What change would you expect on the rate of the SN2 reaction of 1-iodo-2-methylbutane with cyanide ion if the nucleophile concentration is halved and the alkyl halide concentration is doubled
Answer:
The rate of reaction remains the same, no change is observed
Explanation:
Remember that for an SN2 reaction, the rate of reaction depends both on the concentration of the alkyl halide and the concentration of the nucleophile.
Hence we can write; Rate = k [Alkyl halide][NaI]
This implies that if we half the concentration of the nucleophile and double the concentration of the alkyl halide, the rate of reaction just remains the same since the reaction is bimolecular and first order in both alkyl halide and nucleophile
Consider the following statements about first ionization energies:
I. Because the effective nuclear charge for Mg is greater than that for Be, the first ionization energy of Mg is greater than that of Be.
II. The first ionization energy of O is less than that of N because in O we must pair electrons in the 2p orbitals.
III. The first ionization energy of Ar is less than that of Ne because a 3p electron in Ar is farther from the nucleus than a 2p electron in Ne.
Which of the statements I, II, and III is or are true?
Answer:
I,II, III
Explanation:
Firstly, the magnitude of nuclear charge affects the first ionization energy of an element. Hence,as effective nuclear charge increases, the attraction between the nucleus and the outermost electron increases and ionization energy consequently increases. Thus Mg has a higher first ionization energy than Be.
Secondly, oxygen has an electron configuration of 1s2 2s2 2p4 while nitrogen has an electron configuration of 1s2 2s2 2p3. Now, recall that extra energy is often associated with half filled orbitals hence nitrogen has a higher first ionization energy than oxygen. Furthermore, the addition of electron to an already half filled 2p orbital in oxygen (pairing) leads to inter electronic repulsion and drastic fall in first ionization energy. Therefore, as we move from nitrogen to oxygen in the periodic table, greater inter-electron repulsion between two electrons in the same p-orbital counter balances the increase in effective nuclear charge hence nitrogen has a greater first ionization energy than oxygen.
Lastly, the 3p orbital is far away from the nucleus hence we expect it to feel less of nuclear attraction than a 2p orbital. Hence the first ionization energy of Ar is less than that of Ne.
Consider the reaction when aqueous solutions of calcium nitrate and potassium carbonate are combined. The net ionic equation for this reaction is:
Answer:
Ca2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) → Ca(OH) 2 ( s )
Explanation:
The balanced equation is given as;
Ca(NO 3 ) 2 ( aq ) + 2KOH(aq) → Ca(OH) 2 ( s ) + 2KNO 3 ( aq )
The net ionic equation features only ions that actually participated in the reaction. These ions are identified due to their change in oxidation numbers. Also, the aqueous compounds are broken down into ions.
Ca2+ + 2NO3- + 2K+ + 2OH- → Ca(OH) 2 ( s ) + 2K+ + 2NO3-
Ions present in both sides of the equation above. These are; NO3-, K+ and OH-
The net ionic equation is;
Ca2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) → Ca(OH) 2 ( s )
How many protons and electrons does a hydrogen atom have?
A hydrogen atom contains 1 electron, 1 proton
Explanation:
Why is H2S called an analytical agent?
Answer:
Hydrogen sulfide is an newly recognized signical molecule with very potent cytoprotective actions.
“An icy wind teetered trash cans and turned my cheeks to marble.”
What does the imagery in this sentence tell the reader about the weather?
in seedfolks
Lead(II) nitrate and ammonium iodide react to form lead(II) iodide and ammonium nitrate according to the reaction
Answer:
1.186L or 1186mL.
Explanation:
The volume of a 0.290 m NH4I solution that is required to react with 253 ml of a 0.680 m Pb(NO3)2 solution is 1.186 liters or 1186 ml.
If heat is required for a chemical reaction to occur, from where does the energy come?
Answer:
Chemical energy is energy stored in the bonds of chemical compounds, like atoms and molecules. This energy is released when a chemical reaction takes place. Usually, once chemical energy has been released from a substance, that substance is transformed into a completely new substance.
Explanation:
Mass of a proton =...........
Answer:
Explanation:
A proton has a mass of approximately 938 MeV/c2, of which the rest mass of its three valence quarks contributes only about 9.4 MeV/c2; much of the remainder can be attributed to the gluons' QCBE.
the gram formula mass of NH4Br is what (please provide explanation, thank you)
Answer:
97.95 g/mol
Explanation:
Step 1: Define molar masses
Molar Mass of N - 14.01 g/mol
Molar Mass of H - 1.01 g/mol
Molar Mass of Br - 79.90 g/mol
Step 2: Find amounts of molar masses
1 mol N - 14.01 g/mol
4 mol H - 4.04 g/mol
1 mol Br - 79.90 g/mol
Step 3: Find molar mass of compound
Molar Mass N + 4 Molar Mass H + 1 Molar Mass Br
14.01 g/mol + 4.04 g/mol + 79.90 g/mol
97.95 g/mol
Which one of these is not a characteristic of electromagnetic waves.
amplitude
wavelength
frequency
intensity
Answer:
Amplitude
Explanation:
Why does a small pebble sink in water?
A small pebble sinks in water because its density is greater than the density of water. Density is a measure of how much mass is packed into a given volume. If an object is denser than the liquid it is placed in, it will sink.
When a pebble is dropped into water, the water exerts an upward force called buoyancy. This force opposes the weight of the pebble, and if the pebble is less dense than water, it will experience an upward force greater than its weight and float.
However, if the pebble's density is greater than that of water, the downward force due to its weight will be greater than the upward buoyant force, causing it to sink.
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2.3 grams of sodium reacts with water and 0.080 grams of hydrogen has been collected what are the theoretical and percent yields of hydrogen gas?
Answer:
Theoretical yield = 0.1 g
Percent yield = 80%
Explanation:
Given data:
Mass of sodium = 2.3 g
Actual yield of hydrogen = 0.080 g
Theoretical yield = ?
Percent yield = ?
Solution:
Chemical equation:
2Na + 2H₂O → H₂ + 2NaOH
Number of moles of sodium:
Number of moles = mass/ molar mass
Number of moles = 2.3 g/ 23 g/mol
Number of moles = 0.1 mol
Now we will compare the moles of sodium with hydrogen to calculate the theoretical yield.
Na : H₂
2 : 1
0.1 : 1/2×0.1 = 0.05 mol
Mass of hydrogen produced:
Mass = number of moles × molar mass
Mass = 0.05 mol × 2 g/mol
Mass = 0.1 g
Percent yield of hydrogen:
Percent yield = actual yield / theoretical yield ×100
Percent yield = 0.08 g/ 0.1 g×100
Percent yield = 0.8×100
Percent yield = 80%
Watts are a measurement of power
Answer:
Watts are a measurement of power, describing the rate at which electricity is being used at a specific moment. For example, a 15-watt LED light bulb draws 15 watts of electricity at any moment when turned on. Watt-hours are a measurement of energy, describing the total amount of electricity used over time.
Please mark as brainliest.
Answer: True
Watts are a measurement of power, used in light bulbs and other electricity. It is also measured as candela (C) in SI Units. The answer to the question is true because of this measurement.
Hope this helps!
based on the half-life of Tc-99, how many half-lives have to pass for a 150 mg sample of Tc-99 to decay down to 30mg?
Answer:
2.322 half-lives have passed to decay down from 150 miligrams to 30 miligrams.
Explanation:
The half of Technetium-99 is approximately 211000 years. The decay of isotopes is represented by the following ordinary differential equation:
[tex]\frac{dm}{dt} = -\frac{m}{\tau}[/tex] (Eq. 1)
Where:
[tex]\frac{dm}{dt}[/tex] - First derivative of isotope mass in time, measured in miligrams per year.
[tex]m[/tex] - Mass of the isotope, measured in miligrams.
[tex]\tau[/tex] - Time constant, measured in years.
Now we proceed to obtain the solution of this differential equation:
[tex]\frac{dm}{m} = -\frac{dt}{\tau}[/tex]
[tex]\int {\frac{dm}{m} } = -\frac{1}{\tau}\int dt[/tex]
[tex]\ln m = -\frac{t}{\tau}+C[/tex]
[tex]m(t) = m_{o}\cdot e^{-\frac{t}{\tau} }[/tex] (Eq. 2)
Where:
[tex]m_{o}[/tex] - Initial mass of the isotope, measured in miligrams.
[tex]t[/tex] - Time, measured in years.
The time passed for isotope is cleared within the equation described above:
[tex]\ln \frac{m}{m_{o}} = -\frac{t}{\tau}[/tex]
[tex]t = -\tau \cdot \ln \frac{m}{m_{o}}[/tex]
In addition, we can obtain the time constant as a function of half-life:
[tex]\tau = \frac{t_{1/2}}{\ln 2}[/tex] (Eq. 3)
If we know that [tex]t_{1/2} = 211000\,yr[/tex], [tex]m_{o} = 150\,mg[/tex] and [tex]m = 30\,mg[/tex], then the time passed is:
[tex]\tau = \frac{211000\,yr}{\ln 2}[/tex]
[tex]\tau \approx 304408.654\,yr[/tex]
[tex]t = -(304408.654\,yr)\cdot \ln \left(\frac{30\,mg}{150\,mg} \right)[/tex]
[tex]t \approx 489926.829\,yr[/tex]
The amount of passed half-lives is that time divided by a half-life. That is:
[tex]n = \frac{489926.829\,yr}{211000\,yr}[/tex]
[tex]n = 2.322[/tex]
2.322 half-lives have passed to decay down from 150 miligrams to 30 miligrams.
How many protons does Lithium have?
Answer:
3 ................................
Answer: 3
Explanation:
yes
Which element requires the least amount of energy to remove the most loosely held electron from a gaseous atom in the ground state? 1. K 2. Kr 3. As 4.br
Answer:
K
Explanation:
please help me :( What is the correct ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen in glucose (C6H120.)?
12:12:6
01:2:1
02:1:1
6:6:12
Answer:
Either 12:12:6 or 6:6:12
Explanation:
If I remember correctly the answer should be 6:6:12
A ___ reaction takes two or more reactants to make one product
Answer:
Synthesis
Explanation:
A sysnthesis reaction takes two or more reactants to create one product
Which phrase describes neap tides?
A.) occur four times a day
B.) produce extra-low tidal ranges
C.) caused only by the pull of the moon
D.) occur at the same time as spring tides
NEED YOUR HELP.
Answer:
The answer is B
Explanation:
Neap tides are a type of to tie occuring after spring tides. It occurs when moon and sun are at the right angles to each other. It produce low tidal ranges. Hence, phrase B is correct.
What are tides ?Tides are a geographical phenomenon taking place due to the gravitational pull by sun and moon on the ocean of earth. They are long period waves causing the ocean back and forth to the cost.
During new moons larger tides appears in earth and they are called spring tides. Spring tides occurs twice in a lunar month. During spring tides, moon appears full and earth is between sun and moon.
After seven days of spring tide, lower tides are produced when the moo and sun comes in right angle to each other. They are called the neap tides producing lower range of tidal waves . During this time moon will be half full thus for the first and last quarter of the moon. Hence, the option B neap tide produce low tidal ranges is correct.
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Give an example of experimental bias
Answer:
chongus because he's the only good one
WHAT IS A NEWTON!! specifically the definition!!!!
Answer:
Explanation:
the SI unit of force. It is equal to the force that would give a mass of one kilogram an acceleration of one meter per second per second, and is equivalent to 100,000 dynes.
The diagram illustrates photosynthesis. Which best describes what is happening in the area marked X?
Answer:
You forgot to include the diagram use snipping tool to take a picture and upload it
Explanation:
Galium is a metal that can melt in your hand at 302.93 k. what is the temperature in celcius ?
Explanation:
subtract it into 273.15to convert it in to celcius
Given that one mole occupies 22.4 L at STP, show that R = .082 (atm * L)/(mol*K)
how are compounds with metallic bonds similar to ionic compounds?
Answer:
Metals do not form double and triple bonds in general because metals want to lose electrons, not share, in order to become stable, and both compounds have high melting ppints
Compounds with metallic bonds and ionic compounds are similar in their melting point and boiling point, conductivity, solubility in polar solvents etc.
Ionic compounds are chemical compounds that are formed by the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.
Compounds with metallic bonds and ionic compounds are similar in several ways. Some of the similarities are:
1. High melting and boiling points: Both metallic and ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points due to the strong forces that hold the atoms or ions together.
2. Conductivity: Both metallic and ionic compounds are good conductors of electricity due to the presence of charged particles that can move freely.
3. Brittle: Ionic and metallic compounds are generally brittle in nature, meaning that they are prone to breaking or shattering when subjected to stress.
4. Solubility in polar solvents: Both metallic and ionic compounds are generally soluble in polar solvents such as water, due to the polar nature of the molecules.
In conclusion, compounds with metallic bonds and ionic compounds share several similarities. Both have high melting and boiling points, are good conductors of electricity, are brittle, and are generally soluble in polar solvents.
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A chemist is asked to determine the specific heat capacity of an unknown mineral. The 149-g sample was heated to 92.7°C and placed into a calorimeter containing 81.4 g of water at 20.0°C. The heat capacity of the calorimeter was 12.8 J/K. The final temperature in the calorimeter was 23.7°C. What is the specific heat capacity (in J/g°C) of the mineral? Enter to 4 decimal places.
Answer:
The specific heat of the mineral is 0.1272J/g°C
Explanation:
The sample is given energy to the calorimeter and the sample of water.
The energy released for the sample is equal to the energy absorbed for both the calorimeter and the water:
C(Sample)*m*ΔT = C(Calorimeter)*ΔT + C(water)*m*ΔT
Where C is specific heat
m is mass of the sample and water
And ΔT is change in temperature
C(Sample)*149g*(92.7°C-23.7°C) = 12.8J/K*(23.7°C-20.0°C) + 4.184J/g°C*81.4g*(23.7°C-20.0°C)
C(Sample)*10281g°C = 47.36J + 1260.1J
C(Sample) = 0.1272J/g°C
The specific heat of the mineral is 0.1272J/g°C
The specific heat of the mineral is 0.1272J/g°C
Calculation of the specific heat:
The energy released for the sample should be equivalent to the energy absorbed for both the calorimeter and the water:
So,
C(Sample)*m*ΔT = C(Calorimeter)*ΔT + C(water)*m*ΔT
here C is specific heat
m is mass of the sample and water
And ΔT is change in temperature
Now
C(Sample)*149g*(92.7°C-23.7°C) = 12.8J/K*(23.7°C-20.0°C) + 4.184J/g°C*81.4g*(23.7°C-20.0°C)
C(Sample)*10281g°C = 47.36J + 1260.1J
C(Sample) = 0.1272J/g°C
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the kinetic molecules theory helps explain relastionships between
Answer:
hi :D
Explanation:
State the relationship between temperature and kinetic energy. The Kinetic Molecular Theory allows us to explain the existence of the three phases of matter: solid, liquid, and gas. In addition, it helps explain the physical characteristics of each phase and how phases change from one to another.
hope this helps
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Which statement accurately describes the atoms of a specific element? *
An indium, In, atom contains 115 protons inside the nucleus and 49 neutrons outside the nucleus.
A scandium, Sc, atom contains 45 electrons outside the nucleus and 21 neutrons inside the nucleus.
An aluminum, Al, contains 27 electrons and 27 protons inside the nucleus.
A zinc, Zn, atom contains 30 protons inside the nucleus and 30 electrons outside the nucleus
Answer:
the last one, (A zinc, Zn, atom contains 30 protons inside the nucleus and 30 electrons outside the nucleus)
A zinc, Zn, atom contains 30 protons inside the nucleus and 30 electrons outside the nucleus accurately describes the atoms of a specific element ,therefore option (d) is correct.
What are the characteristics of zinc element ?Zinc is placed in group 12 of the periodic table. It is in the first period of transition or d block elements, and fourth period of the periodic table.
Zinc is a metal. It has two valence electrons that are lost easily. Zinc forms positive ions with 2+ charges, like the metals of the alkaline earth family.
Uses of zinc element -:
Zinc is an important trace element for human beings. Zinc is used for making brass, an alloy of copper and zinc.Zinc is used as the anode in dry cells.A zinc, Zn, atom contains 30 protons inside the nucleus and 30 electrons outside the nucleus accurately describes the atoms of a specific element ,hence option (d) is correct.
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A flashbulb of volume 1.70 mL contains O2(g) at a pressure of 2.30 atm and a temperature of 18.0°C. How many grams of O2(g)
the flashbulb contain
Answer:
0.0001637 mol
Explanation:
PV = nRT
Very important formula in chem
2.3 atm * 0.0017 L = n * 0.082057 * 291 K
= 0.0001637 mol O2
This concept is very important in chem, practice it.