The process of photosynthesis is commonly written as:
6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂.
The light-dependent and light-independent reactions are the two steps. The light reactions of photosynthesis take place in the thylakoid membrane, whereas the dark reactions are located in the chloroplast stroma.
In higher plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, a membrane protein supercomplex called photosystem II (PSII) carries out the first step of photosynthesis. To accelerate a transmembrane charge separation, it absorbs sunlight.
To begin photosynthesis, a photon interacts with photosystem II's antenna pigments. The hydrogen ions are pumped into the interior of the thylakoid by the electron transport chain after the energy passes through the reaction center, which contains chlorophyll a. A significant ion concentration is created by this action.
During photosynthesis, it is the conversion of ADP to ATP utilizing solar energy. In the mitochondria of a cell, the process of cellular respiration also results in the formation of ATP.
Chloroplasts include ferredoxin (Fd), an enzyme that facilitates electron transport and has an iron-sulfur cluster. When being oxidized or reduced, its iron atoms accept or release electrons, which is how it participates in the photosynthesis process.
Hydrogen ions, oxygen ions, and electrons are separated from water. Within the thylakoid lumen, oxygen and protons created by the splitting of water are discharged.
Cyclic photophosphorylation, is described as the production of ATP related to electron transport that is only activated by Photosystem I (700 nm). The particular Photosystem II inhibitors CMU, DCMU, and orthophenanthroline have no impact on this process.
The enzyme that produces ATP via chemiosmosis is called ATP synthase. It permits protons to cross the membrane and generates ATP by phosphorylating adenosine diphosphate (ADP) with the free energy difference. In addition to mitochondria and chloroplasts, most bacteria and archaea also produce ATP by chemiosmosis.
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All of the following are steps in the scientific method except_
Select one:
a. conclusion
b. hypothesis
c. observation experiment
e. scientific law
what is cellular respiration and why it is essential for all living cells?
Answer:
Cellular respiration is a process in which glucose is broken down to produce ATP, or energy. This same energy is essential to all processes within the cell, powering almost everything.
I'm sorry I couldn't provide a better explanation :(((
what is the diagnostic term for the condition that results whenever the tissue surrounding the kidney fails to anchor it to nearby structures and the kidney droops?
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Use the tape measure to measure the length of your ulna. (It is the longest bone in your forearm. Measure from the end of
the bone at your wrist to the end of your elbow bone.) Record the length of your ulna in the space below. Then use the
graph you constructed earlier to predict your height in cm. Use the tape to measure your actual height if you do not know it.
Ulna length ___cm
Predicted height ___ cm
Actual height ___ cm
Was the graph a good predictor of your height? How might it be made better?
How long is the ulna?
Male students' ulna lengths ranged from 24 to 31 cm, whereas female students' ulna lengths ranged from 23 to 27 cm. Male students' mean ulna length was 27.40 2.13 cm, whereas female students' was 24.70 1.43 cm (p0.001).
How can one determine height in cm?
One of these entails raising a boy's average height by 2.5 inches (7.6 cm) and lowering a girl's average height by 2.5 inches (7.6 cm). Based on this methodology is the second calculator above. Another easy technique is to have the child's height doubled by the time he or she is two years old for boys or 18 months for girls.
What is height in cm?
Simply multiply your height in inches by 2.54 to get your height in cm to complete the conversion. In this instance, a person who is 5 feet, 6 inches tall is equivalent to 167.64 cm as measured in the metric system (66 x 2.54)
What factor accurately predicts height?
The height of the parents, or more particularly, the biparental height, is the best indicator of height. By combining the mother's and father's heights in inches, you may determine the biparental height. For boys, measure 5 inches longer; for girls, measure 5 inches shorter.
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An insertion sequence contains a large deletion in its transposase gene. Under what circumstances would this insertion sequence be able to transpose?.
(3) "There is another transposable element of the same type present in the cell and it expresses a functional transposable enzyme." is the circumstance that this insertion sequence would be able to transpose.
Bacterial insertion sequence is a type of straightforward transposon. DNA segments known as transposons have the capacity to relocate throughout the genome. Only the genes necessary for their transposition are carried by insertion sequences.
The protein needed for the transposition of bacterial insertion sequences is called transposase. The binding sites for this protein are the brief repetitions found at both ends of the bacterial transposons.
Transposase's primary job is to make staggered incisions in the target DNA region where the insertion sequence will be put. The target DNA has a gap created by the transposase cut, which is where the bacterial transposons are placed.
It wouldn't be able to transpose if a deletion mutation eliminated the transposase gene from the insertion sequence.
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Question correction:
An insertion sequence contains a large deletion in its transposase gene. Under what circumstances would this insertion sequence be able to transpose?
There is another transposable element that produces reverse transcriptase present in the cell.The transposable element is transcribed, and the host cell also expresses a functional reverse transcriptase that then makes a DNA copy.There is another transposable element of the same type present in the cell and it expresses a functional transposase enzyme.This transposable element can never transpose due to the deletion in its transposase gene.The insertion sequence will be able to transpose if it loses its inverted repeats.after beta phage infects corynebacterium diphtheriae and integrates its dna into the host genome, the bacterium is capable of causing the disease diphtheria. which term best describes this phenomenon?
A deadly infection known as diphtheria is brought on by bacterial strains called Corynebacterium diphtheriae that produce toxins.
What was Corynebacterium diphtheriae also known as?
The pathogenic bacterium that causes diphtheria is Corynebacterium diphtheriae, which is also used as an image result for the disease. Due to German bacteriologists Edwin Klebs (1834–1912) and Friedrich Löffler's 1884 discovery of the organism. Another name for it is the Klebs-Löffler bacillus (1852–1915).
Lysogenic conversion, which occurs when viral DNA is incorporated into a bacterial chromosome, is the cause of diseases like diphtheria.
Therefore, The bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae is the cause of the highly contagious and sometimes fatal disease diphtheria.
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which of the following types of molecules are the major structural components of the cell membrane? phospholipids and cellulose proteins and cellulose phospholipids and proteins nucleic acids and proteins
Proteins and phospholipids make up the majority of the cell membrane's structural elements.
What is plasma membrane?
The majority of the plasma membrane is composed of proteins, carbs, and lipids (including phosphatidylcholine). The plasma membrane protects intracellular components from the extracellular environment. The plasma membrane, that also mediates cellular functions, regulates the substances that enter and leave the cell. The majority of the plasma membrane is composed of lipids (phospholipids as well as cholesterol), proteins, as well as carbohydrate groups linked to some of the lipids and proteins. Phospholipids are lipids made up of glycerol, two fatty acid tails, as well as a phosphate-linked head group.
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what is the difference between invasive and noninvasive healthcare diagnostic techniques?
Answer: This is a huge category and includes almost all major surgeries and many diagnostic tests. If it leaves a scar, it is most likely an invasive procedure. Invasive procedures may be required to remove a tumor, repair a broken bone, or stop internal bleeding. Of course, these are just three examples: there are literally dozens of other indications for invasive procedures. Non-invasive procedures are also quite common.
Explanation: I hope it serves you
Answer: The major difference between invasive and non-invasive tests is that invasive tests are done by cutting or entering a body part using medical instruments, whereas non-invasive tests do not require breaking the skin or entering the body. Non-invasive tests include deep palpation, x-rays, and checking blood pressure.
Explanation:
see above.
Explain radiometric dating. Provide an example of how this process is used to determine absolute age.
Radiometric dating is a method of determining how old something (perhaps a wooden artifact, stone, or fossil) is based on the presence of radioactive isotopes.
The basic logic behind radiometric dating is to determine the age of the sample by comparing the presence of radioisotopes in the sample to their known abundances and known half-lives (decay rates) on Earth.
Radiometric dating helps determine the age of ancient objects because many radioactive materials decay slowly. Rock age is determined by radiometric dating, which examines the proportions of two different isotopes in the sample.
Because radioactive isotopes decay at predictable rates, geologists can use instruments like this thermal ionization mass spectrometer to date samples. The half-life of an element is the time it takes for exactly half the amount of that element to decay. The age of a sample can be determined from the ratio of parent and daughter isotopes in the sample.
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Which of the following factors contribute to the spread of diseases?A. All of theseB. Poor public health measuresC. Evolution of microbesD. Climate change
The fast spread of diseases is due to the lack of hygiene, the poor salubrity in public spaces, and the contamination of food and water.
Climate change is mainly due to the high concentration of greenhouse gases, and those in high concentrations have demonstrated adverse effects on health.
The fact that drugs are getting less effective in stopping the spread of diseases, and eradicating them, also makes the disease harder to control. And also, some mutations of the microbes can contribute to their ability to infect, and therefore spread the disease.
All of the factors contribute to the harder control of diseases, and might as well help them to spread. Therefore, the answer is A.
According to Newton’s first law of motion, when will an object at rest begin to move?
when its inertia decreases to zero
Answer:
Newton's first law states that an object will remain at rest or move at a constant speed in a straight line unless it is acted on by an unbalanced force. According to Newton's first law, an unbalanced force is needed to move the book on your desk.
Explanation:
Thus, according to Newton's first law of motion, an object at rest begins to move when an unbalanced force acts upon it.
What did West Virginia change in its constitution compared to that of Virginia?
West Virginia compared to that of Virginia does not feature a process for initiated constitutional amendments in their constitution.
What is constitution?A constitution is described as the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organization or other type of entity and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed.
The state of west Virginia has some differences in their constitutional amendment processes which is means that they do not feature the process for initiated constitution amendment.
Therefore in conclusion, amendments in West Virginia can only be put on the ballot done either through referral by the legislature or by a constitutional convention.
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Which of the following answer choices BEST supports the idea that most attempts by scientists to create new elements will fail?
The answer choice which best supports the idea that most attempts by scientists to create new chemical elements will fail is that: (D) scientists have to repeat their experiments an enormous number of times; if it works once it's seen as a success.
What is a chemical element?A chemical element can be defined as a pure substance that comprises atoms having the same atomic number (number of protons) in its nuclei and as such, it is the primary constituent of matter. Also, a common characteristics for all chemical elements found on the periodic table is mass and volume.
In Chemistry, some examples of a chemical element include the following:
Carbon (C)Oxygen (O)Argon (Ar)Sodium (Na)Potassium (K)Mercury (Hg) Hydrogen (H)Zinc (Zn)In this scenario, we can reasonably infer and logically deduce that a statement which indicates that an attempt by scientists to create new chemical elements will fail is stating that "scientists have to repeat their experiments an enormous number of times; if it works once it's seen as a success." because an experiment to create new chemical elements must be tested and they all should have multiple successful results.
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Complete Question:
Which of the following answer choices BEST supports the idea that most attempts by scientists to create new elements will fail?
(A) Scientists have to create a target with a carefully chosen atom; this is a process that takes months.
(B) Scientists have to smash atoms together and get them to stick; a positive charge makes them repel each other.
(C) Scientists have to bombard particles with specific protons; specialized atoms combine with neutrons.
(D) Scientists have to repeat their experiments an enormous number of times; if it works once it's seen as a success
Relate dark matter to the development of the universe after the Big Bang. In 3-5 sentences, speculate on how the development of the universe would have been different if there had been no dark matter. In your answer, use the term structures.
The development of the universe would not be able to move or function if there had been no dark matter.
What is Universe?This is referred to as the space, energy and matter present in space and is also everything we can feel, touch or see. Examples of the constituents include stars, planet etc and they have their unique properties and functions.
Without the presence of the dark matter in the universe, there will be no formation of the larger versions of those galaxies and the universe won't be able to move or function thereby making it the correct choice.
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During the reproduction stage of the lytic cycle, what happens?
Answer: Reproduction of viruses using host cells
Explanation: In the lytic cycle the viruses introduces its genome into a host cell and initiates replication by introducing itself into the host cellular machinery and makes copies of itself and developes its own mechanism. Once introduced virus particles are released through lysis of the host cell into surrounding waters and produces its effects.
I don’t understand this question
Answer:
Explanation:
which question do you not understand?
if you write the question you do not understand, I can help you
At the end of the electron transport chain, where is the light energy that was absorbed and converted by chlorophyll stored?.
It is stored in the reduced molecule NADPH and ATP energy released from transfer of electrons establishes a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane.
What benefits does chlorophyll provide to your body?Supplement manufacturers assert that chlorophyll has a wide range of benefits, including the ability to increase red blood cells, aid in weight reduction, mend damaged skin, remove toxins, reduce inflammation, and prevent cancer. It's an amazing list, yet only a few of the assertions are supported by research.
Can chlorophyll lead to thinning hair?Chlorophyll can support healthy hair as part of a balanced diet. It does have anti-aging antioxidants, which may decrease hair loss brought on by aging scalp cells.
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Defend your claim- What is crossing over?
When the chromosomes in a sex cell exchange genetic material during Meiosis I.
When the chromosomes in a sex cell randomly sort to different ends of the cell
during Anaphase I and Anaphase II.
When two sex cells combine to create a zygote, combining the unique genetic
code from each cell during fertilization.
When two sex cells cross paths and exchange genetic material during sexual
reproduction.
When the chromosomes in a sex cell exchange genetic material during Meiosis I. this is called crossing over.
What is crossing over?Crossing over in meiosis is the exchange of genetic material or chromosome segments between non-sister chromatids. This happens when homologous regions on corresponding chromosomes exchange with one another.
Significance:
The process of evolution depends on crossing across.
Genetic maps can be constructed thanks to its frequency.
It results in a novel gene combination.
What is chromosome?The thread-like chromosomes found in the nucleus are responsible for transmitting genetic material from one generation to the next. Cell division, inheritance, variation, mutation, repair, and regeneration all depend on them.
In eukaryotic cells, the genetic material is contained in chromosomes, which are composed of highly structured DNA molecules and supported by histone proteins.
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Explain how physical and
computer models can help
design a solution for an
ecological problem.
The physical and computer models can help design a solution for an ecological problem by showing the problem in the form of the model.
Why are models useful for ecological systems?Modeling provides possibilities for the exploration of ideas that are not easily pursued through field experimentation and in the laboratory. Ecologists use models to simulate the systems they study and to investigate theories of the way those systems operate. An ecosystem model is a collection of mathematical representations of an ecological system. There are three types of ecological models i.e. temporal, spatial, and spatial-dynamic.
So we can conclude that with the help of a model the problem can be shown so we can say that physical and computer models can help design a solution for an ecological problem.
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how does facilitated diffusion differ from simple
Answer: in facilitated diffusion there are a specialized membrane channels.
Explanation:
What happens directly after anaphase?
• A. Metaphase
• B. Interphase
• C. Telophase
O D. Prophase
(C) Telophase happens directly after Anaphase.
Telophase is the last phase of the M-phase of cell division. It occurs in both mitosis as well as meiosis. It is the termination phase where the divided chromosomes reach on the poles and start to unwind, the mitotic spindle disassembles and all the cell organelles reappear.
Anaphase is the third phase of the M-phase of cell cycle. In this phase the actual separation of the chromosomes occurs in the opposite poles so that each daughter cell gets its share of genetic material. The mitotic spindles remain attached to the chromosomes during anaphase.
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in the light dependent reactions, when light strikes the pigments and excided electrons are passed to p700 or p680 chlorophyll molecules what is the immediate result? excited electrons are passed to electron acceptors electrons are fused to form atp glucose is produced carbon fixation occurs
In light-dependent reactions, when light strikes the pigments and excited electrons are passed to p700 or p680 chlorophyll molecules, chlorophyll absorbs energy from sunlight and then converts it into chemical energy with the use of water.
Within the light-dependent responses, which take put in the thylakoid film, chlorophyll absorbs energy from daylight and after that changes over it into chemical vitality with the utilization of water.
The light-dependent responses discharge oxygen as a byproduct as water is broken and separated.
Each photosystem is adjusted by the light-harvesting complex, which passes vitality from daylight to the response center. It comprises numerous radio wire proteins that contain a blend of 300–400 chlorophyll a and b particles as well as other colors like carotenoids.
The photon causes an electron within the chlorophyll to end up “excited.” The vitality given to the electron permits it to break free from a molecule of the chlorophyll atom.
Chlorophyll is in this manner said to “donate” an electron. The retention of a single photon or particular amount or “packet” of light by any of the chlorophylls pushes that particle into an energized state.
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What do we call the specialized neurons in the occipital lobe’s visual cortex that respond to particular edges, lines, angles, and movements?.
We call specialized neurons in the occipital lobe’s visual cortex that respond to particular edges, lines, angles, and movements "feature detectors".
What are feature detectors?
Feature detectors are neurons present in the central nervous system, more specifically the brain. They efficiently receive visual information and respond to specific features, such as lines, edges, angles, movement, etc.
What makes these neurons special is the way they help the body respond to some type of visual stimulus that has unique characteristics.
In summary, feature detectors made it possible for humans to identify the shape of an object. A football goal keeper, for example, can easily identify a fast moving round ball and predict the angle to fly so as to complete a save. Identifying that round ball and the angle it is coming at is the function of feature detectors.
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Suppose a double-stranded molecule similar to dna replicates itself, such that one molecule contains two old strands and the other molecule contains two new strands. Such replication would be an instance of _______ replication.
Such replication would be an instance of conservative replication.
The correct option is B.
What is the term for DNA replication?Additionally, in vitro DNA replication (DNA amplification) is possible (artificially, outside a cell). Starting DNA synthesis at recognized sequences in a template DNA molecule is possible using artificial DNA primers and cell-isolated DNA polymerases.
What is the importance of DNA replication?Before dividing, cells must copy their DNA. This promotes successful inheritance of genetic features by giving each daughter cell a copy of the genome. The fundamental mechanism of DNA replication is similar across all organisms, making it a crucial operation.
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The complete question is -
Suppose a double-stranded molecule similar to DNA replicates itself, such that one molecule contains two old strands and the other molecule contains two new strands. Such replication would be an instance of _______ replication.
a. semiconservative
b. conservative
c. dispersive
d. exact
e. complementary
as a breeder of purebred dogs, your dogs have been plagued with a recessive genetic defect that is not lethal, but is undesirable. you mate a male to an affected female (she actually has the genetic defect, but is capable of reproducing) and obtain a litter of 8 normal pups (none of the pups exhibit the genetic defect). what should you conclude?
genetic study that sought to tie the behavior of various dog breeds to their ancestry. The percentage of purebred dogs was around 50%, with the other dogs being "mutts." For specific breeds, some of the outcomes were relatively predictable, while many results showed no association.
For instance, Belgian shepherds, Border Collies (a type of herding dog), and Hungarian Viszla dogs shown the highest association between genetics and the capacity for understanding human speech and obeying directions (a trait known as biddability) (a hunting dog). Additionally, owners were asked to provide a list of other habits, and the researchers looked to see whether there were any genetic ties to those behaviors. "Doesn't bury toys" was a resoundingly favorable response, considering only 90% of Greyhounds do this. "Gets caught behind objects" (linked to genes for cognitive ability) and "howling" were the two negative behaviors most frequently mentioned as having a significant genetic component (near a gene involved in speech and language).
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Humans are omnivores as shown by the type ofa. enzymes secreted in saliva b. urine they produce c. teeth they have d. taste buds they have
Answer
C - teeth they have
Explanation
Answer:
C. Teeth they have
Explanation:
Carnivores, herbivores and omnivores may have some similarities in the shape and size of teeth, but each have teeth that are specifically adapted to the drastically different diets these animals consume.
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1. "structure maximizes function." Explain this statement.
2. what are the advantages of the spermatheca in an insect?
3. what does hermaphroditism mean? Cite examples of hermaphroditic animals.
1) The structure in an organism is built so as to allow it to do the very reason why it is present in the organism.
2) The spermatheca helps in the storage of sp--erms
3) The possession of the male and female reproductive systems is called hermaphroditism.
What is structure in an organism?1) We know that biological organism are quite complex in the way that they are designed. There are so many structures that we can find in the organism. These are the various kinds of arrangements that we see in the body of the organism that are there to perform various tasks in the living organism. It is also common that nature crafts the structure so that it can be able to perform the role that it is supposed to perform.
2) The structure that is called the spermatheca is mostly found in the insect. It is one of the structures that plays a very essential role in the insect. In the female insect, the structure could be used in the storage of sp--erms.
3) A hermaphroditic organisms has both male and female reproductive systems. An example of a hermaphroditic organism is the worm.
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(20!!! PLS)Select the type of inheritance pattern that is best described below:
In addition to the A and B molecules found on the surface of red blood cells, humans also have M and N molecules. The genotype LMLM produces the M phenotype. The genotype LNLN gives the N phenotype. Individuals of genotype LMLN have both kinds of molecules on their red blood cells, and their phenotype is MN.
a. Incomplete Dominance
b. Codominance
c. Multiple Alleles
d. Polygenic Inheritance
e. Pleiotropy
Codominance is the type of inheritance pattern that is best described below.
Codominance, refers to a type of inheritance in which two alleles of the same gene are expressed separately to yield different traits in an individual.
The best example of codominance is ABO blood group. ABO blood grouping is controlled by gene I which has three alleles A, B, and O and show codominance. Codominant expression occurs when two different alleles are inherited at the same genetic location, and the products of both of the alleles are expressed. Codominance is the most common pattern in blood group genetics.
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sam and diane are carriers of the recessive allele causing tay-sachs disease, which is lethal in early childhood. if they have a healthy child, what is the percent chance that this child is not a carrier of tay-sachs disease?
The chances of Sam and Diane's healthy child not carrying Tay-Sachs disease will be 75 percent.
The Tay-Sachs infection is caused by a change in the HEXA gene. Tay–Sachs illness is an autosomal passive hereditary clutter, meaning that when both guardians are carriers, there's a 25% hazard of giving birth to an influenced child with each pregnancy.
A changed duplicate of the quality is passed from each parent to the influenced child. The causes are hereditary.
Tay-Sachs disease is a metabolic hereditary clutter that appears a dynamic weakening of mental and physical capacities due to nerve harm in the brain and spinal rope. It comes about in loss of muscle control and the long run, leads to visual impairment, loss of motion, and passing.
In this case, Sam and Diane have the recessive alleles for Tay-Sachs disease, so the healthy baby will have a 75percent chance of not having the disease.
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2 DNA replication and cell division are two major events in the cell cycle. Which statement
best describes the relationship of DNA replication and cell division?
F Cell division and DNA replication occur at the same time in eukaryotic cells.
G Cell division occurs before DNA replication in prokaryotic cells.
H DNA replication and cell division occur at different times in prokaryotic cells.
DNA replication occurs before cell division in eukaryotic cells.
(B.
Answer:
DNA replication occurs before cell division in eukaryotic cells.
Explanation: