enter your answer in the provided box. an important industrial route to extremely pure acetic acid is the reaction of methanol with carbon monoxide: h5sil950 use bond energies to calculate the heat of reaction.
According to the question, the heat of the reaction has been -22 kJ/mol where a negative sign illustrates the occurrence of the exothermic reaction.
What is the Heat of reaction?The heat of reaction may be defined as the amount of energy that is significantly absorbed or liberated by the system in order to form the products. This is calculated on the basis of bond energies.
The energy constituent by each bond in the reactant has been the heat of the reactant, and the energy of the product has been the heat of the product.
The heat of the reaction can be calculated by the following formula:
H= [tex]H_r_e_a_c_t_a_n_t - H_p_r_o_d_u_c_t[/tex].The reactant molecules are [tex]CH_3OH[/tex] and C≡O.
The bond energy of the reactant is as follows:
[tex]H_r_e_a_c_t_a_n_t[/tex] = 3 × C-H + C-O + O-H + C≡O.
= 3 × 413 + 358 + 467 + 1070
= 3134 KJ/mol.
The product molecule has been [tex]CH_3COOH[/tex].
The bond energy of the product is as follows:
[tex]H_p_r_o_d_u_c_t[/tex] = 3 × C-H + C-O + O-H +C-C + C = O.
= 3 × 413 + 358 + 467 + 347 + 745.
= 3156 KJ/mol.
The heat of the overall reaction is as follows:
ΔH = [tex]H_r_e_a_c_t_a_n_t - H_p_r_o_d_u_c_t[/tex]
= 3134 - 3156 = -22KJ/mol.
Therefore, the heat of the reaction has been -22 kJ/mol where a negative sign illustrates the occurrence of the exothermic reaction.
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you and a friend are studying for a chemistry exam. what if your friend tells you, "since exothermic processes are favored and the sign of the enthalpy change tells us whether or not a process is endothermic or exothermic, the sign of dhsoln tells us whether or not a solution will form"? how would you explain to your friend that this conclusion is not correct? what part, if any, of what your friend says is correct?
The assertion "It is true that " since exothermic processes are favored and the sign of the enthalpy change tells us whether or not a process is endothermic or exothermic .
The phrase "the sign of [tex]dH_{sol}[/tex] tells us whether or not solution will form " is not a fact .
All chemical reactions fall into one of two categories: exothermic reactions or endothermic reactions. When energy is lost to the environment during an exothermic reaction, the enthalpy change of the reaction is negative. A type of reaction known as an endothermic reaction results in a positively altering equilibrium by absorbing energy from the surrounding environment.
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experiment 1: spectroscopy-infrared (ir) spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy
EPR (ESR) Spectroscopy is compatible with leading brands but with fair and reasonable price.
EPR (ESR) Spectrometers for free radical, polymer materials, catalytic mechanism research.
What is Spectrometers ?
An equipment used to measure a physical quantity's spectrum is called a spectrometer. The term "spectrometer" is commonly used to refer to an optical spectrometer that measures the electromagnetic spectrum of light. Mass spectrometry and Auger electron spectroscopy, for instance, both use different types of spectrometers.
Measurements of light's characteristics in a particular area of the electromagnetic spectrum are made using an optical spectrometer. Light intensity is typically the variable quantity that is measured, though it might sometimes be anything else, such polarization.
The wavelength of light, which is frequently stated in a fraction of a meter but can also be expressed in a unit directly proportional to the energy of a photon, like the wave number, is the independent variable.
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EPR (ESR) Spectroscopy is compatible with leading brands but with fair & reasonable price. EPR (ESR) Spectrometers free radical, polymer materials, catalytic mechanism research.
What is Spectrometers ?
An equipment used to measure a physical quantity's spectrum is called a spectrometer. The term "spectrometer" is usually used to refer to an optical spectrometer that measures the electromagnetic spectrum of light.
Mass spectrometry and Auger electron spectroscopy, as an example , both use differing types of spectrometers.Measurements of light's characteristics during a particular area of the electromagnetic spectrum are made using an optical spectrometer. candlepower is typically the variable quantity that is measured, though it'd sometimes be anything else, such polarization.
The wavelength of sunshine , which is usually stated in a fraction of a meter but can also be expressed in a unit directly proportional to the energy of a photon, just like the wave number, is that the independent variable.
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A molecule with a long chain of carbons bonded together and flanked by hydrogens with an acid group on one end and a methyl group on the other end is called a?
A molecule with a long chain of carbons bonded together and flanked by hydrogens with an acid group on one end and a methyl group on the other end is called a fatty acid.
A fatty can be saturated as well as unsaturated. Saturated fatty acids are the ones that do not have any double or triple bond in them. Unsaturated fatty acids are the ones that have double bonds or triple bond in them.
Some of the examples of fatty acids are stearic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid etc.
Some common examples of food products having fatty acid in them are walnuts, fish, butter, milk etc.
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you have to calculate the volume of a gas sample with mass of 1.000 × 103 g and density of 1.027 g/l, but you have forgotten the formula. which way of reasoning would help you in finding the correct mass?
The correct volume of the object is 974 L.
What is the density?
The term density refers to the ratio between mass and volume. We know that we could be able to obtain the mass or the volume using the formula for density. Knowing that;
Density = mass/volume
volume = mass/density
Volume = 1.000 × 10^3 g/ 1.027 g/l
Volume = 974 L
The correct volume of the object is 974 L.
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Arrange the following aqueous solutions in order of increasing boiling points. 0.050 m mg(no 3) 2; 0.100 m ethanol; 0.090 m nacl
To arrange the following aqueous solutions in order of increasing boiling points. 0.050 m mg(no 3)2; 0.100 m ethanol; 0.090 m nacl.
What is boiling point of a solution?
The temperature at which a liquid's vapor pressure equals the pressure around it and the liquid transforms into a vapor is known as the boiling point of a substance.
A liquid's boiling point varies depending on the atmospheric pressure in the area. The boiling point of a liquid is lower in a partial vacuum than it is at atmospheric pressure. A liquid's boiling point is lower under low pressure than it is under air pressure.
The higher the molar concentration, higher will be the boiling point of the solution.
Thus among Ethanol(0.100m), Mg(NO3)2(0.050m), NaCl(0.090), ethanol has the highest boiling point.
Thus, increasing order of boiling point is:
Mg(NO3)2<NaCl<Ethanol
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The energy for passive transport comes from: group of answer choices atp gtp the gradient of the thing being transported secondary transporters protein pumps
Passive transport obtains energy from the gradient of the substance or molecule being transported.
Passive transport is the movement of a solute from one side of the cell membrane where there is a high electrochemical potential to the other side where there is a lower electrochemical potential.
A kind of cellular transport known as passive transport involves the movement of molecules and ions along concentration gradients. In contrast to active transport, the mechanism doesn't need metabolic energy (such as ATP) because the movement is downhill or down the concentration gradient.
A few characteristics of passive transport are as follows:
1) The molecule must be bound in order to be transported.
2) The chemical being delivered is particular to it.
3) The gradient of the material being carried produces the energy needed for passive transport.
4) A conformational shift leads to the substance's transport.
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specify whether each of the items listed is hydrophilic or hydrophobic by dragging the labels into the appropriate box.
Hydrophilic;
Polar compounds
water
ions
glucose
Hydrophobic;
Triglycerides
cholesterol
Lipids
Oil
Carbohydrates
What are hydrophilic substances?The term hydrophilic substances is used to describe the substances that could dissolve in water. They are those substances that are water soluble. Somehow, the substances must be polar because in chemistry like dissolves like.
The hydrophobic substances are those substances that do not dissolve in water. They are nonpolar and interact with other nonpolar substances.
The classification of the substances took place below;
Hydrophilic;
Polar compounds
water
ions
glucose
Hydrophobic;
Triglycerides
cholesterol
Lipids
Oil
Carbohydrates
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What do the conclusions tell about the experiment?
O A. The conclusions tell how the experiment should be repeated.
B. The conclusions tell what other scientists think about the
experiment.
C. The conclusions tell if the scientific method was followed.
D. The conclusions tell why the data support or reject the hypothesis.
Give an example of an extensive property in an intensive property of an iron nail
An extensive property is a property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample.
An intensive property is a property of matter that depends only on the type of matter in a sample and not on the amount.
Examples of Extensive properties:
The mass of an object is a measure of the amount of matter that an object contains. A small sample of a certain type of matter will have a small mass, while a larger sample will have a greater mass.Another extensive property is volume. The volume of an object is a measure of the space that is occupied by that object.Examples of Intensive properties:
The electrical conductivity of a pure substance is a property that depends only on the type of substance. Silver, gold, and copper are excellent conductors of electricity, while glass and plastic are poor conductors. A larger or smaller piece of glass will not change this property. Other intensive properties include color, temperature, density, and solubility.Read more about Intensive & Extensive properties:
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Please figure out how to convert only to one significant figure.
Answer: How to convert only to one significant figure:
Explanation:
The method of rounding to a significant figure is often used as it can be applied to any kind of number, regardless of how big or small it is. When a newspaper reports a lottery winner has won £3 million, this has been rounded to one significant figure. It rounds to the most important figure in the number.
To round to a significant figure:
look at the first non-zero digit if rounding to one significant figure
look at the digit after the first non-zero digit if rounding to two significant figures
draw a vertical line after the place value digit that is required
look at the next digit
if it's 5 or more, increase the previous digit by one
if it's 4 or less, keep the previous digit the same
fill any spaces to the right of the line with zeros, stopping at the decimal point if there is one
Examples
Round 53,879 to 1 significant figure, then 2 significant figures.
5|3879 to 1 significant figure is 50,000
53|879 to 2 significant figures is 54,000
Notice that the number of significant figures in the question is the maximum number of non-zero digits in your answer.
Round 0.005089 to 1 significant figure, then 2 significant figures.
0.005|089 to 1 significant figure is 0.005
0.0050|89 to 2 significant figures is 0.0051
Sorry this was long,
But I hope this helped!
Chernobyl expelled lots of cs-137 radioisotopes in the environment in 1986. the half-life of cs-137 is 30 years. in 2046, 60 years later, the radioactivity will be _____ the original activity in 1986.
Chernobyl expelled lots of cs-137 radioisotopes in the environment in 1986. the half-life of cs-137 is 30 years. in 2046, 60 years later, the radioactivity will be zero times the original activity in 1986.
What is half life of a substance?
A drug's half-life is an estimation of how long it will take for its concentration or amount in the body to exactly halve (or 50%) in size. T12 represents half-life.
This well-known phrase was first used in 1907 by renowned physicist Ernest Rutherford, who used the half-life formula to estimate the age of rocks by observing how long radium took to decay into lead.
Here, its said that the half life of Cs-137 is 30 years, that is after 30 years, half of the Cs-137 would have disintegrated, and after 60 years the entire molecule would have disintegrated, hence, after 60 years that is in 2046 the radioactivity would be zero.
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how is the mass of the 25.0 ml of distilled water you measured at 13 °c different from the mass of 25.0 ml of distilled water at 20 °c ?
The mass 25.0 ml of distilled water you measured at 13 °c different from the mass of 25.0 ml of distilled water at 20 °c would be exactly the same.
What is the temperature?The mass of a body is the quantity of matter that is contained in a body. It is the measure of the inertia of the body. We know that the mass of a body is a constant and does not change. It des not depend on changes in the temperature of a body.
As such, the mass 25.0 ml of distilled water you measured at 13 °c different from the mass of 25.0 ml of distilled water at 20 °c would be exactly the same.
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what is the strongest type of intermolecular force between solute and solvent in each of the following solutions? to determine this: 1) identify the strongest type of intermolecular force in the pure solute; 2) identify the strongest type of intermolecular force in the pure solvent.
The strongest intermolecular forces between solute and solvent molecules in a solution is ion-dipole interactions.
Intermolecular Forces:
The intermolecular forces are the forces of attraction that exist among the molecules of a substance. The identification of these forces are important because they affect many properties. They can affect solubility, boiling point, melting point, vapor pressure, etc.
An intermolecular force is an attractive force that arises between the positive components (or protons) of one molecule and the negative components (or electrons) of another molecule. Various physical and chemical properties of a substance are dependent on this force. The boiling point of a substance is proportional to the strength of its intermolecular forces – the stronger the intermolecular forces, the higher the boiling point.
By comparing the boiling points of different substances, we can compare the strengths of their intermolecular forces. This is because the heat absorbed by the substance at its boiling point is used to break these intermolecular forces and to convert the liquid into vapour.
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Ecologists use food web diagrams, like the one shown, as tools in their studies of different populations of organisms within an ecosystem. Which of the following is a correct use for a food web diagram?
Ecologists use food web diagrams as tools in their studies of different populations of organisms within an ecosystem because it shows the feeding relationship between organisms in the ecosystem.
What is a Food web?This is defined as the graphical representation of the feeding relationship which occurs between organisms in the ecosystem and helps to predict the outcome in the addition or removal of a species.
The food web also helps to determine the various ways in which energy flows and it usually starts from the producers which are the plants as a result of their photosynthetic ability which involves the conversion of solar energy to chemical energy.
There are various organisms in the ecosystem and the food web helps to provide a better understanding of their feeding habits and impact various factors will result in.
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What descriptive term is applied to the type of diene represented by 2,4-hexadiene?.
The descriptive term applied to the type of diene represented by 2,4-hexadiene is conjugated diene.
Dienes are compounds which contains two double bonds. These dienes can be non conjugated or conjugated.
Conjugated diene are those compound which have two double bonds joined by a single σ bond. Conjugated dienes can also be called 1,3-diene. To know if diene is conjugated or non conjugated, sp³ hybridization is to b checked and the number of double bonds and single sigma bond is checked.
Conjugated dienes are found in many different molecules. 2,4-hexadiene is a conjugated diene with two carbon-carbon double bonds that are separated by one sigma bond.
The stabilization of dienes by conjugation is better than the aromatic stabilization. Conjugated dienes are more stable than non conjugated or cumulative diene because it has higher electron density of molecules delocalized.
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a chemist determined by measurements that moles of calcium participated in a chemical reaction. calculate the mass of calcium that participated in the chemical reaction.
A chemist determined by measurements that moles of calcium participated in a chemical reaction. The mass of calcium that participated in the chemical reaction is 0.40 g
What are chemical reaction?Chemical reaction is define as a process that lead to chemical transformation of one set of chemical substance to another.
There are basically four types of chemical reaction.
Synthesis reaction Decomposition reactionSingle replacement reactionDouble replacement reactionMass of calcium can be calculated as:
Molar mass of Ca = 40.0g/mole
Number of mole of Ca in chemical reaction = 0.010 moles
So ,
Mass = number of moles x molar mass
= 0.010 moles x 40.0g/mole
= 0.40 g
Thus, the mass of calcium that participated in the chemical reaction is 0.40 g
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Your question is incomplete, but probably your full question was
A chemist determined by measurements that 0.010 moles of calcium participated in a chemical reaction. calculate the mass of calcium that participated in the chemical reaction
Three specific types of laboratory waste containers used for accumulating potentially hazardous wastes are as follows:________
Three specific types of laboratory waste containers are: Chemical Waste Container, Bio Hazardous Waste Container and Radioactive Waste Container.
Chemical waste is collected in appropriate containers able to be properly closed.
Biohazardous waste containers keep infectious waste separate from everyday trash.
Radioactive Waste containers stock solid radioactive waste produced during radio isotopes manipulation.
The Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) is a detailed fact sheet summarizing information about a chemical's hazardous ingredients.
Nuclear (radioactive) waste is hazardous to all forms of life and the environment.
Long term storage of radioactive waste is needed. It is important the stabilization of the waste into a form which will neither react nor degrade over many years.
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Once separated, is each component of the solid mixture a pure element or a pure compound?
Once separated, is each component of the solid mixture could be a pure element or a pure compound.
Any object with mass and a specific quantity of space is referred to as a matter. Element, compound, and mixture classifications are used to categorise matter.A pure compound contains just that one component; there are no additional components. Mixtures of substances, chemicals, or components and compounds might be considered impure materials.If the substance is pure, it is either an element or a compound.If a substance can be divided into its component elements, it is a compound.If a substance is not chemically pure, it is either a homogeneous mixture or a heterogeneous mixture.If the composition remains the same throughout, the combination is homogeneous.Baking soda, sugar, and salt are pure chemical compounds.Learn more about mixtures here:
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how do you think the layers of liquid would look if you put the liquids into the cylinder in a different order? why?
Answer:It actually does not matter in which order you add the three different liquids into your jar; the layers will always end up being the same: The corn syrup settles on the bottom, the colored water is in the middle and the vegetable oil floats on the top.
Explanation:
How much of the water (in mlml ) contains 160 mgmg of pbpb ? (assume a density of 1.0 g/mlg/ml .)
The amount of water is 14545.29 mL will contain 160 mg of lead.
Density is a term used to describe how tightly a material is packed. Hence, density is defined as the mass of the body per unit volume. Density Formula: ρ = m / V, where is the density, m is the object's mass, and V is its volume. Density Symbol: D.
The solution has 160 mg of Pb.
The density of water is 1 g/ml.
Now, 0.0011% Pb by mass means 0.011 grams P is contained in 100 - 0.0011 = 99.9989 g of water.
Therefore,
160 mg or 0.160 g of Pb will be contained in:
0.106 g × ( 99.9989 / 0.0011 ) = 0.106 g × 90908.09 = 14545.29 grams of water.
Hence, 14545.29 mL of water contains 160 mg of Pb.
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a 6 carbon glucose molecule is broken down t 2 molecules of 3 carbon pyruvate cleavage, where ater molecule is broken off a frucose 1-6 bisphophate
In glycolysis, one glucose (a 6-carbon molecule) is broken down into 2 pyruvate molecules (each 3-carbon molecule). this process occurs in two separate reactions. a particular toxin, Changchun, found in poison slugs, targets one of these reactions and renders the carbons in that particular pyruvate radioactive and thus, unstable.
What is glycolysis?
Glycolysis is the process in which glucose is broken down to produce energy. It produces two molecules of pyruvate, ATP, NADH, and water. the method takes place in the cytosol of the cell cytoplasm, within the presence or absence of oxygen. Glycolysis is the primary step of cellular respiration.
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After electrophoresing his pcr reaction, the student sees the desired pcr product on the gel as well as several smaller bands. what error(s) might he have made? (select all that apply.)
The following errors in the PCR reaction could lead to the result obtained:
He performed step two at a temperature that was too low.
Repeated sequences were present in the designed primers.
He contaminated the DNA sample used as a template.
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a molecular biology technique used for the amplification of DNA fragments with the help of Taq polymerase at a high temperature.
A very tiny DNA sample can be amplified (or part of it amplified) to a size that is big enough to be studied in depth using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a technique that is frequently used to create millions to billions of copies (full or partial) of a given DNA sample quickly.
When the temperature for step 2 of PCR, annealing is too low, the primers do not get attached to the template DNA.
Dimers could arise when the primers include repeated sequences.
Contamination of the template DNA will lead to no PCR and thus little to no results.
The complete question is:
A student carries out PCR using the following steps:
Step 1: 94°C for 1 minute
Step 2: 60°C for 30 seconds
Step 3: 72°C for 30 seconds
After electrophoresing his PCR reaction, the student sees the desired PCR product on the gel as well as several smaller bands. What error(s) might he have made? (Select all that apply.)
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the c―h bond in acetone, (ch3)2c═o, has a pka of 19.2. draw two resonance structures for its conjugate base. then, explain why acetone is much more acidic than propane, ch3ch2ch3 (pka
The resonance structure of the c―h bond in acetone, (ch3)2c═o, has a pka of 19.2 is given below
What is Resonance ?When a periodic force is applied to a system and its natural frequency is equal to or nearly equal to the frequency of the applied force, resonance is the phenomenon of enhanced amplitude that results.
Since propane lacks a double bond or an atom with a lone pair of electrons, the negative charge on acetone's conjugate base cannot be sustained by resonance structure.
If the applied vibration's frequency matches the body's natural frequency, the body will begin to vibrate with a very significant amplitude. Resonance is the name given to this phenomena.
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explain why the keto-enol equilibrium constant for dimedone is much greater than the constant for acetone.
The strength of a carbon-oxygen double bond exceeds that of a carbon-carbon double bond.
What is a double bond?A double bond is a covalent link between two atoms in chemistry that involves four bonding electrons rather than the two in a single bond. In alkenes, for instance, double bonds typically form between two carbon atoms.
There is always a sigma and a pi bond present in a double bond. Carbon dioxide is a common instance of a chemical having a double bond. The structure of organic substances like ethene, commonly referred to as ethylene, methanoic acid, and acetone, includes double bonds.
Carbon-carbon double bonds are found in alkenes, which are hydrocarbons. For molecules with a single double bond, their typical formula is CnH2n ( no rings). Because ethene was originally called olefiant gas, another name for alkenes is olefins.
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what is the volume of a 5.0 gram sample of seawater with a density of 1.025 g/mL?
Answer:
since you have both the mass and density of the sample, the volume can be derived from both
volume of seawater = [tex]\frac{5.0}{1.025}[/tex]
= 4.88 ml (3 s.f.)
Which formulas both represent compounds? HELP ME PLS!
Answer: D
Explanation: Co 2 and H2O
If you originally had 200g of substance A, how much will you have left after 4
half-lives?
If you originally had 200 g of substance A , 50 g of reactant have left after 4 half - lives .
At four half life the fraction remaining of a substance is 1/16 or 0.25 of initial concentration and percentage remaining is 25 % .
So , If you originally had 200 g of substance A is present then amount of reactant left after 4 half-lives = 200 g × 0.25 = 50 g .
Example of half - life is given below ,
Within one half-life, the amount of radioactive nuclei present at any particular time will be reduced to half. For instance, if a sample contained 100g of Cf-251 at some point, there would still be 50g of Cf-251 after 800 years. There would only be 25g left after an additional 800 years (a total of 1600 years).
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reaction of sodium hydroxide and iron(ii) chloride to give to give iron(ii) hydroxide and sodium chloride
The reaction equation is; 2NaOH(aq) + FeCl2(aq) ---- > 2NaCl + Fe(OH)2
What is the reaction equation?The term reaction in chemistry involves the combination of two or more substances to yield a new substance. The new substance is always different from the combining substances.
In this case we want to write a reaction equation for the reaction between sodium hydroxide and iron(ii) chloride to give to give iron(ii) hydroxide and sodium chloride, we can write;
2NaOH(aq) + FeCl2 (aq) ---- > 2NaCl + Fe(OH)2
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Need help FAST! Will rate 5
When mercury oxide HgO is heated, it decomposes into mercury Hg and oxygen O2.
1) if 28.4 g of HgO decomposes and produces 2.0 g of oxygen, how many grams of Hg are produced?
____________________g
Use the correct sigfigs (subtraction)
2) What is the percent by mass of Hg in HgO?
___________________%
Use correct sigfigs (division)
If 28.4 g of HgO decomposes and produces 2.0 g of oxygen, then 26 grams of Hg is produced.
What is decomposition reaction?Decomposition reactions occur when complex chemical entities split apart into smaller components. Decomposition reactions often demand energy input.
There are three different kinds of breakdown reactions: thermal, photolytic, and electrolytic.
[tex]Mass_{reactant[/tex] = [tex]Mass_{product}[/tex]
[tex]Mass_{mercury oxide[/tex] = [tex]Mass_{mercury} + mass_{oxygen}[/tex]
28g = [tex]mass_{mercury}[/tex] + 2g
[tex]mass_{mercury}[/tex] = 26g
Thus, 28.4 g of HgO decomposes and produces 2.0 g of oxygen, then 26 grams of Hg is produced.
[tex]percentage mass_{mercury} = \frac{mass_{mercury}}{mass_{mercury}oxide}[/tex] X 100%
= 26g/28g
= 93%
thus 93% is the percent by mass of Hg present in HgO.
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