What Is the ionic equation for 4HCl (aq) + MnO₂ (s) -> MnCl₂ (aq) + 2H₂O (l) + Cl₂ (g)?

In Niger State, Nigeria, there is a deposit of clay similar to kaolin that has a lot of promise for use in pollution control processes including wastewater treatment.

This study looks into the ideal settings for Kpautagi clay modification for use in treating the effluent from refineries. The clay was modified using sulphuric acid, and the modification factors taken into account were acid concentration, activation time, and temperature.

The sulphuric acid-modified Kpautagi clay was used in the treatment of refinery wastewater in column mode at a fixed flow rate and mass of adsorbent to establish the best conditions for the modification variables.

The results show that 4M acid concentration, 120min of activation time, and 100°C activation temperature are the best conditions for modifying Kpautagi clay for use in the treatment of petroleum refinery wastewater.

As a result, the best conditions discovered in this work for Kpautagi clay modification could be used to treat wastewater from petroleum refineries more effectively.

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If a 28.00 gram sample containing 22.90 grams carbon and 5.10 grams hydrogen , then the empirical formula is CH3 .

The empirical formula, which is defined as the ratio of subscripts of the least whole number of the elements present in the formula, is the simplest formula for a compound. The simplest formula is another name for it.

The formula of a material expressed with the smallest integer subscript is referred to as an empirical formula for a compound.

The empirical formula provides details regarding the ratio of atom counts in the molecule. A compound's % composition directly determines its empirical formula.

Given ,

the mass of the sample of hydrogen and oxygen is 28g .

the mass of carbon in that sample is 22.9g

the mass of hydrogen in that sample is 5.1g

We know ,

the molecular mass of carbon is 12g

thus , 12g of carbon contains 1 mol

22.9g of carbon contains 22.9/12 = 1.9mol

the molecular mass of hydrogen is 1g

1g of hydrogen contains 1mol

5.1g of hydrogen contains 5.1mol

now , the mole ratio of carbon to hydrogen is

= C:H = 1.9/5.1 = 0.37 = 1:3

Hence , the empirical formula is CH3 .

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Answer:

I catalyst promoter is the answer

C) It will continue on its own once begun is true for spontaneous processes.

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When a molecule lacks polar bonds, there is no permanent charge difference between parts of the molecule, and the molecule is nonpolar.

Because the electron charge on both atoms is identical, the Cl2 molecule has no polar bonds. As a result, it is a nonpolar molecule. Hydrocarbons are nonpolar molecular substances because none of the bonds in hydrocarbon molecules, such as hexane, C6H14, are significantly polar.

The molecule is nonpolar if the arrangement is symmetrical and the arrows are of equal length. The molecule is polar if the arrows are of different lengths and do not balance each other. The molecule is polar if the arrangement is asymmetrical.

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Answer:

Globalization has many benefits, such as the increased flow of goods, services, capital, and people across borders. This has resulted in increased trade and investment, which has led to higher economic growth rates and improved standards of living around the world.

Explanation:

have a good day

The equivalent absolute temperature when it condenses will be 27.25K. and freezes at 24.65K.

To find equivalent absolute temperatures we have to use the following equation:

0°C + 273.15 = 273.15K

The main idea is to convert degree Celsius to Kelvin.

In this manner, we are going make utilize of the over condition and space within the values for at degree Celsius at which it condenses and at degree Celsius at which it solidifies.

So, the temperature at which it condenses:

-245.9°C + 273.15 = 27.25K.

Also, the temperature at which it freezes.

-248.5°C + 273.15 = 24.65K.

Absolute temperature is utilized in the application of the perfect gas law and numerous other laws of thermodynamics.

A scale for outright temperature with degree units the same as on the Celsius scale is known as the Kelvin scale; the temperature scale utilizing Fahrenheit degree units is the Rankine scale.

Appropriately, a temperature distinction of one degree on the Celsius scale compares to a temperature contrast of one degree on the Kelvin scale; additionally for the Fahrenheit and Rankine scales.

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Although part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this full question:

Substances like neon, which is a gas at room temperature and pressure, can often be liquified or solidified only at very low temperatures. At a pressure of 1 atm, Ne does not condense to a liquid until -245.9°C and does not freeze until -248.5°C. What are the equivalent absolute temperatures?

To condense: __K

To freeze: __ K

The general period and group trends among the main-group elements with respect to each of the following properties are as follows:

Periodic trends are the trends followed by the properties of the elements going down a group or across a period in the periodic table.

The properties of elements that show periodic trends include:

a. atomic radii - the size of an atom of an element

b. first ionization energy - the energy required to remove a valence electron

c. electron affinity - the energy required to add an electron to a neutral atom

d. ionic radii - the size of the ion of an element

e. electronegativity - the ability to attract electrons

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Type of evidence can be pulled from both a computer and a portable device is images, text history, GPS coordinates

Computer is the machine that can store and process the information and it is an electronic device that manipulate information or data and type of  evidence can be pulled and collected from digital device is

The above all examples of information that can obtained from electric devices

Therefore, the digital evidence can be pulled from both a computer and a portable device is  images, text history, GPS coordinates

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There is  5.8 %  of NaOCl in the sample.

The oxidation of hypochlorite is the first process, which goes as follows:

OCl^- + 2I^- + 2H^+ -----> I2 + Cl2 + H2O

Iodine and sodium thiosulfate react in the second stage as follows:

I2 + 2NaS2O3 -----> Na2S4O6 + 2NaI

Thiosulfate moles = 0.150 M * 0.890/1000 L = 1.335 * 10-4 moles.

Since 2 molecules of thiosulfate react with 1 mole of I2,

1.335 * 10-4 moles of thiosulfate and x moles of I2 react.

x = 1.335 * 10-4 moles/2 moles times one mole.

Iodine equivalent to 6.675 x 10-5 moles

6.675 * 10-5 moles of hypochlorite were reacted because 1 mole of hypochlorite yields 1 mole of iodine.

Therefore, the mass of NaOCl is equal to 4.97 * 10-3 g (6.675 * 10-5 moles * 74.44 g/mole).

5.8% of NaOCl is equal to 4.97 * 10-3 g/0.0854 g * 100/1.

NaOCl makes up 5.8% of the sample.

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As per the chemical reaction ,sodium hydroxide can be used for neutralization of sulfuric acid as,2 NaOH+H₂SO₄[tex]\rightarrow[/tex]Na₂SO₄ +2 H₂O.

Chemical reactions are defined as reactions which occur when a substance combines with another substance to form a new substance.Alternatively, when a substance breaks down or decomposes to give new substances it is also considered to be a chemical reaction.

There are several characteristics of chemical reactions like change in color, change in state , change in odor and change in composition . During chemical reaction there is also formation of precipitate an insoluble mass of substance or even evolution of gases.

There are three types of chemical reactions:

1) inorganic reactions

2)organic reactions

3) biochemical reactions

During chemical reactions atoms are rearranged and changes are accompanied by an energy change as new substances are formed.

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Answer: 0.01175

Explanation:

Sodium and lithium have similar chemical properties because both sodium and lithium have one valence electron

Chemical properties is the characteristics of particular substances that can be observed in a chemical reaction and the valence shell electrons in an atom determine the way it will interact with neighboring atoms and therefore determine its chemical properties and both sodium and lithium have one valence electron they share similar chemical properties and element sodium and lithium belong to group IA of the periodic table and the main characteristics is the a single electron in their outermost shell

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There is only one sodium ion for every chlorine ion due to its valency.

The number of electrons that an atom needs to lose or gain in order to achieve a stable electron configuration i.e the octet of an element is known as the valency of an element, which serves as a gauge of that element's potential for combining.

The valency of Sodium (Na) is 1 and that of chlorine (Cl) is also one. therefore they combine to form a stable compound. The same rule follows in the compound formed by Potassium (K) and Oxygen(O) also. The valency of oxygen is 2 which means that it should be surrounded by 2 potassium ions to provide electrons to fulfill both the elements' octets.

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Answer: Yes

Explanation: More reactive metals in the reactivity series can displace copper from copper oxide just leaving copper on its own after the reaction. But usually, carbon is used to displace copper as its safe and more reactive.

The given statement exists as false. The temperature at which a liquid's vapor pressure equals the pressure of the gas above it exists comprehended as the boiling point of the liquid.

The temperature at which a liquid's vapor pressure equals the pressure around it and the liquid transforms into a vapor is known as the boiling point of a substance. A liquid's boiling point varies depending on the atmospheric pressure in the area.

The temperature at which a liquid's vapor pressure equals the pressure of the gas above it exists comprehended as the boiling point of the liquid. The temperature at which a liquid's vapor pressure equals one atmosphere is considered the liquid's typical boiling point (760 torr).

The element with the lowest temperature at which an element would smolder is helium, and the element with the highest temperature is tungsten. The melting point is measured in degrees Celsius (C).

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The percent ionization in the nitrous acid solution is 1.97% before, and 0.0999% after the addition of sodium nitrate, which lowered the ionization 19.7 times.

To calculate percent ionization, we need to use the expression for the acidity constant of nitrous acid:

[tex]Ka = \frac{[H^{+} ][NO_{2} ^{-} ]}{[HNO_{2} ]}[/tex]

Ka - acidity constant (for nitrous acid, 7.1 * 10⁻⁴)

[H⁺] - concentration of H⁺ ions

[NO₂⁻] - concentration of nitrite ions

[HNO₂] - concentration of unionized nitrous acid

[H⁺] = [NO₂⁻]

[HNO₂] = 1.80 M - X

[tex]7.1 * 10^{-4} = \frac{X^{2} }{1.80 - X}[/tex]

When we transform the equation above, we get a quadratic equation:

X² + 7.1 * 10⁻⁴X - 12.78 * 10⁻⁴ = 0

Once we solve for X, we get:

X = 0.0354 M

Because the concentration of H⁺ ions (X) is equal to the concentration of the ionized nitrous acid, the percent ionization will be:

%ion = 100% * X / 1.80 M

%ion = 100% * 0.0354 M / 1.80 M

%ion = 1.97%

The second calculation is actually easier because we can safely assume that, with added sodium nitrite, all nitrite ions come from the salt, and the amount coming from the acid is negligible. With that in mind, the expression for the acidity constant will look like this:

[tex]7.1 * 10^{-4} = \frac{X * 0.71 }{1.80 M - X}[/tex]

When rearranged, we get this equation:

0.71 * X = 12.78 * 10⁻⁴ M - 7.1 * 10⁻⁴X

0.71071 X = 12.78 * 10⁻⁴ M

X = 12.78 * 10⁻⁴ M / 0.71071

X = 0.001798 M

%ion = 100% * 0.001798 M / 1.80 M

%ion = 0.0999%

So the addition of sodium nitrite resulted in 1.97 / 0.0999 = 19.7 times lower ionization of the nitrous acid.

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Answer

1.0 mol

Explanation

Given:

Volume, V = 5.0 L

Temperature, T = 215 K

Pressure, P = 342 kPa

The gas constant, R = 8.31 L kPa/mol K

What to find:

The number of moles of the gas sample.

Step-step-solution:

The number of moles of the gas can be determine using the ideal gas equation formula:

Put the given values into the formula and calculate for n:

The number of moles of the gas sample is 1.0 mol.

Alanine is a member of the twenty key amino acids which might be used by our bodies to make proteins: Pyrrolysine (not utilized in human protein synthesis). of those 20 amino acids, nine amino acids are crucial: Phenylalanine. Valine. Tryptophan.

Alanine is an amino acid that is used to make proteins. it's miles used to break down tryptophan and diet B-6. it's miles a source of power for muscle mass and the central fearful gadget. It strengthens the immune device and helps the frame use sugars.

Alanine, or α-alanine, is an α-amino acid this is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an amine organization and a carboxylic acid organization, both connected to the valuable carbon atom which also contains a methyl institution facet chain. Alanine is an amino acid this is used to make proteins. it's miles used to interrupt down tryptophan and diet B-6. it's miles a supply of electricity for muscle tissue and the critical apprehensive gadget. It strengthens the immune system and allows the frame to use sugars.

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The Vapour pressure of the solution is 99.56 torr

The saturated vapour pressure of the solution maybe lower then the pressure of pure solvent in solution. It is equal to the vapour pressure of the pure solvent at the same temperature scaled by mole fraction of solvent stated by Rault's Law.  

P(solution) = mol fraction of solvent × P° ( solvent)

given, pressure of pure toulene = 40.2 torr

pressure of pure cyclohexane = 125 torr

∴ P (solution) = 0.3 × 40.2 + 0.7 × 125

P (solution) = 99.56 torr

hence, vapour pressure is calculated to be 99.56 torr.

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Answer:

5, the last would be incomplete

Explanation:

The first, inner cloud has 2 electrons, then 8, then 8, then 8, then 3.

Answer:

Problems of Using Ionic and Covalent Compounds in Medicine

Stomach pain.

Nausea.

Vomiting.

Heartburn.

Gas.

Constipation.

Diarrhea.

0.50 mol of H₂ and 1.0 mol of O₂ have the same average molecular kinetic energy at standard temperature and pressure

Mass of H₂ and O₂ can be found by the formula given below;

m=n × M

mass of H₂= 0.50 × 2= 1g

mass of O₂=1.0 ×16= 16g

The formula to find average kinetic energy is as follows

K=[tex]\frac{3}{2}[/tex]K[tex]B}[/tex]T where K[tex]{B}[/tex]= Boltzmann constant

According to the conditions given above i.e standard temperature and pressure.

K∝T

So it is independent of the quantity of the sample i.e how much the amount of sample is present.  

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Liquid water has one of the highest specific heat capacities among common substances, about 4184 J⋅kg−1⋅K−1 at 20 °C; but that of ice, just below 0 °C, is only 2093 J⋅kg−1⋅K−1. The specific heat capacities of iron, granite, and hydrogen gas are about 449 J⋅kg−1⋅K−1, 790 J⋅kg−1⋅K−1, and 14300 J⋅kg−1⋅K−1, respectively.

The amount of heat required to increase the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius (°C) is known as specific heat. Since water has a higher specific heat than other substances, it requires more energy to raise its temperature.

The heat capacity of a sample of a substance is divided by the mass of the sample to produce the specific heat capacity (symbol cp), also known as massif heat capacity. Informally, it is the quantity of heat that must be added to one unit of a substance's mass in order to raise its temperature by one unit. joule per kelvin per kilogram is the specific heat capacity unit in the SI.

A substance's specific heat capacity may be substantially higher when heated in an open vessel that permits expansion than when heated in a closed vessel that prevents expansion, especially when the substance is a gas (specific heat capacity at constant pressure) (specific heat capacity at constant volume).

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Answer: The mass percent of copper in copper chloride is 47.23 %.

The condensed form of Sb in order of increasing orbital energy is [Kr] 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p³

Sb (Antimony) is a metalloid with atomic number 51. The electronic configuration of antimony is 1s² 2s²p⁶ 3s²p⁶d¹⁰ 4s²p⁶d¹⁰5s²p³

As you can see, the normal notation of electronic configuration is lengthy. Condensed or abbreviated form of the configuration would be preferred to normal lengthy electronic configuration for representation.

In condensed form, in place of completely filled subshells with configuration that is similar to noble gas is represented by the symbol of that particular inert gas / noble gas. The symbol would be represented inside square brackets.

The electronic configuration of Krypton, a noble gas is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶.

Therefore, Sb can be expressed in condensed form as [Kr] 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p³. As observed, 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ in Sb is expressed as Kr followed by the remaining electronic configuration in Sb in order of increasing orbital energy.

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The number of atoms of hydrogen contained in the molecular formula of the compound is 6 atoms

We'll begin by obtaining the formula of the compound. This can be obtained as follow:

Divide by their molar mass

C = 92.3 / 12 = 7.7

H = 7.7 / 1 = 7.7

Divide by the smallest

C = 7.7 / 7.7 = 1

H = 7.7 / 7.7 = 1

Thus, the empirical formula of the compound is CH

Finally, we shall determin the number of atoms of hydrogen present in the compound. This can obtained as follow:

When 1 atom of carbon was present, 1 atom of hydrogen was also present.

Therefore,

When 6 atoms of carbon is present, then 6 atoms of hydrogen are also present.

Thus, we can conclude that the number of atoms of hydrogen is 6 atoms

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The [tex]K_{a}[/tex] of phenylacetic acid is  4.76008×[tex]10^{-5}[/tex], when the pH of the solution is 2.62.

As we know,

pH = -log[[tex]H^{+}[/tex]]

[[tex]H^{+}[/tex]] = [tex]10^{-pH}[/tex]

[[tex]H^{+}[/tex]] = [tex]10^{-2.62}[/tex]

[[tex]H^{+}[/tex]] = 2.39×[tex]10^{-3}[/tex]

Also to find [tex]K_{a}[/tex] of phenylacetic acid we know another relation as:

[[tex]H^{+}[/tex]] = [tex]\sqrt{K_{a} .c}[/tex]

2.39×[tex]10^{-3}[/tex] =  [tex]\sqrt{K_{a} .0.12}[/tex]

[tex]K_{a}[/tex] = 4.76008×[tex]10^{-5}[/tex]

Therefore, the [tex]K_{a}[/tex] of phenylacetic acid is  4.76008×[tex]10^{-5}[/tex], when the pH of the solution is 2.62.

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