When ethanol and pbr3 combine, bromoethane and phosphoric acid are created.
PBr3+3C2H5OH------>3C2H5Br+H3PO3
The chemical name for phosphorous tribromide is PBr3. It can be created by the interaction of red phosphorous with bromine and is a Lewis acid or electron deficient chemical that lacks a complete octet. This process is quite exothermic.
It is a colorless liquid mostly utilized for changing various alcohols into their corresponding alkyl bromides. The reaction is an inverted configuration bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction. Alkyl bromide is the main byproduct of this process.
Alcohol attacking phosphorous tribromide triggers this reaction's mechanism, which results in the substitution of an alcohol group for a bromine atom.
H H
| |
H -c-c-Br +Mg------> C2H5MgBr
| |
H H
CH3MgBr = (Grignard reagent compound )
We can add a single carbon atom to make a primary alcohol by reacting a Grignard reagent with formaldehyde.
_
CH3CH2MgBr+ H2C=O -------> CH3CH2CH2O ----->CH3CH2OH
AQUEOUS ACID: (taking HCL as not mentioned)
CH 3 CH 2 (OH) + HCl ------> CH 3 CH 2(Cl) + H 2 O
Reaction type: double replacement
resulting product: CH 3 CH 2 Cl
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Although both sugar and salt are soluble in water, the way in which they dissolve is different. explain how their dissolving process is different, and elaborate why these differences exist.
Salt starts off as a compound, as it dissolves in ions, which always happens. Sugar, known as covalent, is bonded because they share electrons and stays together in compounds.
How do ionic compounds dissolve in water?
Ionic compounds dissolve in polar solvents, especially water. this happens when the positive cation from the ionic solid is attracted to the negative end of the water molecule (oxygen) and the negative anion of the ionic solid is attracted to the positive end of the water molecule (hydrogen)
Why do salt and sugar dissolve differently in water?
The polar water molecules attract the oppositely charged polar areas of the sucrose molecules and pull them away, leading to dissolving. Since the ions in salt and therefore the molecules bin sugar are very different, their solubilities tend to vary .
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what type of effects would you see take place on the amino acid cysteine when observing its interaction with oxygen?
The -SH is involved in the oxidation and reduction of the amino acid cysteine (sulfhydryl group). By removing two hydrogen atoms, the oxidation of two sulfhydryl groups causes the creation of a disulfide bond.
What is amino acid?
Organic substances known as amino acids have both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups. Although there are hundreds of different amino acids in nature, proteins, which are made up of alpha-amino acids, are by far the most common. In the genetic code, only 22 alpha amino acids are present.
Alpha-, beta-, gamma-, or delta-amino acids can be categorized according to where the main structural functional groups are located; further classifications relate to polarity, ionization, and the type of side chain group (aliphatic, acyclic, aromatic, containing hydroxyl or sulfur, etc.). Amino acid residues are the second-largest component of human muscles and other tissues, behind water, in the form of proteins. Aside from serving as protein residues, amino acids also take involvement in the transfer of neurotransmitters and biosynthesis. They are believed to be essential to the origin of life on Earth and its ability to survive.
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Using the information in the table, calculate the number of formula units in a 33.8 g 33.8 g33, point, 8, space, g sample of strontium fluoride ( S r F 2 SrFX 2 ). Write your answer in scientific notation using three significant figures.
The number of formula units in a 33.8 g sample of strontium fluoride, SrF₂ is 1.62×10²³ formula
Avogadro's hypothesis1 mole of SrF₂ = 6.02×10²³ formula units
But
1 mole of SrF₂ = 125.62 g
Thus,
125.62 g of SrF₂ = 6.02×10²³ formula units
How to determine the formula units in 33.8 g of SrF₂125.62 g of SrF₂ = 6.02×10²³ formula units
Therefore,
33.8 g of SrF₂ = (33.8 g × 6.02×10²³ formula units) / 125.62 g
33.8 g of SrF₂ = 1.62×10²³ formula units
Thus, 1.62×10²³ formula units is present in 33.8 g of SrF₂
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If a material has a tensile modulus of elasticity of 114 gpa and a poisson's ratio of 0.33, what is its modulus of elasticity in shear? (20 points)
The tensile modulus of elasticity. The Poisson's ratio of material,. Let. The modulus of elasticity in shear.
What is Poisson's ratio?Poisson's ratio is a unit of measurement used in solid mechanics and materials science to describe the Poisson effect, which is the deformation (expansion or contraction) of a material in directions opposite the specific direction of loading. The transverse strain to axial strain ratio's value is the opposite of that. is the ratio of transverse elongation to axial compression for minor values of these changes.
The values of Poisson's ratio for the majority of materials fall between 0.0 and 0.5. Poisson's ratio is close to 0.5 for soft materials like rubber because their bulk modulus is significantly larger than their shear modulus. Because open-cell polymer foam cells frequently collapse under compression, Poisson's ratio for these materials is close to zero.
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HELP
What is true about a pseudoscientific idea?
It can be replicated and verified.
It is improved with new information.
It ignores parts of the method within an investigation.
It tries to explain natural phenomena by analyzing, observing, and testing.
Answer:
Explanation:
Pseudoscience consists of a body of knowledge presented as being derived from scientific experiments and methods while simultaneously failing to present evidence of its veracity. Belief in various pseudoscientific ideas has been widespread in different historical periods, and even in the present day
Recall that the color of neon lights is dependent on the type of gas that is in
the sign. Helium gas produces yellow light, neon gas produces red light, and argon gas
produces blue light. Explain what is happening to the electrons of the gas atoms in these
signs and why each gas produces different light. Which electrons have the most energy?
Was either set-up successful in completely separating the methanol from the water? if not, why do you think it was unsuccessful?
The success of completely separating the methanol from the water is
Alcohol.
Why do you think it was unsuccessful?Because water is a polar solvent and methanal is also a Polar compoundBoth Water and Methanal are miscible, they cannot be separated.Polar Compounds only dissolve in Polar solvents.It is possible due to the electrical charges tugging on various solute molecule parts. The negatively charged side of a solvent molecule attracts the positively charged ions of the solid compound and vice versa. The polar compound can then be dissolved in the polar solvent thanks to this. The ions are evenly dispersed throughout the solvent as a result of this activity. Regarding the solvent's polarity, it essentially develops as a result of the bonds between atoms with various electronegativity values, which result in the formation of the molecule.When carbon forms multiple bonds to other elements, these bonds are polar. Both the carbon-oxygen double bond in formaldehyde (methanal) and the carbon-nitrogen triple bond in acetonitrile (cyanomethane) are polar.
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Vancomycin is an especially useful antibiotic for treating infections in cancer patients on chemotherapy and renal patients on dialysis. Which oh groups are bonded to sp2 hybridized carbon atoms?.
Carbonyl groups is bonded to sp2 hybridized carbon atom.
The interaction within a carbonyl group, when both the oxygen and carbon atoms are sp2 hybridized, is explained by the same hypothesis.
When a carbon atom bonds with one s-orbital and two p orbitals, it becomes sp2 hybridized. Between the three atoms, 2 individual connections and a double bond are formed. The hybridization orbitals are arranged in a triangle with bonds at 120° angles.
A carbon atom is the double to an oxygen atom to form a carbonyl group, which is a chemical organic functional group. Aldehydes and ketones, which are typically joined to another carbon compound, are the simplest carbonyl groups. Many aromatic chemicals have these structures, which contribute to flavor and fragrance.
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Calculate the molarity when 0.554 g NH3 is dissolved to make 15.0 mL solution.
Taking into account the definition of molarity, the molarity of the solution is 2.17 g/mL.
Definition of molarityA solution is a homogeneous mixture where all the particles that exist in it. The chemical present in the greatest quantity is called the solvent, while the other components are called solutes.
Molar concentration or molarity is a measure of the concentration of a solute in a solution and indicates the number of moles of solute that are dissolved in a given volume.
The molarity of a solution is calculated by dividing the moles of solute by the volume of the solution:
molarity= mass÷ volume
Molarity is expressed in units mol/L.
This caseIn this case, you have:
mass of NH₃= 0.554 gmolar mass of NH₃= 17 g/molemoles of NH₃= mass of NH₃÷ molar mass of NH₃= 0.0326 molesvolume= 15 mL= 0.015 L (being 1000 mL= 1 L)Replacing in the definition of molarity:
molarity= 0.0326 moles÷ 0.015 L
Solving:
molarity= 2.17 moles/L
Finally, the molarity of the solution is 2.17 g/mL.
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a compound contains only c, h, and n. combustion of 35.0 mg of the compound produces 53.0 mg co2 and 32.6 mg h2o. what is the empirical formula of the compound?
The empirical formula of the compound is CH₃N
How to determine the mass of Carbon Mass of CO₂ = 53 mgMolar mass of CO₂ = 44 g/mol Molar of C = 12 g/mol Mass of C =?Mass of C = (12 / 44) × 53
Mass of C = 14.45 mg
How to determine the mass of HMass of H₂O = 32.6 mgMolar mass of H₂O = 18 g/mol Molar of H = 2 × 1 = 2 g/mol Mass of H =?Mass of H = (2 / 18) × 32.6
Mass of H = 3.62 mg
How to determine the mass of NMass of compound = 35 mgMass of C = 14.45 mgMass of H = 3.62 mgMass of N =?Mass of N = (mass of compound) – (mass of C + mass of H)
Mass of N = 35 – (14.45 + 3.62)
Mass of N = 16.93 mg
How to determine the empirical formula C = 14.45 mgH = 3.62 mgN = 16.93 mgEmpirical formula =?Divide by their molar mass
C = 14.45 / 12 = 1.204
H = 3.62 / 1 = 3.62
N = 16.93 / 14 = 1.209
Divide by the smallest
C = 1.204 / 1.204 = 1
H = 3.62 / 1.204 = 3
N = 1.209 / 1.204 = 1
Thus, the empirical formula of the compound is CH₃N
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what are the safety precautions when being in the science room (200 words essay or long paragraph)
Answer:
Know locations of laboratory safety showers, eyewashstations, and fire extinguishers. ...
Know emergency exit routes.
Avoid skin and eye contact with all chemicals.
Minimize all chemical exposures.
No horseplay will be tolerated.
Assume that all chemicals of unknown toxicity are highly toxic.
More items...
Explanation:
why do bananas go bad after leaving them out for two weeks
Solve each problem. Give your answers to the correct number of significant figures.
a. 8.3 m x 2.22 m
b. 8432 m divide 12.5
c. 35.2 seconds x (1 minute/60 seconds)
a. 18 [tex]m^2[/tex]
b. 674 m
c. 4220 [tex]seconds^2[/tex]
Significant figures operation
When performing division or multiplication operations, the significant figure of the final answer is determined by the participating number with the lowest significant figure.
If the operation is subtraction or addition, the significant figures after the decimal of the final answer should be the same as that of a participating number with the least significant figure.
Thus;
8.3 m x 2.22 m = 18 [tex]m^2[/tex] (the least has 2 significant figures)
8432 m divide 12.5 = 674 m (the least has 3 significant figures)
35.2 seconds x 120 seconds = 4220 [tex]seconds^2[/tex] (the least has 3 significant figures)
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which compound(s) will not form a yellow precipitate when treated with excess iodine in the presence of naoh? select the unreactive structure(s):
Iodoform reaction is the process of heating a chemical with an alkaline solution of iodine to produce a yellow precipitate. This test yields no results for methyl alcohol.
What is an alkaline solution?An alkaline solution is one that contains a soluble base and has a pH value greater than 7. Like NaOH. Additionally, it might be a base and water mixture. Numerous industrial applications exist for alkaline solutions.
Sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and calcium carbonate are a few examples of alkaline solutions. There are several uses for each of these solutions in various sectors.
The bottom line is that all you have to do to create an alkaline solution for a straightforward science experiment is mix baking soda and water. Baking soda should be measured. Your solution will get more alkaline as you add more baking soda.
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4.2 Recent research has developed a new type of substance, ionic liquids.
lonic liquids have melting points at close to or below room temperature.
lonic liquids are used in batteries as they conduct electricity.
Explain why ionic liquids are used in batteries but solid ionic compounds are not.
[3 marks]
Ions in solid ionic compounds are not free to move, so they lack electrical conductivity. While liquid compound have excellent electrochemical stability and are inflammable-free.
How ionic liquid differs from ionic solid?Ionic liquids differ from solid ionic compounds in their characteristics. They have low melting points, for instance. Low is generally defined as 100 °C or 212 °F (this number may look familiar because it is the boiling point for water, where it turns from a liquid to a gas).
One of the most significant advantages of ionic liquids is their lack of volatility, which results in significantly lower toxicity when compared to low-boiling-point solvents. Because sudden pressure surges are not possible, ionic liquids can also result in safer microwave synthesis techniques.
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Which molecule is formed when the protein ferrodoxin transfers electrons to an electron carrier? atp adp nadp nadph
What is the optimal number of receiver buffers required for a sliding window protocol and 4 sequence number?
The optimal number of receiver buffers required for a sliding window
protocol With 4 bits, the number of sequence numbers possible = 16
How do you calculate optimal window size in sliding window protocol?Maximum window size = 1 + 2*a where a = Tp/Tt Minimum sequence numbers required = 1 + 2*a.
All the packets in the current window will be given a sequence number.Although the Stop and Wait ARQ provides error and flow control, it may have serious performance implications because the sender always waits for acknowledgment even when the next packet is prepared to be sent. Consider a scenario in which you have a high bandwidth connection and a high propagation delay (you are connected to a server in another country via a high-speed connection), but you are unable to utilize this full speed due to stop-and-wait restrictions.This efficiency issue is resolved by the sliding window protocol by sending multiple packets with a larger sequence number at once. Similar to pipelining in architecture, the concept.A flow control protocol is the sliding window protocol.The sender is able to send several frames before the acknowledgments become necessary.
so the answer is the optimal number of 4 sequence numbers is 16
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2. Why does each metal ion in the lab have its own unique spectrum when energized?
Answer: each element contains differing numbers of electrons and thus different energy levels.
Explanation: All of the atoms of a particular element have the same number of protons, but could differ in the number of neutrons or the number of electrons. If the number of electrons changes, the atom becomes a charged particle and is called an ion. Each atom has a set of energy levels associated with it.
What is the atomic number of a hydrogen atom?
Answer:
1
Explanation:
There is proton and 1 electron in the atomic structure
A student wants to prepare a sugar solution for immediate use. Explain the factors that he should consider to prepare the solution.
answer based on factors affecting solubility
The factors affecting solubility the student should consider are temperature, pressure and surface area.
What is solubility?Solubility is the amount of solute that dissolves in a solvent.
Solubility can also be defined as the maximum amount of a substance that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specified temperature.
Factors affecting solubilityThe following factors affect solubility of a solute;
Temperature: increase in temperature increases the solubility of a solute.Pressure: Gaseous substances are much more influenced than solids and liquids by pressure.Surface area: increase in surface area of a solute increases its solubility.However, there are two direct factors that affect solubility. They include temperature and pressure. Temperature affects the solubility of both solids and gases, but pressure only affects the solubility of gases.
Thus, the factors affecting solubility the student should consider in preparing the sugar solution for immediate use are temperature, pressure and surface area.
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Factories in the midwest spew out nitrogen oxide and sulfur that fall as acid rain in the northeast, and northeastern states can do nothing about it. this is an example of?
Factories in the midwest spew out nitrogen oxide and sulfur that fall as acid rain in the northeast, and northeastern states can do nothing about it.
What is acid rain?
Due to atmospheric pollution, rainfall has become so acidic that it harms the environment, primarily lakes and forests. Burning coal and other fossil fuels for industrial purposes produces waste gases that are high in sulphur and nitrogen oxides, which react with atmospheric water to form acids. The main reason for acid rain is this.
This concept is usually referred to as "acid rain" because it covers a range of acidic precipitation. Acidic deposition can happen in two different ways: moist and dry. Wet deposition is the general term for any sort of precipitation that removes acids from the atmosphere and deposits them on the surface of the planet.
Chemicals released by Midwest factories end up in the Northeast as acid rain, and the region's states are powerless to stop it on their own. Only federal regulations can address that. Different laws may have negative repercussions that spread from one state to another.
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classify each element. note that another term for main group is representative, another term for semimetal is metalloid, and the inner transition metals are also called the lanthanide and actinide series. you are currently in a sorting module. turn off browse mode or quick nav, tab to items, space or enter to pick up, tab to move, space or enter to drop. main‑group metal (representative metal) main‑group nonmetal (representative nonmetal) main‑group semimetal (metalloid) transition metal inner transition metal (lanthanide/actinide)
The classification of the metals is;
Main group/ representative metals - Tl
Main group non metal - Se, Rn
Main group metalloid - As
Transition metal - Mo
Inner transition metal - Ru, Eu
What is the periodic table?The periodic table is a classification of elements according to their atomic numbers. We know that elements are arranged in the periodic table in order of increasing atomic numbers of the elements.
Let us now classify each element as required;
Main group/ representative metals - Tl
Main group non metal - Se, Rn
Main group metalloid - As
Transition metal - Mo
Inner transition metal - Ru, Eu
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A cube containing two sodium atoms has a mass of 7.64 x 10-23 g and a density of 0.963g/cm3. calculate the length of a side of the cube in pm.
Sodium crystallizes in the cubic lattice and the edge of the unit cell is 430pm.
What is crystallizes?When atoms or molecules are strongly ordered into a structure known as a crystal, the process of crystallization, also known as crystallisation, results in the formation of a solid. Precipitation from a solution, freezing, and—less frequently—direct deposition from a gas are a few of the processes that crystals can go through to develop. When liquid crystals are formed, time of fluid evaporation and variables like temperature and air pressure have a significant impact on the crystal's characteristics.
There are two main stages to crystallization. The first is nucleation, which is the emergence of a crystalline phase from either a supercooled liquid or a supersaturated solvent. The second process, known as crystal growth, results in a crystal state by enlarging the size of the particles.
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if a plot of 1/[a] versus time produces a straight line with a positive slope for the reaction a → b c, what is the order of the reaction? a) zero b) first c) second d) third e) cannot determine order from this information
A plot of 1/[a] versus time produces a straight line with a positive slope for the reaction a → b+ c. The reaction is a second order reaction.
What is order of a reaction?
The strength of the rate's dependency on the reactant concentration determines the reaction's order. As a result, the rate of a first-order reaction will undoubtedly depend on the concentration of a single species, a second-order reaction will undoubtedly depend on the concentration of two species, and so on.
rate = k{[A]^x + [B]^y}
Thus, for the given reaction, order is 2, that is a plot of 1/[a] vs time producing a straight line with positive slope shows second order kinetics.
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0.054619 + 0.363792 + 0.217056 = ? round the answer and sig fig
Answer:
0.64
Explanation:
a water molecule can bond to up to other water molecules by bonds. a water molecule can bond to up to other water molecules by bonds. two ... hydrogen three ... ionic four ... polar covalent two ... polar covalent four ... hydrogen
A water molecule can bond to up to 3 other water molecules by hydrogen bonding.
What is hydrogen bond ?A hydrogen bond, also known as an H-bond, is an attraction that is essentially electrostatic and occurs when an electronegative atom with a single pair of electrons, or the hydrogen bond acceptor, is covalently attached to a greater electronegative "donor" atom or group (Dn) (Ac). A polar covalent bond is often denoted by a solid line, while a hydrogen bond is denoted by a dotted or dashed line. Such an interacting system is generally represented by the symbols DnHAc. The second-row elements nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), and fluorine (F) are used as donors and acceptors the most frequently (F).Intermolecular (between different molecules) or intramolecular (occurring among parts of the same molecule) hydrogen bonds are two different types of hydrogen bonding .Learn more about Hydrogen bond with the given link
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complete the electron‑pushing mechanism for the given base‑promoted hydrolysis of an amide. add atoms, bonds, nonbonding electron pairs (lone pairs), charges, and curved arrows where indicated
When a base is present, the addition of water to an aldehyde causes the following reaction:
The hydroxide ion functions as a nucleophile in the first phase of the mechanism by being able to donate a single pair of electrons to the carbon atom of the carbonyl bond. Upon addition, an alkoxide is created. Water then protonates the alkoxide, regenerating a hydroxide ion and a primary gem-diol. When two neighboring alkyl groups are linked to a carbon atom, the result is a secondary gem-diol. This would result from the substrate molecule was ketone. When an alcohol and an aldehyde combine to generate a new compound, a hemiacetal is created. This compound has a carbon atom attached to both an ether and hydroxyl group. A carbon atom that is joined to two ether groups and comes from an aldehyde-reacting species is known as an acetal group.
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true or false
The mass number of an atom is equal to the total number of
protons and neutrons.
Answer:
True
Explanation:
I'm 90% sure it's true
The chester company will increase its automation for the cure product by 2.0. assuming no further change in capacity, how much will this investment in automation cost?
By increasing its automation for the Cozy product, the Chester company's investment in automation will increase by $21,600,000.
How much does automation cost?A capital expenditure will be required to implement automation in any environment. The capital expenditure will frequently result in a significant increase in expenses for a given quarter, but it will be a worthwhile investment over the course of a company's financial statements.Automation was costly for five main reasons: Highly trained individuals who are developers in any way: They write complex code, switch VMs and browsers on and off, and deal with large-scale performance testing. Finding great developers is difficult.The risks include the possibility that workers will become slaves to automated machines, that vast computer data networks will invade human privacy, that human error in technology management will endanger civilization, and that society will become economically dependent on automation.To learn more about Automation cost refer to
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What is a metal and nonmetal that equals Ionic bond
M+NM= Ionic Bond
if possible can you show the covalent bond too?
GIVING 80 POINTS AND BRAINLIEST
A metal and nonmetal which forms or equals to ionic bond is sodium and chlorine respectively.
The force of attraction which binds or holds together two different atoms which are metals and nonmetals is known as ionic bond.
Na + Cl ------ NaCl
Metal Nonmetal
Sodium has 1 valence electron and chlorine has 7 valence electrons, sodium readily gives it valence electron to chlorine to achieve an octet configuration.
As chlorine receives this, it has 8 valence electrons too. The bonding formed here is known as ionic bonding.
How is a covalent bond formed?A covalent bond is formed mostly between nonmetals.
For instance, a covalent bond is formed between the sharing of electrons between carbon and oxygen to give carbon dioxide.
Characteristics of ionic compounds.Most ionic compounds formed as a result of ionic bonding as characteristized by the following properties:
When dissolved in water, ionic compounds conduct electricity.Ionic compounds are also used as insulatorsIonic compounds have high melting and boiling point.Therefore, a metal and nonmetal which forms or equals to ionic bond is sodium and chlorine respectively.
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