule (5)white (6)red (7)macrophages (8)tonsils.
What are examples of connective tissue?The more specialized and recognized variations—bone, ligaments, tendons, cartilage, and adipose (fat) tissue—as well as a variety of fibrous tissue types that differ only in density and cellularity are included in the connective tissues.
Where in the body is connective tissue found?The walls of big blood arteries, elastic cartilages, yellow ligaments, the lungs, and the skin are where they are most commonly found. Different forms of connective tissue are produced by variations in the layouts and combinations of cells and protein fibers. Connective tissues store fat, move substances, ward off sickness, and assist in tissue healing in addition to binding structures together and supporting the body as a whole as well as the organs and individual organs. They are everywhere on the body.
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The complete question is -
(1)The thymus is located in the ____________, anterior to the aortic arch
(2)The _________ is very large in a child and will atrophy in advanced age
(3)The _________ is the largest of the lymphatic organs
(4)A _________ of connective tissue surrounds the spleen
(5)The tiny islands (nodules) of tissue within the spleen that contain many lymphocytes constitute the ______ pulp.
(6)the _________ pulp of the spleen contains large numbers of red blood cells, lymphocytes, and macrophages
(7)___________ within the spleen engulf and destroy foreign particles and cellular debris.
(8)The lymphoid organs in the pharynx (throat) that are possible infection sites are collectively called _________
In glycolysis, a glucose molecule is split into two molecules of ______, and energy is harvested as atp and nadh.
In glycolysis, a glucose molecule is split into two molecules of pyruvate and energy is harvested as ATP and NADH.
Glycolysis is the process that can be characterized as the first stage of cellular respiration followed by the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain.
Cellular respiration is the process that occurs in the cells of the body to release energy from glucose derived from food molecules.
In the process of glycolysis, the glucose molecule is broken down into two pyruvate molecules by a series of complex processes. ATP and NADH is released in the process of glycolysis.
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a chain of repeating monomers to make a larger molecule
A chain of repeating monomers to make a larger molecule is called a Polymer.
Monomer-based compounds that combine to form polymers.
Large molecules known as polymers are constructed from single, comparable repeating components (monomers).
A polymer is made up of numerous monomers because the prefix poly- signifies "many" or "multi-."
Any of a group of organic or synthetic compounds known as polymers are made up of macromolecules, or very large molecules, which are just multiples of simpler chemical building blocks known as monomers. Numerous natural and man-made materials, as well as a large portion of the components in living things, are composed of polymers.
A polymer is created when many monomers are linked together. Polymers can be compared to a chain of interconnected paperclips in several ways. A polymer is a big molecule consisting of monomers, which are littler molecules bonded together.
Plastic is a subset of polymer since all plastics are polymers but not all polymers are plastic. Plastics are long-chain molecules created by large monomers while polymers are homogenous molecules created by small monomers. Plastics are manmade materials yet polymers can also be natural.
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s-oleone is structurally almost identical to a-oleone. when s-oleone is combined with the enzyme that normally breaks down a-oleone no products are formed, and the enzyme is no longer able to accept a-oleone. this suggests that
The enzyme then lets the product go after it has been created. Now that it has more reactants available, the enzyme is prepared to catalyze yet another reaction.
What is -oleone?An enzyme can be employed for other reactions after it has catalyzed a reaction and been released from its binding to a substrate.
The three phases of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction are: enzyme-substrate binding, "catalysis," and product release. They enable chemical processes to take place quickly enough to support life. Because they reduce the energy of activation—the energy required to make molecules react with one another—enzymes hasten the rate of chemical reactions. A substrate is anything that an enzyme typically reacts with.
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triangle A'B'C Is the image of triangle ABC under a translation. Determine the translation, Use non-negative numbers.
The translation of the triangle ABC is given with a movement of 8 units to the left and 5 units up.
What is the translation of a figure?The translation of a figure is a term that refers to the action of moving a figure in the Cartesian plane. This movement allows the figure to maintain its original dimensions but its points have other coordinates in the Cartesian plane. In this case, figure ABC has the following coordinates:
A = (3,-4)B = (5,-2)C = (6,-6)After the translation, the figure A'B'C' is formed with the following coordinates:
A' = (-5.1)B' = (-3.3)C' = (-2,-1)How to identify how many units the figure moved?To identify the units and the direction in which the figure moved, we can take any of the points that make up the figure as a reference. For example point A, from there we count how many units to the right or left the A' is located. Later, we do the same but on the other axis, that is, how many units did it move up or down. According to the above, the figure's movement was 8 units to the left and 5 units up.
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How is an inference different from a hypothesis?
A. An inference can be made only using direct observation, while a
hypothesis can use predictions and reasoning.
B. An inference is based on scientific evidence, while a hypothesis is
based on an untestable guess.
C. An inference uses reasoning to explain what happened, while a
hypothesis uses reasoning to predict what may happen in the
future.
D. An inference is made before an investigation begins, while a
hypothesis is made after the evidence is collected.
A is the correct answer because you can inference things by just looking at them, while a hypothesis usually has to do with research and reasoning.
Answer:
c
Explanation: got it in aipex
If anyone understands please help
The eukaryotic organelles are surrounded in lipid bilayer membranes = True
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum makes protein made of amino acid= false
Just like prokaryotes, the DNA in eukaryotes can be found in the cytoplasm's nucleiod region = True.
The rough Endoplasmic reticulum looks rough because it has ribosomes embedded through its bilayer. = True.
Eukaryotic cells are the only kind of cell that has a nucleus. = True.
What is a cell?A cell is defined as the structural and functional unit of an organism that are made up of organelles such are the following:
Ribosomes: this is the site for protein synthesis in a cell.Mitochondria,Smooth endoplasmic reticulum,Rough endoplasmic reticulum ( appears rough due to the attachment of ribosomes), andNucleus( hereditary material of the cell such as Deoxyribonucleic acid is located at the nucleus of the cell.These organelles listed above are surrounded by lipid bilayers membrane similar to the cell membrane that houses the whole cell.
There are basically two types of cells namely:
Eukaryotes: They are the type of cells that has nucleus at the center of the cell.Prokaryotes: They are the type of cells that has no nucleus.Therefore, the ribosome and not the smooth endoplasmic reticulum makes protein made of amino acid.
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when a true-breeding red flower is crossed with a white flower, and all the f1 flowers are pink, this is due to epistasis. codominance. crossing over. incomplete dominance. a mutation.
The correct answer is option C i.e. incomplete dominance
when a true-breeding red flower is crossed with a white flower, and all the f1 flowers are pink, this is due to incomplete dominance.
In a cross between true-breeding red flower RR and white flower rr in F1 generation, we get pink colored flower Rr. This type of inheritance is called incomplete dominance as neither of them is completely dominant over each other.
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Researchers observe that an amoeba appears incapable of forming pseudopods for movement. They conclude that its immobility may be caused by the absence of the protein?.
Immobility of amoeba, may be caused by the absence of actin.
The pseudopodial movement is typically used by the Amoeba to move in the direction of food molecules. The pseudopodia surrounds the food molecule from both sides before eventually swallowing it whole. As a result, pseudopodia are utilized in movement and as a method for capturing prey or obtaining the necessary nutrients.
Because actin is the primary protein, actin polymers push their membrane as they grow, resulting in the formation of the pseudopod. The pseudopodium then uses its adhesion proteins (integrins, for example) to stick to a surface and pull the cell's body forward by contracting an actin-myosin complex in the pseudopod.
Researchers observe that an amoeba appears incapable of forming pseudopods for movement. They conclude that its immobility may be caused by the absence of the protein
a. collagen
b. kinesin
c. tubulin
d. dynein
e. actin
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Select the correct responses to the questions from the drop-down menus.
Which wind belt occurs at about 5 degrees north and south of the equator?
Which wind belt starts at the horse latitudes and moves toward the poles?
Which winds are found primarily in the tropics?
The wind belt that has been occurs at about about 5 degrees north and south of the equator is known as doldrums.
The wind belt that has been starts at the horse latitudes and moves toward the poles is the prevailing westerlies.
The winds that has been found primarily in the tropics are trade winds.
Doldrums refer to the equitorial region of the Atlantic Ocean that has storms and unpredictable winds.
What is north pole and south pole?
The north pole has been known as the northernmost point which has been presented on earth, and on the other hand south pole has been known as the southernmost part or the point of the earth. The area present in between south pole and north pole has been said that it is extremely cold and the area present near the equator is extremely hot.
Therefore, The wind belt that has been occurs at about about 5 degrees north and south of the equator is known as doldrums.
The wind belt that has been starts at the horse latitudes and moves toward the poles is the prevailing westerlies.
The winds that has been found primarily in the tropics are trade winds.
Doldrums refer to the equitorial region of the Atlantic Ocean that has storms and unpredictable winds.
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Answer:
this the answer
Explanation:
Select the correct order of the final three stages in the lytic cycle:
The correct order of the final three stages in the lytic cycle is Assembly > Transduction > Release
What is a lytic cycle ?One of the two viral reproduction cycles, the other being the lysogenic cycle, is the lytic cycle. The infected cell and its membrane are destroyed as a result of the lytic cycle. Violent phages are bacteriophages that exclusively use the lytic cycle.
The lytic cycle contains four steps: infecting a host (a process known as exposure), transferring genetic information into a cell, exploiting the cell's metabolic processes to produce more viruses, and ultimately weakening the cell walls until the host cell lyses, or bursts open due to excessive internal pressure.Learn more about Lytic cycle here:
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where would you most likely find an integral membrane protein? on the outside surface of the cell membrane spanning the cell membrane, with parts of the protein visible from both the inside and the outside of the cell on the inside surface of the cell membrane floating freely in the cytoplasm
Integral membrane proteins are embedded in the bilayer cell membrane that surrounds the cell and organelles playing critical roles in the movement of molecules across them and helping in the transduction of energy and signals.
They can either penetrate the cell membrane (transmembrane) or associate with one or the other side of the membrane (Integral mono trophic). Peripheral proteins are transiently associated with the cell membrane.
Integral membrane protein that does not span the membrane also has a hydrophobic helical domain that anchors them in the membrane while their hydrophilic domain typically interacts with the intra and extracellular molecules.
For example; hold cells in place, and give cells and tissue their structure.
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