Synaptic integration is the process by which multiple synaptic potentials combine within one postsynaptic neuron. It is a mechanism through which neural information is processed and transmitted.
In the process of synaptic integration, the postsynaptic neuron receives inputs from multiple presynaptic neurons. These inputs are in the form of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs). EPSPs are positive potentials that tend to depolarize the postsynaptic neuron, while IPSPs are negative potentials that tend to hyperpolarize it.
The postsynaptic neuron then combines these inputs, by adding together all EPSPs and IPSPs generated by different presynaptic neurons. The resulting synaptic potentials are then used to determine whether the postsynaptic neuron will fire an action potential or not. Synaptic integration is an essential process in the neural communication and it helps to transmit the complex information between neurons.
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What 3 animals eat both producers and consumers?
more young americans are dying, but not from vaccines.T/F
It's true that more American teenagers are passing away, but not because of immunizations.
The CDC advises against administering this vaccine to anyone who has a severe allergy (such as anaphylaxis) to any of the chemicals in the mRNA vaccine. People with sensitivities to specific foods, insects, latex, and other common allergens can receive the COVID-19 immunization without risk, according to the CDC. But after 30 years of work, there is still no AIDS vaccine.
There is no single influenza vaccine. There are no vaccines that offer long-lasting defense against tuberculosis or malaria. None for liver flukes, elephantiasis, hookworm, or Chagas disease. The main causes of death among teenagers are injuries (especially those from car accidents and drowning), violence, self-harm, infectious diseases such respiratory infections, and maternal disorders (complications from pregnancy).
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which statement is true about gene and dna?
proteins code for the genes that determines an organisms physical traits
An organisms inherited physical traits code for its genes
Genes code for proteins that determine an organisms physical traits
Physical traits code for the proteins that determine an organisms genes
Answer: With respect to genetic information, it is true that a gene is a section of DNA and is found on a chromosome in the cell's nucleus.
Explanation:
The separation of homologous chromosomes occurs in A. ANAPHASE 1 B. PROPHASE 1 C. ANAPHASE 2 D.PROPHASE 2 E.METAPHASE 1
The separation of homologous chromosomes occurs in Anaphase 1 and Anaphase 2. Here options A and C are the correct answer.
During the process of cell division, the chromosomes in a cell replicate, and then the cell divides into two daughter cells, each with a complete set of chromosomes. The process of cell division is divided into two main stages: meiosis and mitosis.
In mitosis, the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell, and then the homologous chromosomes are pulled apart by the spindle fibers and each daughter cell receives one complete set of chromosomes. This process of separation of homologous chromosomes occurs in Anaphase 1.
In meiosis, the process is a bit different, the cell undergoes two rounds of cell division, Meiosis I, and Meiosis II. In Meiosis I, the homologous chromosomes separate and go to different daughter cells, this process of separation of homologous chromosomes occurs in Anaphase 1.
In Meiosis II, the sister chromatids separate and go to different daughter cells, this process of separation of sister chromatids occurs in Anaphase 2.
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The separation of homologous chromosomes occurs during Anaphase I.
It states that Anaphase I is the stage where homologous chromosomes separate and migrate towards opposite poles of the cell, it is the stage where the chromosomes are separated from one another and are pulled to opposite ends of the cell. This is also supported where it states that during Anaphase I, homologous chromosomes separate and migrate towards opposite poles.
It confirms that during anaphase 1, the chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles. So it's Anaphase 1 where the separation of homologous chromosomes occurs.
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Read the article and use the information to answer the question that follows.
Forensic DNA
How can DNA be used to help solve a crime?
Because a sample of a person's DNA can be compared to the evidence gathered from a crime scene, DNA can be used to solve a crime.
What is Person's DNA?A molecule found within an organism's cells stores the genetic information that controls its growth and function. DNA molecules allow for the transmission of this information from one generation to the next.
When compared to our DNA, no two humans are identical to each other in 99.9%. Similarly to this, there are very few genetic differences between different human groups.
DNA also referred to as deoxyribonucleic acid, is the genetic material that can be found in humans and almost all other organisms. Nuclear DNA is the most common type of DNA, and it is found in the cell nucleus. On the other hand, mitochondria also have a small amount of DNA in them.
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growing arctic ice sheets is an example of-
A) correlational effect
B) positive feedback
C) negative feedback
D) causal effect
a community group need advice on choosing rock for a city monument that will last a long time. Explain the factors that would likely affect how long the monument would last
The composition of the rocks would determine the rock that would be chosen.
How would they know the what rock to choose?We need to know that one of the effects that would easily show on the rock would be the leaching of the acid rain on the minerals that compose the rock. We would in that case have to look for a rock that would contain the minerals that do not leach so easily.
Hence, the prime consideration as we are looking at the kind of rock that we would need to pick for the monument is the kind of materials that compose the rock.
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A student wants to develop an explanation of the role cellular respiration and photosynthesis play in the cycling of matter. Answering which of the following questions would MOST help the student develop an explanation?
Type of selection seen in dogs and other domestic animals is called?
The type of selection seen in dogs and other domestic animals is called artificial selection.
Artificial selection is a kind of selection wherein people effectively breed animals for specific wanted traits.
Dogs are a perfect representation of artificial selection. For more than millennia, people have specifically reproduced dogs for explicit attributes like size, shape, and conduct.
Domestic animals like dairy cattle, sheep, pigs, and chickens have additionally been dependent upon artificial selection. For instance, dairy cows have been specifically reared for high milk creation.
Artificial selection has considered the improvement of a wide assortment of domestic animals that are appropriate for various purposes, however, it likewise has a drawback, as it can prompt hereditary issues and inbreeding.
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The type of selection seen in dogs and other domestic animals is called artificial selection.
This is a process of deliberately selecting animals or plants for particular traits and then breeding them in order to produce offspring with the desired characteristics.
Artificial selection is a process of creating a population of organisms with desired traits by selectively breeding those that have the desired characteristics. It is a form of selective breeding where humans breed animals and plants for particular traits, such as size, shape, coat color, behavior, and other characteristics.
This process is usually done to develop new varieties of plants and animals that are more suitable for human use.
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Earth is approximately 4.6 billion years old. How do scientists determine this?
A by measuring the age of the oldest glaciers
B by using radiometric dating techniques on meteorites
C by measuring the age of the oldest fossils
D by
determining the chemical composition of sea-floor sediments
Answer:
d
Explanation:
A scientist is studying rock formations. She notices some unusual rocks like those pictured here. What can she conclude about this area?
It was part of a slow underwater eruption.
It was formed at a subduction zone.
It is moving toward a mid-ocean ridge.
It is a very young piece of land.
A scientist is studying rock formations. She notices some unusual rocks like those pictured here therefore what she can conclude about this area is that It was part of a slow underwater eruption. which is therefore denoted as option A.
What is Slow underwater eruption?These are the characteristic of the rift zones where crustal plates are being formed by hydrothermal vents which are often associated with undersea volcanoes.
The vents are created and sustained by the heat of volcanic activity at tectonic plate boundaries, found throughout the earth and is therefore the reason why option A was chosen in this context.
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Which of the following is a carefully worded statement of the exact procedures used in research study?
O dependent variable
O control group
O random sample
O independent variable
O operational definition
Answer:
operation definition
Explanation:
An operational definition is a carefully worded statement of the exact procedures used in a research study. It describes how a variable or concept is operationalized and measured in the study. An operational definition provides clear and specific instructions for how the variable or concept will be operationalized and measured so that other researchers can replicate the study. The other options you provided are important elements of a research study, but they do not provide specific information on the procedures used to operationalize and measure a variable or concept.
Find out how your local authority manages the solid waste generated in your neighborhood.
a) Are these measures adequate?
b) If not, what improvements would you suggest?
c) What could your family do to reduce the amount of solid waste generated during a day?
Answer:
No the measures taken by my local authority is not adequate. I would like to suggest an improvement of using new cleaning trucks and making better sewage cannal system throughout my town.
As a family we can produce less solid wastage and keep the recyclable and non recyclable wastes separately for safe decomposition.
extreme rarity' can be described as: group of answer choices restricted range, narrow habitat tolerances, and small local populations restricted range, broad habitat tolerances, and large local populations extensive range, narrow habitat tolerances, and large local populations restricted range, broad habitat tolerances, and small local populations extensive range, broad habitat tolerances, and small local populations
The correct option is A; Restricted range, narrow habitat tolerances, and small local populations ,
Net reproductive rate (r) is computed as r = (births-deaths)/population size, or simply multiply by 100. Because the population is so much larger, many more people are added.
The second type. A Type II survivorship curve can be found in many bird species. Organisms die more or less evenly at each age interval in a Type II curve. Organisms with this type of survivorship curve may also have a small number of offspring and require a lot of parental care.
A habitat is the broad location in which an organism lives, whereas a niche is the set of physical and biological conditions in which a species lives, as well as the means by which the species obtains what it requires to survive and reproduce.
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a flower is yellow and has long, dark lines running from the tip of a petal to the base, near the pistil attachment. what type of pollination might this plant use?
If a particular flower is yellow in color and has a long, dark lines which running from the tip of a petal to the base, near the pistil attachment, then the preferred mode of pollination for this plant should be animal-based called zoophily.
Zoophily, which is also known as zoogamy, is basically a form of pollination in which the pollen is basically transferred by animals, by either invertebrates or vertebrates, which is in most cases birds and bats, but also by other animals.
Animals and insects get attracted to flowers which are bright in color, have patterns and contain nectar. The given plant has a yellow color with black lines running in the petals. The flower will be able to attract insects like bees and butterflies which will help it in pollination.
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an aerobic bacterium that requires oxygen at a concentration less than that in the atmosphere is called a(n)
Answer:
bacteriostasis
Explanation:
Evaluate: The Great Grand Canyon CER Rubric
Has the Grand Canyon changed over long periods of geologic time?
Use the following terms in your evidence and reasoning for your
claim.
fossil
superposition
erosion
relative dating
radioactive dating
The canyon's oldest exposed rocks are 1,840 million years old. The canyon, on the other hand, is geologically new, having been carved during the previous 6 million years.
How have the Grand Canyon's rocks altered over the last million years?Under high heat and pressure, these rocks turned into the dark-colored "basement" rocks observed towards the canyon's bottom today, including 1.84 billion-year-old Elves Chasm gneiss, the canyon's oldest known.
Finally, the Colorado River began to cut its way downhill just 5-6 million years ago. The canyon widened as a result of further erosion by tributary streams. These natural processes are still at work, gradually deepening and broadening the Grand Canyon.
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A scientist obtained a mass of 0. 0062 nanograms of DNA from a diploid human cell.
Calculate the mass of DNA the scientist should obtain from a haploid human cell.
Give your answer in pictograms.
(1 nanogram = 1000 pictograms)
the mass of DNA the scientist should obtain from a haploid human cell is about 3 picogram.
One pair of chromosomes is inherited from each parent, therefore a diploid human cell has two sets of chromosomes and two copies of each gene (2n). Given that haploid human cells only have one set of chromosomes and one copy of each gene (n).
We must divide the mass obtained from a diploid human cell by two in order to determine the mass of DNA that a researcher should be able to extract from a haploid human cell.
0.0062 ng / 2 = 0.0031 ng
Pictograms can be created by multiplying nanograms by 1000.
1000 × 0.0031 ng = 3.1 pictograms
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The scientist should be able to extract about 3 picograms of DNA from a haploid human cell.
Because each parent inherits one pair of chromosomes, a diploid human cell has two sets of chromosomes and two copies of each gene (2n). Because haploid human cells have only one set of chromosomes and one copy of each gene (n).
To determine the mass of DNA that a researcher should be able to extract from a haploid human cell, we must divide the mass obtained from a diploid human cell by two.
0.0062 ng / 2 = 0.0031 ng
Pictograms can be made by multiplying nanograms by 1000, resulting in 1000 0.0031 ng = 3.1 pictograms.
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what is....
______ unicellular, prokaryotic, bacteria, blue-green algae, spirochetes
______ unicellular, prokaryotic, halophiles, thermophiles
______ unicellular/multicellular, eukaryotic, dinoflagellates, golden, brown and yellow-green algae, diatoms, amoeba
______ multicellular, eukaryotic, all plants
______ unicellular/multicellular, eukaryotic, molds, yeasts, mushrooms
______ multicellular, eukaryotic, all animals
Word bank:
alumalae
bacteria
planetaria
protista
plantae
archaea
somalia
animalia
fungi
What is bacteria unicellular, prokaryotic, bacteria, blue-green algae, spirochetes archaea unicellular, prokaryotic, halophiles, thermophiles
protista unicellular/multicellular, eukaryotic, dinoflagellates, golden, brown and yellow-green algae, diatoms, amoeba plantae multicellular, eukaryotic, all plants fungi unicellular/multicellular, eukaryotic, molds, yeasts, mushrooms animalia multicellular, eukaryotic, all animals.
What is bacteria?This refers to a large group of single-cell microorganisms. They can cause infections and diseases in animals and humans.
What is protista?
This refers to simple eukaryotic organisms that are neither plants nor animals or fungi. Protists are unicellular (one cell) in nature but can also be found as a colony of cells. Most protists can be found in water, damp terrestrial environments, or even as parasites.
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what is the net charge of a glycine molecule in human blood at ph 7.4, given an amino group of glycine has a pka
The net charge of a glycine molecule in the human blood at pH = 7.4 is equal to zero (0).
Glycine is one of the amino acids which are present in our body and consists of a single hydrogen (H) atom as its side chain. It is the simplest amino acid.
At a pH lesser then 2 both the oxygen and the nitrogen will be protonated, so the charge on glycine will be +1. Above the pH 9, both oxygen and nitrogen will be deprotonated to give a net charge of -1 .
At pH value between 3 and 9 the oxygen on the molecule will be deprotonated but the nitrogen will still be protonated to give it a neutral charge or we can say the net charge is 0. Therefore, at pH = 7.4 the net charge on glycine will be zero.
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The net charge of a glycine particle in the human blood at pH = 7.4 is equivalent to nothing (0).
Glycine is one of the amino acids which are available in our body and comprises a solitary hydrogen (H) particle as its side chain. It is the most straightforward amino corrosive.
At a pH lesser than 2 both the oxygen and the nitrogen will be protonated, so the charge on glycine will be +1. Over pH 9, the two oxygen and nitrogen will be deprotonated to give a net charge of - 1.
At pH esteem somewhere in the range of 3 and 9 the oxygen on the particle will be deprotonated however the nitrogen will, in any case, be protonated to give it a nonpartisan charge or we can say the net charge is 0. In this manner, at pH = 7.4, the net charge on glycine will be zero.
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g in an in vitro polymerization reaction of f-actin from its g-actin subunits, there is a lag phase (rate-limiting stage). what happens during this lag phase? a: f-actin is nucleated b: f-actin reaches a steady state c: f-actin exchanges nucleotides d: f-actin hydrolyzes atp e: f-actin undergoes treadmilling
There is a lag phase in the in vitro polymerization of F-actin from its G-actin subunits. F-actin nucleates during this lag phase.
G-actin or globular actin is the globular and monomer form of actin that forms the actin filament. F-actin or fibrous actin is the fibrous actin and a linear polymer that forms the contractile apparatus and cytoskeleton apparatus of the muscle cells.
Actin nucleation is the first stage in the development of an actin filament. Polarized filaments, or F-actin, are created by the assembly of actin monomers, or G-actin. This filament will have a pointed end that grows more slowly and a barbed end that grows quickly. Therefore, at this stage, a complex of three actin monomers, or an actin nucleus, is formed, from which an actin filament extends. Therefore, the time needed by the actin for nucleation is the lag phase. Here, option a is the correct statement.
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1. SELECT ONE NATURAL HAZARD IN THE PICTURE AND SUGGEST WAYS ON HOW PEOPLE MUST BE PREPARED TO FACE THE HAZARD IN TERMS OF THE DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES GIVEN BELOW
CHOSEN HAZARD: VOLCANIC ERUPTION
Pa help po pls... I really need help po. I'll mark brainliest po who answered po.
Example: Earthquake
Answer:
During a volcanic eruption people should make sure they are prepared within their home with supplies, but also should turn off any heating or cooling within the house. Make sure all windows and doors are closed and locked. Goggles can protect your eyes from the heat and ash, try not to breath in said ash, a mask could help along with long sleeve clothes. Make sure vehicles are off to prevent them from blowing up. Seek shelter and avoid low areas.
hormones are classified into two categories based on their chemical composition, hormones and hormones.
Hormones are classified into two categories based on their chemical composition: steroid hormones and non-steroid hormones.
Steroid hormones are a class of hormones that are derived from cholesterol. These hormones include testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone and are produced by the gonads (testes and ovaries) and the adrenal glands. Steroid hormones are lipid-soluble, which means they can easily diffuse through cell membranes. They bind to intracellular receptors, which are found inside the cells, and then can travel into the nucleus of the cell to influence gene expression.
Non-steroid hormones are a class of hormones that are not derived from cholesterol. These hormones include thyroid hormones, insulin, and growth hormone and are produced by glands such as the thyroid gland, pancreas, and pituitary gland. Non-steroid hormones are water-soluble, which means they cannot diffuse through cell membranes. They bind to receptors on the cell membrane, which then activate intracellular signaling pathways that lead to physiological changes.
Overall, steroid hormones and non-steroid hormones have different chemical compositions and they activate different intracellular pathways to produce their effects, but both play a crucial role in maintaining the body's homeostasis.
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Hormones are classified into two categories based on their chemical composition: steroid hormones and non-steroid hormones. This statement is true.
Steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol and are lipid-soluble. They include hormones such as testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone. These hormones can easily diffuse through cell membranes and bind to intracellular receptors, which then activate specific genes in the cell.
Non-steroid hormones, also known as small molecule hormones, are not derived from cholesterol. They include hormones such as thyroid hormones, catecholamines, and insulin.
These hormones are water-soluble and cannot diffuse through cell membranes, so they bind to receptors on the cell surface. This leads to a cascade of intracellular events, resulting in the activation of specific genes in the cell.
Complete question:
Hormones are classified into two categories based on their chemical structure, hormones, and non-hormones. It's true or false.
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when applying the process of science, which of these is tested?
a) a question
b) a result
c) an observation
d) a prediction
e) a hypothesis
when applying the process of science, a hypothesis is tested.
A hypothesis is a claim or explanation about a scientific process that is taken to be true. The foundation of any research is the tested assumption, which is done next.
A hypothesis should be founded on known ideas and a body of information; it should not just be an educated guess. Additionally, it must be testable so that you can use scientific research techniques to either confirm or disprove it (such as experiments, observations, and statistical analysis of data).
The scientific method's steps will be discussed in greater detail later, but one of its most crucial components is the testing of hypotheses. A testable hypothesis is a theory put out to explain an occurrence.
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How was community feedback important in developing the asteroid hypothesis?
"After Dr. Alvarez published his study demonstrating high iridium levels near the K-T barrier, the whole scientific world embraced the asteroid idea."
Why was the asteroid impact theory not immediately accepted by the scientific community?7. (Key Idea J) (Key Concept J) Identify the reasons behind the scientific community's sluggish acceptance of the asteroid impact theory. Geologists at the time thought that Earth changes gradually and without big disasters, therefore the asteroid idea as that of the cause of a K-T extinction event was not readily accepted.
What supporting data does the asteroid hypothesis have?There is a tonne of evidence that the asteroid impact scenario is correct. For instance, the fossil record demonstrates how quickly dinosaurs vanished. This is more in line with a catastrophic event like an asteroid strike as opposed to a slow-moving shift in the climate or an increase in volcanic activity.
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HURRYY!!!
GEORGE AND KYLE WERE TAKING A QUIZ. THIS WAS ITEM 4: "Scientists just discovered a new kind of organism and gave it the common name blue spinner. Make one statement that must be true about the structure of a blue spinner. "
George wrote, "A blue spinner is made of at least one cell. "
Kyle wrote, "A blue spinner has tissues that perform specific functions. "
Which of the responses is correct? Explain the error made in the incorrect response
George is correct while Kyle is not.
An organism is a type of living being that can be either unicellular or multicellular. It exists as a single entity and works to maintain its existence. George is accurate in his assertion.
George claims that at least one cell makes up a blue spinner. An organism must consist of either one cell or many cells in order to be considered alive.
Given that the newly found species might either have several cells or only one.
Kyle's assertion is false since it is known if the organism is a single-celled structure or a multi-celled structure and thus no inference can be made about the tissues.
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George is correct while Kyle is not. An organism is a type of living being that can be either unicellular or multicellular. It exists as a single entity and works to maintain its existence.
George is accurate in his assertion. George claims that at least one cell makes up a blue spinner. An organism must consist of either one cell or many cells in order to be considered alive. George is correct while Kyle is not. An organism is a type of living being that can be either unicellular or multicellular. It exists as a single entity and works to maintain its existence. Given that the newly found species might either have several cells or only one. Kyle's assertion is false since it is known if the organism is a single-celled structure or a multi-celled structure and thus no inference can be made about the tissues.
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suppose that a new river cuts through a land mass, separating populations of mice on either side. these mice then evolve into new species on the two sides of the land mass. this is an example of evolution by . group of answer choices continental drift. subduction. vicariance. ratites.
The correct option is C ; vicariance, Geographical isolation (vicariance) is the main reason for the evolution of either side mouse into new species.
Two populations of the same species are geographically separated by a barrier, they will eventually become genetically distinct from one another. Even when they are exposed to the same kinds of environmental selection forces and are living in the same region, two populations of the same species can yet become genetically distinct from one another.
A new river cuts through a land mass, separating populations of mice on either side. these mice then evolve into new species on the two sides of the land mass, the separation of a group of organisms by a geographic barrier, resulting in the differentiation of the original group into new varieties or species.
Hence, vicariance is a kind of evolution caused by geographical isolation.
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What type of epithelial tissue, found in the intestines, absorbs nutrients?
-stratified cuboidal epithelium
-simple cuboidal cells
-simple columnar epithelium
-stratified columnar epithelium
-stratified squamous epithelium
Stratified columnar epithelium is epithelial tissue, found in the intestines, absorbs nutrients .
In general ,Simple columnar epithelium is the epithelium that is often specialized for absorption and it consists of apical cilia or microvilli. these epithelial cells also line your stomach and intestines. hence , lining of the stomach and intestines in the gastrointestinal tract are formed of simple columnar epithelial cells.
In intestines , Absorptive cells are most predominant epithelial cell present in the lining of lumen in the small intestine and colon. They mostly works in absorption of nutrients across the layers of plasma membrane and also export same nutrients across the basal plasma membrane.
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Stratified columnar epithelium is epithelial tissue, found in the intestines, absorbs nutrients .
Simple columnar epithelium is the epithelium that is often specialized for absorption and it consists of cilia or microvilli. These epithelial cells also line your stomach and intestines. Hence , lining of the stomach and intestines in the gastrointestinal tract are formed of simple columnar epithelial cells.
In intestines , Absorptive cells are the most predominant epithelial cell present in the lining of lumen in the small intestine and colon. They mostly work in absorption of nutrients across the layers of plasma membrane and also export the same nutrients across the basal plasma membrane.
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Play Soccer, Eat Well achieve300 answers
Answer:
well I do
Explanation:
so Yass
Two key components of leading a healthy lifestyle are participating in football and eating well. A fantastic method to keep in shape and receive physical activity is to play football.
What are the various activities that will help in the fitness ?Running, jumping, and kicking frequently while playing this sport can assist to build stronger muscles and enhance cardiovascular health. It can also aid in improving your coordination and agility. A healthy lifestyle can only be achieved with proper nutrition.
Your body can acquire the nutrients it needs to stay healthy by eating a balanced diet with lots of fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins. Additionally, it can aid in lowering your chance of developing chronic illnesses like diabetes and heart disease.
Maintaining a healthy diet can also assist with reducing your weight can improve your health in general. Therefore, maintaining a healthy lifestyle requires both eating healthily and playing football.
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3. What is the main difference between Darwin's theories and Lamarck's theories?
Darwin believed that all animals within a species had identical genotypes; Lamarck believed that all animals within a species had identical phenotypes.
Darwin believed that animals were born with beneficial mutations that assisted them in their environments; Lamarck believed that animals changed due to their environments.
Darwin believed that all animals within a species had identical phenotypes; Lamarck believed that all animals within a species had identical genotypes.
Darwin believed that animals changed due to their environments; Lamarck believed that animals were born with beneficial mutations that assisted them in their environments.
The main difference between Darwin's theories and Lamarck's theories is that
Darwin believed that all animals within a species had identical genotypes; Lamarck believed that all animals within a species had identical phenotypes.
The first option is correct.
What is a phenotype?The phenotype is described as the set of observable characteristics or traits of an organism.
In conclusion, Lamarck believed that evolution is driven primarily by non-randomly acquired, beneficial phenotypic changes.
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