It is a 5.76 m aniline solution .
Mass of the solution = 0.17m
Kb for C6H5NH2 = 3.8 x 10^-10
We know Ka for C6H5NH2 = 1.78x10^-11
We have Kw = Ka x Kb => Ka = Kw / Kb
=> (C2H5NH2)(H3O^+)/(C2H5NH3^+) => 1.78x10^-11 = K^2 / 0.17
K^2 = 3 x 10^-12 => K = 1.73 x 10^-6.
pH = -log(Kw(H3O^+)) = -log(1.73 x 10^-6) = 5.76
What is aniline solution?Organic substance aniline has the chemical formula C6H5NH2. The simplest aromatic amine is aniline, which consists of an amino group joined to a phenyl group. It is an important commodity chemical for industry and a flexible starting point for the synthesis of fine chemicals. The production of colors, industrial chemicals, and precursors to polyurethane are its principal uses. It smells like rotting fish, just like the majority of volatile amines. It easily ignites and burns with the smoky flame that is typical of aromatic chemicals.
In comparison to benzene, it has more electrons. As a result, it takes part in electrophilic aromatic substitution processes more quickly. It is also susceptible to oxidation; fresh aniline is a nearly colorless oil, but exposure to air causes it to gradually turn yellow or red.
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What is the ph of a solution that results from adding 0.059 mol naoh (s) to 1.47 l of a buffer comprised of 0.391 m benzoic acid, c6h5cooh and 0.391 m sodium benzoate, c6h5coona?
The pH of a solution that results from adding 0.059 mol Na (s) to 1.47 l of a buffer comprised of 0.391 m benzoic acid, c6h5cooh and 0.391 m sodium benzoate, c6h5coona is 5.418.
What do you mean by pH?pH is a measure of how acidic/basic the water is. The range goes from 0 - 14, with 7 being the neutral. pHs of less than 7 indicate the acidity, whereas a pH of greater than 7 indicates a base. pH is really a measure of relative amount of free hydrogen and hydroxyl ions in the water. Water that has more free hydrogen ions is the acidic, whereas water that has more free hydroxyl ions is basic. Since the pH can be affected by chemicals in the water, pH is an important indicator of water that is changing chemically. pH is reported in the "logarithmic units". Each number represents a 10-fold change in acidity/basicness of the water. Water with a pH of five is ten times more acidic than the water having a pH of six.
pH, quantitative measure of acidity or basicity of aqueous or other liquid solutions. The term, widely used in the chemistry, biology, and agronomy, translates the values of the concentration of the hydrogen ion—which ordinarily ranges between about 1 and 10−14 gram-equivalents per liter—into the numbers between 0 and 14.
molarity of NaOH= 0.059mol/1.47L
= 0.0401 M
Molarity of acid= 0.391 M
Molarity of buffer= 0.391 M
The pKa value of = 4.19
Henderson - Hasslbach Equation:
pH = pKa + log(salt/acid)
=pKa+ log[( salt + C)/(acid-C)]
= 4.19 + log[(0.391 M + 0.0401 M)/ (0.391 M - 0.0401 M)]
= 4.19 + 1.22
= 5.418
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Explain why the value obtained for the density of the metal is likely to have a larger percentage
error than that found for the liquid.
When comparing the density of metals to that of liquids, the percentage error is more likely to rise.
What is liquid density?A liquid's density is a gauge of how heavy it is relative to the amount being measured. The liquid that weighs heavier is more dense if you weigh two liquids with similar volumes or amounts. A substance less dense than water will float when it is gradually introduced to the water's surface.
How is the density determined?The mass to volume ratio of an object determines its density. The unit of density is frequently grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3). Keep in mind that the volume is measured in cubic centimeters, not grams (the same volume as 1 millilitre).
Briefing :Direct measurement of a solid's volume is impossible. A solid, especially one with an irregular shape, has a higher potential for measurement error than a liquid.
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Which group of elements has the most similar chemical properties? (1 point)
carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen
uranium, plutonium, and lead
fluorine, chlorine, and iodine
aluminum, silicon, and phosphorus
Answer:
Fluorine,chlorine,Iodine
Explanation:
Write a balanced half-reaction for the oxidation of chromium ion to dichromate ion in acidic aqueous solution. be sure to add physical state symbols where appropriate.
The balanced equation is:
2Cr^+3(aq) +7H2O(l) --> Cr2O7^2-(aq) + 14H^+(aq)
What is balanced equation?
A chemical equation is a symbol- and formula-based symbolic representation of a chemical reaction, with the reactant entities presented on the left side and the product entities on the right.
A balanced equation is one for a chemical reaction in which the overall charge and the number of atoms for each component are the same for both the reactants and the products. In other words, the mass and charge of both sides of the reaction are equal.
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Mercury metal is poured into a graduated cylinder that holds exactly 20 mL. The mercury used to fill the cylinder has a mass of 306.0 g. From this information, calculate the density of mercury.
*
Don't forget the units!
Taking into account the definition of density, the density of mercury is 15.3 g/mL.
Definition of densityDensity is defined as the property that matter has to compress into a given space and it allows us to measure the amount of mass in a certain volume of a substance.
The expression for the calculation of density is:
density= mass÷ volume
It can be deduced that density is inversely proportional to volume: the smaller the volume occupied by a given mass, the higher the density.
Density of mercuryIn this case, you know that:
Mass= 306 gVolume= 20 mLReplacing in the definition of density:
density= 306 g÷ 20 mL
Solving:
density= 15.3 g/mL
In summary, the density of mercury is 15.3 g/mL.
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The desired product will not form if a strong base is applied to the starting material right away in reaction 1. why does this synthetic route fail to product the desired alkene product?
Synthetic route fail to product the desired alkene product because the base will deprotonate the alcohol and form an alkoxide product.
What to you mean by synthetic route?When a chemist working in lab embarks upon the synthesis of a compound, he or she follows a “synthetic route”— a series of steps by which a chemical compound is assembled from the smaller, less complex bulk chemicals. These routes can be devised based on chemist’s experience and by searching the scientific literature to learn from the experience of other chemists who may have attempted similar synthetic paths in the past.
How do you choose a synthetic route?Chemical yieldingThe Cycle timeNumber of the chemical steps and convergenceUse of the higher molecular weight protecting group and reagentsNumber of the energy-consuming operationsImplementing this approach is the key to reducing API development time as complexity grows and budgets shrink. As with any risk management plan, goal is to be proactive in finding and mitigating sources of risk. This is accomplished by the removing unwanted variability in each stage of a process.
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what other element would react violently with chlorine to produce a compound with similar properties?
The elements that react violently with chlorine are;
SodiumPotassiumRubidiumCesiumWhat elements reacts directly with chlorine?We know that chlorine is very highly reactive element that is found in group 17 of the periodic table. Owing to the fact that chlorine is highly reactive, it does not occur free in nature. This is why we always find in combined state.
The elements of group 1 could react violently with chlorine to produce a chloride and these elements are;
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What orbitals overlap to form the c-h bond in ethene (h 2c=ch 2)? s-p p-p s-sp3 s-sp2 s-sp
The orbitals overlap to form the c-h bond in ethene, the s-sp2 orbital overlaps to create the C-H bond.
What is sp2 hybridisation?
Three sp2 orbitals, each with a 33% s character and a 67% p character, are created when one s orbital and two p orbitals hybridize. When an atom has three electron groups surrounding it, this kind of hybridization is necessary.
Trigonal hybridization is another name for the sp2 process. One's' orbital and two 'p' orbitals of equivalent energy are combined to create the new hybrid orbital known as sp2. At 1200, a combination of s and p orbitals developed in trigonal symmetry.
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What is the electric force on a proton 1.9 fm from the surface of the nucleus? hint: treat the spherical nucleus as a point charge.
The electric force on a proton 1.9 fm from the surface of the nucleus 3.1 × 10² N
Evaluating :It is known that charge on xenon nucleus is equal to +54e. And, charge on the proton is equal to +e. So, radius of the nucleus is as follows.
r = [tex]\frac{6.0}{2}[/tex]
= 3.0 fm
Let us assume that nucleus is a point charge. Hence, the distance between proton and nucleus will be as follows.
d = r + 1.9= (1.9 + 2.5) fm
= 4.4fm
= 4.4 × 10⁻¹⁵ (as 1 fm = 10⁻¹⁵ )Therefore, electrostatic repulsive force on proton is calculated as follows.
F = [tex]\frac{1}{4\pi E_{0} } \frac{q_{1} q_{2} }{d^{2} }[/tex]
Putting the given values into the above formula as follows.
F = [tex]\frac{1}{4\pi E_{0} }\frac{q_{1} q_{2} }{d^{2} }[/tex]
= 9×10⁹×[tex](\frac{54 * 1.6 *10^{-19} }{4.4 * 10^{-15} } )[/tex]²
= 311.2 N
= 3.1 × 10² N
Thus, we ca conclude that 3.1 × 10² N is that the electric force on a proton 1.9 fm from the surface of the nucleus.
Nucleus of a particle :The nucleus may be a collection of particles called protons, which are charged , and neutrons, which are electrically neutral. Protons and neutrons are successively made up of particles called quarks.
What is the charge of a nucleus?The nucleus (plural, nuclei) may be a positively charged region at the center of the atom. It consists of two sorts of subatomic particles packed tightly together. The particles are protons, which have a positive charge , and neutrons, which are neutral in charge
Why nucleus is positively charged?A nucleus of an atom has protons and neutrons. we all know that a proton has a charge of + 1 , while a neutron has no charge, or 0. Therefore, the nucleus of an atom will always have a charge .
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The resting potential of a neuron that is submerged in a solution with zero extracellular potassium will __________________ because __________________________.
The answer would be for this question will be hyperpolarize; the driving force for potassium to exit the cell increases.
The resting potential of a neuron that is submerged in a solution with zero extracellular potassium will hyperpolarize because the driving force for potassium to exit the cell increases.
Hyperpolarization is the process in which the membrane potential looks good on more negative at a specific spot on the neuron's membrane where as depolarization is when the membrane potential became less negative.
At this point at which the neuron is hyperpolarized, in the middle of –70 mV and –75 mV. After hyperpolarization the potassium passage encloses and the natural permeability of the neuron to sodium and potassium permits the neuron to come back to its recline potential of –70 mV.
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4. What is the frequency of light that has a wavelength of 4.25 x 10^-8 m?
Frequency of light = 0.705 x 10^16 per second.
Frequency: It is the quantity of waves passing a particular area in a predetermined period of time. Unit of frequency is second ^-1.
Wavelength: A wave's wavelength is the separation between its two subsequent crests or troughs. It is calculated using the wave direction. Unit of wavelength is meters.
Speed of light: the rate at which light waves move through various substances. In particular, it has now been determined that the speed of light in a vacuum is exactly 299,792,458 meters per second.
Inverse correlation exists between frequency and wavelength.
f ∝ 1/ λ
∴f = c /λ
where,
c is the speed of light (3 x 108 m/s), and f represents frequency.
λ is wavelength
∴ f = 3 x 10^8 / 4.25 x 10^-8
f = 0.705 x 10^16 /s
Hence, frequency of the light wave will be 0.705 x 10^16 /s
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which indicator is most appropriate for the titration of acetic acid with naoh? the ka for ch3co2h is 1.8×10−5. explain the reasoning for your answer:
An endpoint is observed using a phenolphthalein indicator when titrating CH3COOH against NaOH.
What is phenolphthalein ?Phenolphthalein is a shorthand notation for the chemical compound C20H14O4, which is frequently written as "HIn," "HPh," "phph," or just "Ph." In acid-base titrations, phenolphthalein is commonly employed as an indicator. It is a member of the group of colors known as phthalein dyes.
For use in studies, phenolphthalein is typically dissolved in alcohols because it is only marginally soluble in water. It is a weak acid that can dissolve and lose H+ ions. The double-deprotonated phenolphthalein ion is fuchsia, whereas the nonionized phenolphthalein molecule is colorless.
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In the first 70.0 ss of this reaction, the concentration of nono dropped from 1.32 mm to 0.400 mm . calculate the average rate of the reaction in this time interval.
The reaction will be thermodynamically spontaneous if the temperature is below 175 K.
According to this formula, when:
ΔG = ΔH - T*ΔS
when the reaction is thermodynamically spontaneous ΔG < 0
∴ ΔH - T* ΔS = 0
∴T*ΔS = ΔH
∴ T = ΔH / ΔS
when we have:
ΔH = -70KJ
and ΔS = -0.4 KJ/K
So by substitution:
T = -70KJ /- 0.4
= 175 K
∴the certain temperature below which the reaction will be thermodynamically spontaneous is 175
What is thermodynamics ?The rules of thermodynamics explain how energy in a system evolves and whether a system can make use of its environment to produce productive work.
In an automobile, the engine is a thermodynamic system that burns fuel inside the cylinder; the radiator, piston, exhaust system, and ambient air make up the system's environment.
Thermodynamics abides by four laws. They discuss heat, work, temperature, and entropy. They are employed in chemistry, among other sciences, as well as in thermodynamics.
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which glassware would you use to do each of the following tasks: beaker, erlenmeyer flask, graduated cylinder, pipette, or volumetric flask?deliver 25.00 ml of water into a reaction
Volumetric pipetts, volumetric flasks and burette are the most accurate, the glassware makers calibrate these to a high level of accurасу.
However, if we need exactly 25.0 ml to make up a 'standard' solution, only a volumetric flask would be appropriate
The graduated cylinder with most subdivision between ml marks is the most precise.Typically this would be the 50 ml graduated cylinder,However, pipette buzette also can be to measure some of water.volumetric flasks use To contain fixed volume at a certain temperature, it is to Clean first (no need to dry) then add sample 1/3 of the way then add water to dissolve by inverting and shaking. Then fill to the 500ml mark using squeeze bottle then eye dropper. Dirty glassware will cause water to hang on the sides.To know more about volumetric flask visit : https://brainly.com/question/19517011
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What change is illustrated in the diagram?
HELP ME PLS!
The change illustrated in the diagram is atoms that formed molecules; option C.
What is matter?Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.
Matter can exist as pure or impure substances.
Pure substances are the elements and compounds.
Impure substances are the mixtures.
All forms of matter are composed of atoms.
When atoms of substances combine, the form molecules of the same element or molecules of a compound.
Atoms can also form ions by the loss or gain of electrons.
Therefore, the illustrated diagram shows atoms of the same substance combining to form molecules.
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A weak acid ha has a pka of 5.0. if 1.0 mol of this acid and 0.1 mol of naoh were dissolved in one liter of wat,er what would be the final ph?
A weak acid ha has a ph of 5.0. if 1.0 mol of this acid and 0.1 mol of naoh were dissolved in one liter of wat,er The weak acid is partly neutralised by the alkali: HA(aq)+NaOH(aq)→NaA(aq)+H2O(l).
What is ph?Chemistry uses a pH scale to categorize an aqueous solution's acidity or basicity. The term pH originally meant "potential of hydrogen." In comparison to basic or alkaline solutions (solutions with higher H+ ion concentrations), acidic solutions have lower pH values measured.
The p Hscale is logarithmic and inversely proportional to the amount of hydrogen ions present in the solution.
M is equal to mol dm3. At a temperature of 25 °C (77 °F), basic solutions are defined as those with a pH greater than 7, and acidic solutions as those with a pH lower than 7. Solutions having a pH of 7 are regarded as neutral at this temperature (e.g. pure water). Temperature affects the pH's neutral value, which drops to below 7 if the temperature exceeds 25 °C.
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determine whether an observational or experimental study is appropriate to address the following statement. a gas station owner wants to identify if a need for additional staffing exists.
If a gas station owner wants to identify if a need for additional staffing exists, an observational study could suffice here.
What is an observational study?The term observational study refers to a study in which the research only dependent on what could be obviously seen with out trying to compare the effects of an independent on a dependent variable by empirical means.
If the owner of a gas station wants to know if there is need for more staffing. All he needs is to observe the rate of work in the hands of the current staff strength and make projection. Only a observational study could suffice here.
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it takes to break a carbon-carbon single bond. calculate the maximum wavelength of light for which a carbon-carbon single bond could be broken by absorbing a single photon.
One mole of the C-C bond can be broken with the provided energy of 348 kJ.
Thus, the amount of energy needed to dissolve one C-C bond is 348 x 1000 / 6.023 x 10^23.
Required energy is 5.78 x 10^-19 Joules.
The relationship between wavelength and energy is
E = hc / λ
where wavelength is λ
Planck's constant is h.
the speed of light, c
5.78 X 10^-19 Joules = 6.62 X 10^-34 X 3 X 10^8 / λ
The highest wavelength of light at which a single photon may break a carbon-carbon single bond is 3.44 X 10-7 m = λ
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how are the balanced or unbalanced forces related to rotational motion?
Answer: When the forces are balanced, neither of the teams, but if the rope moves away in a particular direction or if a team wins, then the forces applied by both teams are unbalanced. Practically anything that moves is a result of the exertion of unbalanced forces on it.
Explanation:
The balanced or unbalanced forces are related to rotational motion by the occurrence of the constant and altered changes in the speed of the object.
What is Rotational motion?Rotational motion may be defined as a type of motion that involves the movement of an object along an axis in a circular path with a common angular velocity.
Balanced forces maintain the state of an object at a constant speed. It means that its velocity remains unchanged during the course of the time interval. While unbalanced forces stimulate the alteration in the velocity of an object. It either reduces or enhances the initial speed of an object.
Therefore, the balanced or unbalanced forces are related to rotational motion by the occurrence of the constant and altered changes in the speed of the object.
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calculate the ph of a solution prepared by diluting 3.0 ml of 2.5 m hcl to a final volume of 100 ml with h2o
The pH of a solution prepared by diluting 3.0 mL of 2.5 M HCl to a final volume of 100 mL with H₂O is 1.12.
Given data :
Original concentration of HCl before dilution (C₁) = 2.5 M
Volume of HCl to be diluted (V₁) = 3.0 mL
Final volume of HCl after diluting (V₂) = 100 mL
Final concentration of HCl after dilution (C₂) = ?
To Calculate the final concentration of solution, equation used is -
C₁.V₁ = C₂.V₂
Putting values in equation,
2.5 M x 3.0 mL = C₂ x 100 mL
C₂ = 2.5 M x 3.0 mL
100 mL
C₂ = 0.075 M
When HCl is diluted with H₂O, it dissociates. The chemical equation of dissociation reaction of HCl is -
HCl(aq) ⇄ H⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq)
Concentration of HCl = concentration of H⁺ = 0.075 M
Using equation of pH,
pH = -log[H⁺]
pH = -log[0.075]
pH = 1.12
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Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that shields the planet from the sun's uv radiation and helps prevent global warming.
a. true
b. false
False, Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas doesn't shields the planet from the sun's uv radiation and helps prevent global warming.
When particular gases, referred to as greenhouse gases, build up in the Earth's atmosphere, the greenhouse effect occurs. Carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), ozone (O3), and fluorinated gases are examples of greenhouse gases.The sun's light can reach Earth's surface thanks to greenhouse gases, which then trap the heat that is reflected back from the surface inside Earth's atmosphere.That is ozone layer which shields the planet from the sun's uv radiation and helps prevent global warming. It is layer in stratosphere which doesn't allow harmful sunrays to enter earth surface because it can cause many health issues to human being like skin cancer etc.Thus it is not cabondioxide that protect planet from UV rays.
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A 0.10 m solution of lactic acid, ch3chohco2h, has a ph of 2.43. what is the ka? (for simplicity, just abbreviate lactic acid as ha.)
The value of K(a) is 1.4 × 10⁻⁴.
The pH scale is used in chemistry to determine whether an aqueous solution is basic or acidic. Historically, pH stood for "potential of hydrogen." The pH values of acidic solutions are typically lower than those of basic or alkaline solutions.
A weak monoprotic acid, lactic acid (HA) dissociates in accordance with the following equilibrium:
HA ⇋ H⁺ + A⁻
K(a) = [H⁺] × [A⁻] / [HA]
If C is the initial acid concentration and x is the dissociated concentration of each product, then the expression at equilibrium is:
K(a) = x² / ( C− x )
Now substituting the values C = 0.10 m and the ph of lactic acid is 2.43 in:
x = [H+]
[H+] = 10^{− pH}
10⁻²·⁴³ = 3.63 × 10⁻³ M
Therefore,
K(a) = x² / ( C − x )
K(a) = ( 3.63 × 10⁻³ M)² / ( 0.10 M − 3.63 × 10⁻³ M )
K(a) = 1.4 × 10⁻⁴
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a mixture consisting of 1 mol of h2o(g) and 1 mol co(g) is placed in a 5 l reaction vessel at 800 k. at equilibrium, 0.411 mol co2(g) is present as a result of the reaction co(g) h2o(g) ⇀↽ co2(g) h2(g). what is kc at 800 k?
If you have .387mol steam, then you used .387 mol CO, and 3*.387 mole H2. to seek out the molar concentration of CO and H2, subtract what was used from the initial. the quantity of CH4 of course is the same as H2O.
co(g) h2o(g) ⇀↽ co2(g) h2(g).
What is equilibrium?
Equilibrium is the state in which market supply and demand balance each other, and as a result, prices become stable. Generally, an over-supply for goods or services causes prices to travel down, which ends up in higher demand. The balancing effect of supply and demand leads to a state of equilibrium.
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Complete the flowchart about the scientific method
Answer:
A scientific problem is often discovered when an observation is made, which leads to a question.
A hypothesis is formed when an explanation is proposed for an observation.
Testing a proposed explanation requires designing an experiment.
For the results of the experiment to be accepted, the experiment must produce the same results when repeated.
An explanation may become a theory if the same results are found after many tests.
you are runnig a reaction to make a carboxylic acid, but what appears to be the product spot is too low on the tlc plate and is elongated, i.e., it isn't a nice circle but is stretched out a lot. to make this spot rounder and move a little farther, which of the following is most likely to
Add a trace of acidic acid to the eluting solvent mixture.
What is TLC?TLC is the acronym for thin layer chromatography. This type of chromatography occurs when we have an eluting solvent and a stationary phase such as a thick adsorbent paper on a support.
In a chromatography, there is a stationary phase and a mobile phase. The stationary phase here is the sold support while the mobile phase is the eluting solvent which carried the mixture to be separated.
This stationary phase is spotted with the mixture to be eluted and the chromatogram is observed on the stationary phase. We know that an acid would be eluted by a polar solvent.
If the chromatogram is a stretched circle that appears rounder as you move a little farther then you have to add a trace of acidic acid to the eluting solvent mixture.
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Missing parts;
You are running a reaction to make a carboxylic acid, but what appears to be the product spot is too low on the tlc plate and is elongated, i.e., it isn't a nice circle but is stretched out a lot. To make this spot rounder and move a little farther, which of the following is most likely to work?
Using a more polar eluting solvent mixture.
Adding a trace of ammonium hydroxide to the eluting solvent mixture.
Adding a trace of water to the eluting solvent mixture.
Adding a trace of methanol to the eluting solvent mixture.
Adding a trace of acidic acid to the eluting solvent mixture.
How many grams of lead (ii) oxide will be produced by the decomposition of 2.50 g of lead (ii) carbonate?
The mass of lead (ii) oxide produced by the decomposition of the reaction will be 2.09 grams.
To find the mass, the given data's are,
Mass of PbCo₃ = 2.50 g
Molar mass of PbCo₃ = 267.21 g/mole
Molar mass of PbO = 223.2 g/mole
What is decomposition reaction?A decomposition reaction can be defined as a chemical reaction in which one reactant breaks down into two or more products.
The given balanced chemical reaction is:
PbCo₃(s) → PbO (s) + Co₂ (g)
Here, calculating the moles of PbCo₃,
Moles of PbCo₃ = ( Mass of PbCo₃ / Molar mass of PbCo₃ )
= ( 2.50 g /267.21 g/mole )
= 0.00936 moles.
Now we have to calculate the moles of PbO,
From the reaction, we conclude that
As, 1 mole of PbCo₃ react to give 1 mole of PbO,
So, 0.0936 moles of PbCo₃ react to give 0.00936 moles of PbO.
So, Calculating the mass of PbO,
Mass of PbO = Moles of PbO × Molar mass of PbO
= 0.00936 moles × 223.2 g/mole
= 2.09 moles.
Therefore, the mass of lead (ii) oxide produced by the decomposition of the reaction will be 2.09 grams.
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The mass number of an atom is equal to the total number of protons and neutrons.
is it true or false
2 some organisms feed on other organisms without immediately killing them. what term describes this act? a. commensalism b. parasitism c. mutualism d. predation
Answer:
b
Explanation:
It's because parasites actually don't kill the host immediately but after at least a good time the host starts to experience some side effects which can lead to death
ortuso, roberto d., and kaori sugihara. "detailed study on the failure of the wedge calibration method at nanonewton setpoints for friction force microscopy." the journal of physical chemistry c, vol. 122, no. 21, american chemical society (acs), may 2018, pp. 11464–74, doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b03583.
'The detailed study on the failure of the Wedge Calibration Method at Nanonewton Setpoints for Friction Force Microscopy', by the author Ortuso, Roberto Diego and Kaori, Sugihara, published in the journal of physical chemistry C., 2018, vol. 122, no. 21, p. 11464-11474, American Chemical Society (acs) is widely popular calibration technique in friction force microscopy to convert raw lateral laser deflection signals (volt) into the forces (newton).
There has been recent trends nanotechnologies which demands the use of the method at nanonewton force ranges, but this range is a failure for small forces.
Conventional Wedge calibration method has been a failure at nanonewton force ranges and studies has been going on to identify the reason behind the failure of this method.
The equation used shows experimental errors by order of magnitude at setpoints due to its mathematical expressions.
This low tolerance against experimental errors in nanonewton force ranges is the reason for failure of wedge calibration method.
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10.0g of potassium iocide is dissolved in 50.0g of water. Calculate the percent mass of the solute in the solution
Answer:
100/6% =16.67%
Explanation:
16.67%