what is the relative permittivity of the dielectric medium in which the electromagnetic wave traveling g

The electric power used by the heat pump to deliver 19.0 kJ/s of heat energy to the house is 3.50 kW.

To find out the electric power used by a heat pump to deliver 19.0 kJ/s of heat energy to the house, we need to use the formula: P = Q/t

where P is the electric power used, Q is the heat energy delivered, and t is the time taken to deliver that heat energy.

We know that Q = 19.0 kJ/s, but we don't know the time taken t, so we need to find that out.

The time t can be calculated using the formula:t = Q / m

where m is the rate of heat transfer of the heat pump.

We are given that the heat pump has a coefficient of performance of 3.5. This means that for every 1 kW of electric power used by the heat pump, it delivers 3.5 kW of heat energy to the house.

Therefore, the rate of heat transfer of the heat pump is:m = 3.5 kW / 1 kW = 3.5So, t = Q / m = 19.0 kJ/s / 3.5 kW = 5.43 s

Now that we know the time taken t, we can find out the electric power used P using the formula:P = Q/t = 19.0 kJ/s / 5.43 s = 3.50 kW

Therefore, the electric power used by the heat pump to deliver 19.0 kJ/s of heat energy to the house is 3.50 kW.

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You have learned that in the earth-moon system, the gravitational pull of earth's tidal bulges causes the moon to spiral away from earth. since triton has a retrograde orbit, this affects the neptune-triton system to be unstable, making it difficult for the other moons to maintain stable orbits.

Triton is a large moon of Neptune, about 1,680 miles (2,700 kilometers) in diameter. Its orbit is tilted and is also in the opposite direction of the other moons in the solar system's plane. Triton's orbit is retrograde, which means it is moving in the opposite direction to Neptune's rotation. When an object orbits in the opposite direction to the rotation of the planet it orbits, it is said to have a retrograde orbit. This is because the gravitational attraction between the two objects is weaker when they are moving in opposite directions. Because of this, Triton's retrograde orbit has a destabilizing effect on Neptune's other satellites.

The retrograde orbit of Triton causes the Neptune-Triton system to be unstable, making it difficult for the other moons to maintain stable orbits. The gravitational force of Triton is pulling away at the other moons, causing them to move erratically, some being pushed further away from Neptune and others being pulled closer. In addition to the destabilizing effect, Triton's retrograde orbit has caused it to move closer to Neptune over time, where it is thought that it will eventually break apart, forming a ring around the planet.

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To meet all your household energy requirements from solar energy with a 14% efficiency, you will need a solar collector area of approximately 28.57 square meters.

To determine the area of solar collector required to meet your household energy requirements, we can use the following formula:

Collector area = Power requirement / (Solar irradiance x Efficiency)

Where,

Power requirement = 4.0 kW

Efficiency = 14% = 0.14 (as given)

Solar irradiance = average solar irradiance on a surface perpendicular to the sun's rays is approximately 1000 W/m² (at sea level on a clear day)

Plugging in the values, we get:

Collector area = 4.0 kW / (1000 W/m² x 0.14)

Collector area = 28.57 m²

Solar energy refers to the radiant light and heat that is emitted by the sun and captured using various technologies such as solar panels and solar thermal collectors. This energy can then be converted into electricity or used directly for heating and cooling purposes.

Solar energy is a renewable and abundant source of energy, and it is a clean alternative to traditional fossil fuels that release harmful emissions into the environment. It also provides energy independence and reduces dependence on foreign oil.

Solar energy has many applications, ranging from powering homes and businesses to providing electricity for remote areas without access to traditional power grids. It is also used in the transportation sector, with solar-powered vehicles and charging stations becoming increasingly popular.

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The force constant of a spring, or spring constant, is  3958.33 kn/m

The force constant of a spring, or spring constant, is a measure of the stiffness of a spring.

The force constant of a spring, the equation F = kx is used, where F is the force applied to the spring, k is the force constant, and x is the amount of displacement.

The force applied to the spring is 475 j and the displacement is 12 cm.

k = F/x = 475 j/0.12 m = 3958.33 kn/m

This means that for every 1 meter the spring is displaced, it exerts a force of 3958.33 kn. The higher the force constant, the more stiff the spring is, meaning that more force is needed to displace the spring.

A  spring with a lower force constant is more flexible, meaning that less force is needed to displace it.

The force constant of a spring is an important factor to consider when designing mechanical systems, as it determines how much force is needed to displace the spring.

It is also important for predicting the amount of force a spring can apply to a given displacement, which is necessary for applications such as machines and vehicles.

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Assuming both rocks are thrown from the same height and with the same initial speed, the rock thrown vertically downward will have a larger velocity upon hitting the ground than the rock thrown vertically upward.

This is because the rock thrown upward will lose speed as it moves against the force of gravity. Eventually, the upward motion will be slowed down until the rock reaches the highest point in its trajectory, where it momentarily stops and changes direction. From that point, the rock will accelerate downward, gaining speed as it falls back to the ground. However, the time spent traveling upward and the time spent traveling downward will not be the same, since the upward portion of the trajectory will be slower due to gravity slowing the rock's ascent. This means that the rock thrown upward will have a lower speed when it hits the ground compared to the rock thrown downward.

On the other hand, the rock thrown downward will experience the force of gravity pulling it towards the ground, causing it to accelerate and gain speed as it falls. Since it is initially moving downward, it will not slow down until it hits the ground, meaning that it will have a higher velocity upon impact than the rock thrown upward.

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Momentum is not always conserved in real-life situations because external forces can act on a system and change its momentum.

For example, when two cars collide, friction and air resistance can cause the momentum of the system to change. Similarly, when a ball is thrown in the air, gravity and air resistance act on it and cause its momentum to change. Other factors such as deformation, energy loss, and imperfect collisions can also cause momentum to be lost or gained. Therefore, while momentum is a useful concept in physics, it is important to consider the impact of external factors when analyzing real-world situations.

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The mass of the child is 45.9 kg. Therefore, the answer is option D.

Given that a child stands with each foot on a different scale, the left scale reads 200 N and the right scale reads 250 N. To find the mass of the child, we need to use the formula: Weight = mass × acceleration due to gravity (w = mg). The acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m/s². Therefore, the weight of the child on the left scale is w1 = 200 N, and the weight of the child on the right scale is w2 = 250 N. We can use these two weights to calculate the mass of the child. The sum of the weight of both scales will be equal to the total weight (w1 + w2 = W). Therefore, the total weight of the child is:

W = 200 N + 250 N= 450 N

We have the total weight of the child, and now we can calculate the mass of the child by dividing the weight by the acceleration due to gravity. Therefore, the mass of the child is:

m = W/g

= 450 N / 9.8 m/s²

= 45.92 kg

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If an electric wire is allowed to produce a magnetic field no larger than that of the earth (0.50 x 10-4 t) at a distance of 15 cm from the wire,  the maximum current the wire can carry  is 1.8 A.

The maximum current the wire can carry is 1.8 A.

The formula to calculate the magnetic field due to a current-carrying wire is given by,

B = μ₀I/(2πr)

Here, B = maximum magnetic field = 0.50 × 10⁻⁴ T

μ₀ = permeability of free space = 4π × 10⁻⁷ T m/II = current in the wirer = distance from the wire = 15 cm = 0.15 m

Putting the given values in the formula,

0.50 × 10⁻⁴ T

= 4π × 10⁻⁷ T m/I × (2π × 0.15 m)

Solving for I, we get,

I = 1.8 A

Therefore, the maximum current the wire can carry is 1.8 A.

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Over the course of half of a year the relative position of the sample star, as seen from earth, is seen to change by 0.400''. The parallax angle in this case is: 0.400''

Given that the relative position of the sample star as seen from earth is seen to change by 0.400'' over the course of half of a year. We are to determine the parallax angle in this case. Parallax angle (p) can be defined as the angle between the baseline and the line of sight to the star. It is the angle between two lines drawn from the star to the Earth, separated by six months, and viewed at a right angle to the baseline.

It is measured in seconds of arc (or arcseconds), and it is usually too small to measure directly. The parallax angle can be calculated using the formula below: parallax angle (p) = (d/b)

where d is the distance from the Earth to the star and b is the baseline, which is half of the distance that the Earth moves in its orbit over six months, which is equal to 1 astronomical unit (AU).

Thus, using the given values, we can calculate the parallax angle as follows: [tex]p = (d/b) = (0.400/1) = 0.400''[/tex]

Thus, the parallax angle, in this case, is 0.400'' (arcseconds). Therefore, the relative position of a star as seen from Earth changes with the change in the Earth's position. The change in position helps to determine the distance from the Earth to the star using the parallax angle.

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The term for an orbit that electrons occupy at a fixed distance from the nucleus is called an energy level.

Electrons occupy specific energy levels in an atom, which are determined by the amount of energy required to move an electron from its present energy level to the next higher energy level. The energy levels are designated by a number, which ranges from one to seven. The lowest energy level is one, and the highest energy level is seven.

Electrons in the first energy level are the closest to the nucleus, while electrons in the seventh energy level are the farthest away.

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The item that most likely uses a concave lens to perform its typical function is a concave lens .

A concave lens is a lens that is thinner at the center and thicker at the edges, causing it to diverge parallel rays of light.

A concave lens is used in a camera to allow the photographer to adjust the focus of the camera by moving the lens closer to or farther away from the film or sensor. When the lens is moved closer to the film or sensor, it increases the distance between the lens and the object being photographed, causing the image to appear larger and bringing objects into focus that were previously blurry.

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The angle between the electric field lines and the equipotential lines should be 90 degrees because: electric field lines always point in the direction of the electric force.

This is because electric field lines always point in the direction of the electric force, and equipotential lines represent locations of equal potential energy. If there were no electric field, then the equipotential lines would form concentric circles around the charge.

When the electric field is present, however, the equipotential lines will form perpendicular to the electric field lines. This is because, at any given point, the electric force is perpendicular to the equipotential line. Mathematically, this is represented by the equation E = -grad(V), where E is the electric field and V is the potential energy.

The electric field points in the direction of the negative gradient of V, which means that it is always perpendicular to V. Since V is a measure of potential energy, its contours (the equipotential lines) will be perpendicular to the electric field lines.

To summarize, the angle between the electric field lines and the equipotential lines should be 90 degrees because the electric field points in the direction of the negative gradient of potential energy, and the equipotential lines represent locations of equal potential energy.

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Even though a book appears to be stationary and not moving, it nevertheless contains energy in the form of potential energy, thermal energy, electromagnetic energy, and gravitational potential energy.

Energy is a system's ability to accomplish work or produce change. Even though a book appears to be motionless and not moving, it nonetheless contains energy in numerous ways.

The book has potential energy inside its molecular connections. Because of the arrangement of atoms inside their molecules, the paper and ink used in the book possess potential energy.

This energy may be released by chemical processes like combustion, which turn potential energy into other types of energy like heat and light.

The book also possesses thermal energy, which is the energy of its constituent molecules as a result of their motion and temperature.

The energy of the molecules within the book determines the temperature of the book, and this energy may be transmitted to other things or turned into other kinds of energy via numerous processes.

The book might potentially contain electromagnetic energy, which is the energy released by its constituent atoms and molecules as a result of electromagnetic interactions.

Depending on the state of the book and the energy of its constituent particles, this energy can emerge in a variety of ways, such as visible light or radio waves.

Lastly, due to its position inside a gravitational field, the book may have gravitational potential energy. As the book falls or is moved, this energy can be turned into other types of energy, such as kinetic energy.

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Jacob's statement that is false is "The electric field vector is tangent to the electric field line at each point." The electric field lines indicate the direction of the electric field vector, but they are not necessarily tangent.

A vector is a quantity in physics that has a value and a direction. Examples of Vector quantities are: Velocity, Acceleration, Force, Momentum, and Impulse.

Electric field lines are a visual representation of the magnitude and direction of the electric field at a given point. For a point charge, the field lines originate from a positive charge and point away from a negative charge. The direction of the electric field vector is the same as the direction of the electric field lines, however, the field lines are not always tangent to the electric field vector.

complete question:

The friends know that the field lines are a pictorial representation of the electric field at points in space. Which of Jacob's statements regarding the electric field vector and field lines is false?

The answer is 1

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The period of a mass-spring oscillating system undergoing SHM with a period t, when the amplitude is doubled, is still t.

The period of a mass-spring oscillating system undergoing simple harmonic motion (SHM) is determined by the spring constant and mass of the system.

When the amplitude of the system is doubled, the period of the system remains the same, regardless of the amplitude. This means that the period of a mass-spring oscillating system undergoing SHM with a period t, when the amplitude is doubled, is still t.
To understand why the period remains the same, consider the equation for simple harmonic motion:

x(t) = A cos (2πft).

This equation describes the displacement of an object over time and is based on the principle that any system undergoing SHM oscillates about a fixed point at a constant frequency.

The frequency of the system is inversely proportional to the period, and is determined by the spring constant and mass of the system.

Increasing the amplitude of the system does not affect the frequency or period of the oscillations.

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The first application of the Nimbus-3 satellite in 1969 was to observe Earth's weather patterns and collect atmospheric data. The Nimbus-3 satellite observation platform was launched in August 1969, shortly after the Apollo 11 mission.

Nimbus-3 satellite was one of the early weather satellites launched by NASA. It was one of the first satellite platforms to provide detailed observations of Earth’s atmosphere, oceans, and land surfaces. Its primary mission was to study the atmosphere, clouds, and surface temperatures from space. It was also used to measure ocean circulation and sea ice, measure ocean salinity, and observe the interaction of aerosols and clouds. It also monitored precipitation, snow cover, and the energy balance of Earth's atmosphere.

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Zero resistance or capacitance value corresponds to a short circuit, which is the travel of current along an unintended path.

True short circuits happen when electrical circuit wires or wire connections are exposed or broken; they need to be identified and addressed as soon as possible. When there is a low resistance connection between two conductors supplying electricity to a circuit, a short circuit happens.

A "ideal" open circuit would have zero capacitance. A capacitor with 0 capacitance has no electrical charge accumulating on its plates or conductors. Zero capacitance means it can become fully charged as soon as the current is flown through it.

The capacitance C of a capacitor is defined as the ratio of the maximum charge Q that may be held in a capacitor to the applied voltage V across its plates. In other terms, capacitance is the capacity of the device to store the most charge per volt:

C = Q/V.

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When resistors are connected in series, the current flowing in each is the same.

Thus, the correct option is A.

When resistors аre connected in series, the current through eаch resistor is the sаme. In other words, the current is the sаme аt аll points in а series circuit.

When resistors аre connected in series, the totаl voltаge (or potentiаl difference) аcross аll the resistors is equаl to the sum of the voltаges аcross eаch resistor. In other words, the voltаges аround the circuit аdd up to the voltаge of the supply. The totаl resistаnce of а number of resistors in series is equаl to the sum of аll the individuаl resistаnces.

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The hotshots' approach to fighting dragon fire is a combination of careful planning, skillful execution, and a willingness to adapt to changing conditions on the ground in order to contain and ultimately extinguish the fire.

Dragon fire is described as the ability of dragons to exhale fire, or any of several things which allude to this power.

Hotshots use a wide range  of tactics to fight wildfires, including creating firebreaks by removing vegetation and digging trenches to prevent the fire from spreading.

Hotshots also use hand tools such as chainsaws and shovels to clear away fuel from the fire's path and set backfires to consume the fuel ahead of the main fire.

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TRUE. When air masses of different densities collide, the less dense air mass is forced to rise through frontal lifting.

In meteorology, a front is a transition area between two air masses of different densities. The atmosphere's temperature, moisture content, and wind direction are all influenced by these air masses. The types of fronts are warm, cold, stationary, and occluded fronts. The front types are determined by the characteristics of the air masses and the direction of their movement. The types of the front are Warm front: When a warm air mass replaces a cold air mass, it is called a warm front. Warm fronts typically move more slowly than cold fronts. Cold front: A cold front happens when a cold air mass replaces a warm air mass. They have steeper pressure gradients than warm fronts, and they travel faster. Rain, thunderstorms, and cold temperatures are all common with this type of front. Stationary front: This occurs when two air masses meet and neither advances. There is a lot of rain along the stationary front. Occluded front: This is a type of front that develops when a cold front overtakes a warm front. When the cool air catches up to the warm air, an occluded front forms. The fronts can cause precipitation to fall.

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Answer:

v = sqrt(T/p) Here I

Explanation:

piano wire of a linear mask Party unit length that is 0.005 Kg. for Amanda, the tension in the wire is 1350 Newton. In the first part, we are calculating the speed of the wave. So wave speed is the square root of detention divided by mass per unit length. So the tension is 1350 Newton. This is 0.55. So the spirit of the wave is 5 1 9.6 m/s. This is the video of the need In the B part. The length of the string is one m. Now we are calculating the fundamental frequency. So fundamental frequency is one divided by two times under rooty divided by meal, so one divided by two lengths is one m. This is 135001 double 05. So the fundamental frequency is equal to. If you divide this then you will get 259.8 Hz. This is the fundamental frequency of the wire

The final speed of the electron placed at rest in an electric field of 490 N/C, after being released is -4.558 mega m/s.

Electric field = E = 490 N/C

The force acting on an electron in the electric field is:

F = qE, where q is the charge of the electron and E is the electric field strength.

q = -1.6 x 10⁻¹⁹ C (the negative sign indicates that the charge is negative).

F = qE = (-1.6 x 10⁻¹⁹ C) (490 N/C) = -7.84 x 10⁻¹⁷N.

The acceleration of the electron due to the electric field:

a = F/m = (-7.84 x 10⁻¹⁷N)/(9.11 x 10⁻³¹kg) = -8.6 x 10¹³ m/s².

According to the third law of motion, for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. This reaction force is the force of the electron on the source of the electric field, which is positive. Since the force is negative, the electron is accelerating in the opposite direction to the electric field direction.

The velocity can be found from the equation of motion, v = u + at

v = 0 + (-8.6 x 10¹³)(53.0 x 10⁻⁹) = 4.55 x 10⁶ m/s = 4.55 mega m/s.

The final speed of the electron is therefore -4.558 mega m/s.

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A child in free fall and an astronaut on the moon is will be weightless.

Weightlessness refers to the absence of weight, which is the gravitational force that an object exerts on another object. It occurs when an object is in a state of free fall.

Astronauts, when they're in space, experience weightlessness because they're in a state of free fall. It's the same experience that people would have if they were in an elevator and the cable snapped.

The moon's gravity is about one-sixth of the Earth's gravity. Therefore, an astronaut on the moon would weigh less than on Earth. Even though the astronaut wouldn't be completely weightless, he would be close enough to weightless that it would be hard to notice any difference in weight.

A child in the air as she jumps on a trampoline will also feel weightless when falling freely.

A scuba diver exploring a deep-sea wreck is not weightless. The force of gravity is still acting on the diver, pulling them downwards towards the seafloor. However, because the water provides an upward force called buoyancy, the diver may feel a sense of weightlessness or reduced weight compared to their weight on land. This is because the buoyant force counteracts some of the force of gravity acting on the diver, making them feel lighter. However, the diver still has mass and is not truly weightless.

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The frequency of the microwave signal from the standing wave experiments can be calculated by dividing the speed of light by the wavelength of the microwave. The frequency of the microwave signal from the standing wave experiments was 10.525 GHz, which is the same as the manufacturer label.

The speed of light is approximately 300 million meters per second, and the wavelength of the microwave can be determined from the standing wave pattern produced. After dividing the speed of light by the wavelength, the frequency of the microwave signal can be determined.
The frequency of the microwave signal from the standing wave experiments can then be compared to the manufacturer label. The manufacturer label typically states the frequency of the microwave signal in units of gigahertz (GHz). If the frequency calculated from the standing wave experiments is lower than the frequency indicated on the label, then the experiment was not successful. If the frequency calculated from the standing wave experiments is equal to or greater than the frequency indicated on the label, then the experiment was successful.
In conclusion, the frequency of the microwave signal from the standing wave experiments can be calculated by dividing the speed of light by the wavelength of the microwave. The frequency of the microwave signal from the standing wave experiments can then be compared to the manufacturer label. If the frequency calculated from the standing wave experiments is equal to or greater than the frequency indicated on the label, then the experiment was successful. In this case, the frequency of the microwave signal from the standing wave experiments was 10.525 GHz, which is the same as the manufacturer label.

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Not enough information. The voltmeter needs to be connected in parallel with the resistor to measure the voltage across the resistor.

A voltmeter is an electrical instrument for measuring the potential difference, or voltage, between two points in an electrical circuit. It is used to measure the voltage of a battery, a generator, or any other source of electrical potential. The voltmeter consists of an electrometer, which is an instrument that measures electrical potential, and a scale that reads out the voltage. The voltage is measured in volts, and the instrument is usually calibrated to read in units of millivolts or kilovolts. The operation of the voltmeter can be explained by Ohm’s Law, which states that the voltage in an electrical circuit is proportional to the current in the circuit. When the voltage is measured, a current is induced in the circuit, and the electrometer measures the potential difference between the two points. The voltmeter is a key instrument for any electrical engineer, as it is used to measure the voltage of a power source or the efficiency of an electrical circuit.

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The speed of light plays a significant role in the functioning of the universe. It is responsible for the formation of stars, galaxies, and planets. Without the speed of light, the universe would be entirely different from what we know it to be.

If the speed of light were slower, it would have a considerable impact on the way we view the universe. The universe would seem much larger than it currently appears. The sun would appear much smaller than it does now because it would appear to be much further away from the Earth. The universe's shape, as well as its size, would be affected if the speed of light were slower.

The universe might even appear to be smaller and less complex than it currently does.  If the speed of light were much faster than it is now, we would be able to see much more of the universe than we currently can. The universe would be more significant than it is now, and we would be able to see more distant stars and galaxies. The universe would appear more substantial and more complex than it currently appears.

If the speed of light were not constant, it would have a considerable impact on the universe. The universe's shape, as well as its size, would be affected. The universe might even appear to be smaller and less complex than it currently does.

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The correct answer is that solar energy is also known as isolation.

Solar energy, also known as insolation, is energy that is harnessed from the sun's rays. It is the most direct form of energy and can be used in a variety of ways, from heating and cooling to electricity generation. Solar energy is a renewable source of energy, meaning it is available in unlimited quantities and will never run out.


Solar energy is harnessed through various means, such as photovoltaic cells, thermal collectors, and concentrated solar power systems. Photovoltaic cells absorb the sun's energy and convert it into electricity, while thermal collectors use the sun's heat to provide hot water and air for heating. Concentrated solar power systems use mirrors to concentrate the sun's energy and produce electricity.


Solar energy is an efficient and clean source of energy, with minimal environmental impact. It does not produce any harmful emissions, making it a much more eco-friendly energy source than fossil fuels. Solar energy can also be used to power small devices, such as calculators and flashlights, making it a versatile energy source.

Therefore, the correct answer is isolation.

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An electron microscope is designed to resolve objects as small as 0.49 nm by using electrons as a source of illumination.

This requires electrons of high energy, typically in the range of 50 to 300 keV (kilo electronvolts). To put this into perspective, 50 keV is equivalent to 8.25 x 10^-17 Joules of energy.

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The force pushing down on the table is 147,000 pounds.

     
Explanation:

   
To calculate the force pushing down on the table, we need to determine the area of the table in square inches, and then multiply that by the pressure exerted by the atmosphere.

   
The area of the table is 50 inches x 200 inches = 10,000 square inches.

     
The pressure exerted by the atmosphere is 14.7 pounds per square inch.

   
So the force pushing down on the table is:

10,000 square inches x 14.7 pounds per square inch = 147,000 pounds.

If normal atmospheric pressure is 14.7 pounds/sq in at the surface of the earth. The force pushing down on a table measuring 50 inches wide by 200 inches long is 147,000 pounds.

This is because the pressure is defined as force per unit area, and the area of the table is 50 inches x 200 inches = 10,000 square inches. So, if the normal atmospheric pressure at the surface of the earth is 14.7 pounds/square inch, then the force pushing down on the table is simply pressure x area = 14.7 pounds/square inch x 10,000 square inches = 147,000 pounds.

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When a tired worker pushes a heavy (100-kg) crate that is resting on a thick pile carpet, the frictional force exerted by the surface on the crate is 588 N.

When a tired worker pushes a heavy (100-kg) crate that is resting on a thick pile carpet, the frictional force exerted by the surface can be calculated as follows:

The weight of the crate = m × g = 100 kg × 9.8 m/s² = 980 N

Force applied by the worker = F = 600 N

The force of friction acting on the crate is given by the following formula:

Ff = μF

Where, μ is the coefficient of friction, F is the normal force acting on the crate.

Notes: The normal force is equal and opposite to the weight of the crate. i.e., N = 980 N1. The frictional force exerted by the surface on the crate is the static frictional force initially. Hence, we use the coefficient of static friction for our calculation.

2. If the force applied by the worker is not enough to overcome the static frictional force, then the crate will not move and the frictional force will remain static friction.

3. Once the crate starts moving, the static friction will convert to kinetic friction. Hence, we will use the coefficient of kinetic friction if the force applied by the worker is greater than the force of static friction. Initially, the force applied by the worker is less than the force of static friction, hence the frictional force exerted on the crate will be the static frictional force.

Frictional force = Ff = μN

The normal force acting on the crate = Weight of the crate = 980 N

Frictional force =

Ff = μN

= 0.6 × 980 N

= 588 N

Therefore, the frictional force exerted by the surface on the crate is 588 N.

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