What was the Supreme Court’s decision in Barron v. Baltimore in 1833?

The city of Baltimore owed Barron payment for damages
The Bill of Rights did not apply at the state level.
Naturalized citizens were guaranteed equal rights.
The city of Baltimore had violated the Fourteenth Amendment.

Answer:

probably costa rica does NOT require both spouses to be present for the divorce proceedings or

costa rica probably DOES allow for divorce by default judgment, even if the spouse is still residing in the United States

Explanation:

bardai

chatgpt

The legal effect of a valid contract is not that the parties can be jailed for failing to perform. Therefore the correct option is option A.

A legitimate contract does not give rise to criminal prosecution for breach by the parties. A legitimate contract's legal implications often consist of the following:

However, unless a crime is being committed or a court order is being broken, the parties cannot be imprisoned for breaching a contract. Contract law only addresses civil problems and does not impose punitive measures.

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A Clinical Trial Agreement (CTA) is a legally binding document that outlines the terms and conditions of a clinical trial between the sponsor and the participating institution or site. The CTA typically covers aspects such as the scope of the trial, responsibilities of each party, confidentiality and publication of results, indemnification, and financial arrangements.

A Clinical Trial Agreement (CTA) is a legally binding contract between parties involved in a clinical trial, such as the sponsor, the investigator, and the study site. It outlines the responsibilities, rights, and obligations of each party, ensuring that the clinical trial is conducted ethically and in compliance with regulations. The agreement ensures that all parties involved understand their roles and responsibilities in the trial and comply with all applicable regulations and guidelines. A CTA also addresses issues such as confidentiality, data ownership, publication rights, and compensation. It is crucial for all parties to agree upon and adhere to the terms outlined in the CTA to maintain the integrity of the clinical trial and protect the rights of participants.

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Paula putting a clause in her contract with Raul that says if he fails to pay rent in the future, he must move out of her apartment immediately is an example of a condition subsequent.

A condition subsequent is a contractual provision that specifies an event or circumstance that, if it occurs, will terminate the contract or alter the parties' obligations. In this case, the failure to pay rent in the future is the condition that triggers the subsequent requirement that Raul move out of the apartment immediately.

It is important to note that conditions subsequent are different from conditions precedent, which are events or circumstances that must occur before the contractual obligations of the parties are triggered.

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When driving in rain, there are several precautions you should take to ensure your safety and the safety of others on the road. Here are some tips:

Slow down: Wet roads can be slick and reduce your vehicle's traction. Reduce your speed and increase your following distance to allow for more time to stop.

Use headlights: Turn on your headlights, even if it's only raining lightly. This will help other drivers see you and improve your visibility.

Avoid sudden movements: Sudden braking, accelerating, or turning can cause your vehicle to lose traction and skid. Make gradual movements to reduce the risk of a skid.

Keep a firm grip on the steering wheel: Wet roads can cause your vehicle to hydroplane, which occurs when a layer of water comes between your tires and the road surface, reducing traction. If this happens, take your foot off the accelerator, do not brake suddenly, and steer in the direction you want to go.

Check your tires: Make sure your tires have adequate tread depth and are properly inflated. This will improve your vehicle's traction on wet roads.

Avoid using cruise control: Cruise control can cause your vehicle to accelerate or decelerate suddenly if it hydroplanes, which can lead to a loss of control.

Be aware of other drivers: Watch out for other drivers who may not be taking the same precautions as you. Stay alert and keep a safe distance from other vehicles.

Remember, driving in the rain requires extra caution and attention. By following these tips, you can reduce the risk of accidents and arrive at your destination safely.

Answer: turn on your lights and drive slow

Explanation:

True.A scintilla of evidence will support an agency's decision on a particular matter for purposed of appellate review.

The "scintilla of evidence" rule is a standard used by appellate courts to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to support an administrative agency's decision. Under this standard, the agency's decision must be supported by at least a "scintilla" or a "mere trace" of evidence in the record.

This means that as long as there is some evidence in the administrative record to support the agency's decision, the court will generally defer to the agency's findings and conclusions. This deferential standard is based on the principle that administrative agencies are experts in their respective fields and are therefore in the best position to make factual determinations.

However, it is important to note that the scintilla of evidence standard is a relatively low bar and does not require the agency's decision to be based on substantial evidence or to be free from legal error.

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In general, prizes awarded to taxpayers are not excluded from gross income. According to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), all income earned, including prizes and awards, must be reported on a taxpayer's income tax return.

This includes cash prizes, vacations, cars, and any other type of property or goods won through contests, lotteries, or other forms of gambling.However, there are some exceptions to this rule. For example, certain prizes awarded to employees for their job performance, such as a gift card for meeting a sales goal, may be excluded from gross income if they meet specific criteria outlined by the IRS.Additionally, if a taxpayer wins a prize and then donates it to a charity, they may be able to claim a charitable deduction on their tax return. The amount of the deduction will depend on the value of the prize and the taxpayer's individual tax situation.In summary, while there are some exceptions, in general, prizes awarded to taxpayers are not excluded from gross income and must be reported on their tax return. It is important for taxpayers to keep accurate records of any prizes or awards they receive throughout the year to ensure they are properly reporting their income to the IRS.

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In this scenario, Jimmy transferred his rights under the contract to Luis. Luis is known as the assignee, which is the party to whom the rights were assigned. Once the assignment is complete, the assignee assumes the assignor's rights and obligations.

Therefore, Luis is the new party who has the right to receive the benefits of the contract and is responsible for fulfilling any obligations that were assigned to him. However, the original parties to the contract (Jimmy and Penny) may need to consent to the assignment in order for it to be valid.

An assignment is a transfer of one party's rights under a contract to another party. In this case, Jimmy assigned his rights under the contract to Luis. When an assignment occurs, the assignee (in this case, Luis) takes on all of the rights and obligations of the original party (Jimmy) under the contract. This means that Luis has the right to receive any benefits owed under the contract, and must fulfill any obligations that were assigned to him.

For example, if Jimmy had a contract with Penny to provide a service in exchange for payment, he could assign his right to receive payment to Luis. Once the assignment is complete, Luis has the right to receive payment from Penny for the service provided by Jimmy, and Penny is obligated to pay Luis instead of Jimmy.

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Answer:

If a company's profits started to fall after having added a number of new workers, it might take the following actions:

Reduce the number of new workers or halt further hiring until profits stabilize.

Increase productivity and efficiency to maximize output with existing resources.

Evaluate and reduce expenses to improve profitability.

Adjust pricing and marketing strategies to increase revenue.

Consider diversifying the company's products or services to reduce dependence on a single product or market.

Additionally, the company might analyze the reasons for the falling profits and make adjustments accordingly. For example, if the issues are due to increased costs of production or declining demand in the market, the company might reconsider the pricing strategy or explore new markets to increase sales.

Explanation:

Answer:

When a business's profitability started to decline following the hiring of numerous new employees, it might do the following:

Until profits stabilize, cut back on hiring or put a stop to new hires.

Increase productivity and efficiency to get the most out of the resources you already have. Review and cut costs to increase profitability. To boost sales, change your price and marketing techniques.

To lessen reliance on a particular product or market, think about broadening the company's offerings.

The business may also examine the causes of the declining profitability and make necessary modifications. For instance, the business can review its pricing strategy or look into new markets if the problems are brought on by rising manufacturing costs or diminishing market demand.

Explanation:

B) The law firm is a business associate because it performs activities on behalf of the hospital. Under the HIPAA Privacy Rule, a business associate is any person or organization that performs activities or functions on behalf of a covered entity (such as a hospital) that involve the use or disclosure of protected health information (PHI). As the law firm is performing legal work on behalf of the hospital, it meets the definition of a business associate.

In this scenario, Hall, Hall and Hall is a law firm retained by Champion Hospital to perform legal work, which involves the use or disclosure of PHI during medical malpractice lawsuits. Therefore, statement B is correct - the law firm is a business associate because it performs activities on behalf of the hospital that involve the use or disclosure of PHI. Statement A is incorrect because being a legal organization does not exempt the law firm from being considered a business associate. Statement C is correct because the use or disclosure of PHI is a key criterion for determining whether an entity is a business associate. Statement D is incorrect because the Privacy Rule does not prohibit law firms from using PHI, but it does require them to protect it appropriately. Statement E is incorrect because statement D is incorrect.

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The Democratic Peace thesis is a theory in international relations that suggests democracies are less likely to go to war with each other than non-democracies.

There are several explanations for this phenomenon, including structural explanations.

Structural explanations for the Democratic Peace thesis focus on the institutions and norms that are present in democratic societies.

According to this view, democracies are less likely to go to war with each other because they share common norms and institutions that promote peaceful conflict resolution.

For example, democracies are more likely to have independent judiciaries, free press, and competitive elections, which ensure that leaders are held accountable for their actions and that peaceful alternatives to conflict are explored.

Democracies also tend to have a higher degree of economic interdependence, which provides a strong incentive to resolve disputes peacefully.

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If Oriental Rug Company is successful in their breach of contract suit against Ahmir, they may receive $11,000 from Ahmir.

This is because even though Oriental was able to resell the rugs for $40,000, they had to spend $1,000 on advertising and were not able to receive the full $50,000 that was agreed upon in the contract with Ahmir.

Therefore, Ahmir is still responsible for the difference between the resold price and the original contract price, which is $10,000.

Additionally, Ahmir breached the contract by not purchasing the rugs as agreed upon, so they are still liable for damages incurred by Oriental Rug Company.

It is important for parties to honor their contractual obligations and to be aware of the potential consequences of breaching a contract.

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There are several ways to assess the strength of a political party, which can be categorized into three main arenas: electoral, organizational, and ideological.

Firstly, in the electoral arena, a party's strength can be measured by their success in winning elections. The number of seats a party holds in parliament or the number of votes they receive in an election can give an indication of their electoral strength. A party that consistently performs well in elections and holds a significant number of seats in government is considered to be strong. Secondly, in the organizational arena, a party's strength can be assessed by the effectiveness of its organizational structure. This includes factors such as the number of members, the extent of their involvement in the party, and the strength of the party's leadership. A party with a large and active membership base, effective leadership, and strong financial resources is considered to be organizationally strong. Finally, in the ideological arena, a party's strength can be evaluated by the level of support it has for its political ideology. This includes factors such as the party's policy platform, its ability to mobilize voters around its ideological positions, and the extent to which it is able to influence public opinion on important issues. A party that has a clear and compelling ideology that resonates with voters is considered to be ideologically strong. In conclusion, the strength of a political party can be assessed through its performance in the electoral, organizational, and ideological arenas. A party that performs well in all three of these arenas is considered to be strong and is more likely to be successful in achieving its political goals.

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OSHA and NIOSH are both federal agencies responsible for ensuring safe and healthy working conditions for employees in the United States.

However, there is a key difference between the two. OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) is primarily responsible for setting and enforcing workplace safety standards, conducting inspections, and imposing penalties for violations. On the other hand, NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) focuses on research, education, and recommendations for preventing workplace injuries and illnesses. NIOSH conducts research on workplace hazards, develops recommendations for workplace safety, and provides training and education to employers and employees. While both agencies work towards the same goal of ensuring safe and healthy working conditions, OSHA is focused on enforcement and regulation, while NIOSH is focused on research and education.

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Once a young person reaches the age of majority, which typically occurs at 18 years old, they gain the legal capacity to enter into contracts. Before this age, any contract made by a minor is generally considered voidable. When the minor achieves the age of majority, they can choose to ratify the contract made during their minority. Ratification refers to the act of confirming or accepting the contract and making it legally binding.

After ratification, the person has a reasonable period of time, known as the "disaffirmance period," to void the contract if they change their mind. This reasonable period varies depending on the circumstances and jurisdiction. The purpose of this grace period is to ensure that the individual has a fair opportunity to reconsider the contract and protect themselves from potential exploitation or unfair terms.

However, once the reasonable period of disaffirmance has passed, the contract becomes binding, and the individual can no longer void it. To avoid legal disputes, it is essential for young people to fully understand their rights and responsibilities when entering or ratifying contracts as they reach the age of majority.

In summary, when a young person reaches the age of majority and ratifies a contract made as a minor, they are granted a reasonable period of time to void the contract if they wish to do so. This period aims to protect their interests and ensure fair contractual agreements.

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Once a young person reaches the age of majority and ratifies a contract made as a minor, he or she has a reasonable period of time to void the contract .True or False True False

True. In the context of a quasi-contract, the term "enrichment" refers to a situation where one party has received a benefit at the expense of another party. This may occur when there is no legally enforceable contract between the parties, yet one party has provided goods or services to the other.

A quasi-contract is a legal remedy that the court may impose to prevent unjust enrichment. It is not an actual contract, but a legal doctrine that implies an obligation to prevent one party from unfairly benefiting at the expense of the other party. In these cases, the court may require the enriched party to make restitution or pay the reasonable value of the goods or services received.

It is important to note that unjust enrichment is not a requirement for a court to impose a quasi-contract. The focus is on the fairness of the situation and whether the enriched party should reasonably compensate the other party for the benefit received. The court may consider factors such as the parties' intentions, the value of the goods or services, and the circumstances under which the enrichment occurred.

In summary, it is true that there is no requirement that enrichment be unjust in order to recover under a quasi-contract. The court's primary concern is to ensure fairness and prevent one party from unfairly benefiting at the expense of the other party.

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Answer:

can provide some insights on some of the most important social changes that are being advocated for in our society. One major social change that is needed in our society is to end systemic racism and promote equality and inclusivity. Racism is a pervasive issue that affects different groups of people in various ways, and it perpetuates inequality in our society. This issue needs to be addressed at every level of our society, from the government to the private sector, in order to create a more just and equal society.

Another important social change that is needed is to address the growing income inequality in our society. The gap between the rich and the poor has continued to widen in recent years, and this has significant consequences for social mobility and economic opportunity. We need policies and programs that address this issue and ensure that everyone has access to the resources and opportunities they need to succeed. This includes investments in education and job training, as well as programs that promote affordable housing, healthcare, and childcare.

In order to make progress towards these changes, we must all work together to promote awareness, education, and understanding of these issues, and actively take steps towards creating a more just and equal society for everyone.

Explanation:

The structure of national government under the articles of confederation  is the Congress.

Here, correct option is A. The Congress.

The Congress was made up of delegates from each of the states, who were elected by the state legislatures. The Congress had the power to pass laws and maintain foreign relations, but it had no power to enforce the laws or collect taxes.

It could only make requests to the states for money and resources, and the states were not obligated to comply. The Congress also had the power to declare war and make peace treaties, but it could not raise an army or navy on its own.

The Congress also had the power to set up a court system, but it had no power to enforce the court's rulings. The Congress also had the power to settle disputes between the states, but it could not settle disputes between individuals.

Therefore, correct option is A. The Congress.

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Complete question is :-

which of the following was part of the structure of national government under the articles of confederation?

a. the Congress

b. nazis party

c. both

d, none

A, B, and C have the shifting of resources for use in the production of other goods

PPC (Production Possibility Curve) or PFF (Production Possiblity Frontier) is a graphical display that elucidates the idea of opportunity cost; meaning to create more of one object, some level of production of another must be sacrificed.

In this graph, the capability to make two separate items will be featured on both X & Y-axes, while the line delineates the maximum combinations of those given goods that can be likewise produced using all available means and cutting-edge knowhow.

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The best alternative is D. If a food employee has an infected open wound, the food manager must exclude the employee from working until a letter from a doctor is received.

This is because an infected wound can potentially contaminate the food being prepared, posing a health risk to consumers. The employee must not be allowed to work with any food until they have been cleared by a medical professional. This precaution ensures the safety and well-being of both the employee and the customers. In conclusion, it is the responsibility of the food manager to take immediate action and follow proper protocols to prevent any potential health hazards in the workplace. Restrict the employee from working with the open food.

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According to Edwin Sutherland, white-collar crime differs from other crimes, such as drug trafficking, mainly in the social status of the perpetrators and the context in which the crime is committed.

Sutherland defined white-collar crime as "a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation." Unlike street crimes such as drug trafficking, which are often committed by individuals from lower social and economic classes, white-collar crime is typically committed by individuals in positions of power and authority, such as corporate executives, politicians, and professionals. In addition, white-collar crime is often committed in the context of legitimate business activities, and may involve complex financial transactions or fraudulent schemes. The perpetrators of white-collar crime often use their positions of trust and authority to manipulate the system for their own benefit, whereas drug traffickers engage in illegal activities that are more obviously harmful to society. Overall, Sutherland argued that white-collar crime represents a different kind of criminal behavior that requires a different approach to prevention and punishment. He called for greater attention to be paid to white-collar crime and for more effective measures to be taken to deter and punish white-collar criminals.

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False. If performance by a contracting party deviates only slightly from complete performance, a breach may not necessarily have occurred. Generally, the law recognizes that a slight deviation or a minor breach may not be material enough to justify terminating the contract or seeking damages.

Whether a deviation constitutes a breach depends on the terms of the contract and the circumstances of the particular case. In some cases, a contract may specify the level of performance required, such as a certain level of quality or quantity of goods or services. In other cases, the law may imply certain standards of performance, such as the duty of good faith and fair dealing, which require the parties to act in a manner consistent with the reasonable expectations of the other party. If a party fails to perform according to the terms of the contract or breaches a material provision, the non-breaching party may have remedies such as damages, specific performance, or termination of the contract. However, if the deviation from complete performance is minor and does not affect the essence of the contract or the intent of the parties, the non-breaching party may not be entitled to any remedies.

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The arrangement described is an example of a simple contract. A simple contract is a contract that is formed without the need for a written agreement or any formalities, such as a signature or a witness.

A simple contract is an agreement between two parties that is based on mutual promises or obligations. In this case, Waynette and Tammy have agreed to a specific arrangement: Tammy will provide legal studies tutoring to Waynette, and Waynette will pay her $25 per hour for her services. This agreement does not need to be formal or in writing, but it must be based on an exchange of consideration (in this case, money for services).

The fact that Tammy is paid at the end of each hour suggests that this is a short-term, ongoing arrangement rather than a one-time transaction. However, without additional information about the duration and terms of the agreement, it is difficult to say more specifically what type of simple contract this might be.

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The humor in Algernon's line "Half of the chaps who get into the Bankruptcy Court are called Algernon" lies in the self-deprecating nature of the statement. Algernon is poking fun at the stereotype associated with his own name, suggesting that many people who share his name end up in financial troubles.

This use of self-deprecation and stereotyping creates a lighthearted and humorous moment in the conversation. Algernon's line "Half of the chaps who get into the Bankruptcy Court are called Algernon" is humorous because it plays on the stereotype of the wealthy and privileged upper class having names like Algernon. The statement suggests that being named Algernon is somehow correlated with going bankrupt, which is a ridiculous and comical notion. Additionally, the line is delivered in a lighthearted and sarcastic tone, adding to its humorous effect.

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Appellate review of an administrative agency decision will result in affirmance of the agency's decision if the record shows that the decision was based upon substantial evidence, a reasonable interpretation of the law, and adherence to the appropriate procedures.

Substantial evidence and proper application of the law by the agency. In other words, if the appellate court determines that the agency's decision was supported by enough relevant and reliable evidence and was made in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations, then it will result in an affirmance of the agency's decision.

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A) Special conditions are imposed at the discretion of the judge and probation officials and are designed to address the offender's particular situation.

These special conditions are typically included in the body of the probation order and may vary from case to case. They are intended to provide specific guidance and requirements for the offender's behavior and may include things like drug testing, counseling, or community service.

General conditions, on the other hand, are standard requirements that are included in every probation order and typically relate to things like reporting requirements, obeying the law, and avoiding certain individuals or places.

In conclusion, while standard conditions are a necessary part of probation, special conditions are tailored to the individual needs of the offender and are a key tool for promoting rehabilitation and preventing recidivism.

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Pedro's actions are known as fraud. Fraud occurs when someone intentionally deceives another party in order to gain an advantage or benefit. In this case, Pedro intentionally failed to provide Anda with important information that she needed in order to make an informed decision about the contract they were about to enter into.

This is known as intentional misrepresentation or fraud because Pedro intentionally withheld information that was material to the contract. This type of behavior is not only unethical, but it is also illegal and can result in serious consequences for Pedro. It is important for parties in any business relationship to be transparent and honest with one another in order to avoid misunderstandings and potential legal disputes.

Hi! Pedro intentionally failing to provide Anda with pertinent information that was material to a projected contract they were about to enter into is known as "fraudulent misrepresentation." This occurs when one party intentionally deceives another by withholding or providing false information that is crucial to the contract's terms and conditions, leading the other party to make decisions based on incomplete or inaccurate information.

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Answer: President Calvin Coolidge was known for his limited government philosophy and a belief in the importance of preserving individual liberties and states' rights. As a result, he generally opposed federal intervention in matters that he believed should be left to states and individuals to handle.

Coolidge believed that government should have a limited role in people's lives, and he was reluctant to use federal legislation to achieve social changes. He believed that such changes should be left to individuals and voluntary organizations rather than imposed by the government.

Moreover, during his presidency (1923-1929), the country experienced a period of economic prosperity and stability known as the "Roaring Twenties." As a result, Coolidge's focus was largely on maintaining this economic growth and stability, rather than enacting social reforms.

In summary, Coolidge's limited government philosophy, his belief in states' rights and individual liberties, and his focus on maintaining economic prosperity all contributed to his reluctance to use federal legislation to achieve social changes.

The term that refers to doctrines proclaimed as absolute true by religious institutions is "dogma".

Dogma refers to a set of principles or beliefs that are considered to be fundamental or essential to a particular religion or belief system. These beliefs are often presented as absolute truths that are not open to terms refers to doctrines proclaimed as absolutely true by religions institutions question or debate, and they may be enshrined in religious texts, creeds, or traditions. Dogma plays an important role in many religions, providing a framework for understanding the world and guiding ethical and moral behavior. However, the concept of dogma can also be controversial, as it may be seen as stifling intellectual inquiry or limiting individual freedom of thought and expression.

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Note that skunks do not completely sleep, skunks enter at times of extreme cold or over the top snowfall a state called torpor.

Torpor may be a profound sleep that, like hibernation, moderates the digestion system down, brings down the body temperature and breathing and permits the skunk to outlive without being active.

In spite of the fact that skunks do not sleep, they can burrow in their dens during particularly cold spells. This implies you'd see them most some time recently and after long periods of snow cover. Late winter is additionally mating season for skunks and they have their youthful ordinarily in May or June.

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