Answer:
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CBSE
Biology
Grade 11
Cell wall
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Outermost layer of the cell wall is
(A)Plasmalemma
(B)Secondary wall
(C)Middle lamella
(D)Primary wall
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Hint: The wall which is present at the outermost of the cell wall acts as a glue between the different cells. . The secondary wall is not present in every cell, it is present in few cells that alter the growth of the primary wall.
Complete answer:
A cell wall is an outer structural layer present in only some types of cells, just outside the cell membrane. It is usually tough, flexible, and sometimes rigid. The cell wall is mostly composed of two layers and sometimes three layers too. The layers of the Cell wall are as follows-
- The primary cell wall is generally a flexible thin, and an extensible layer formed while the cell is growing i.e not fully developed. It is usually made up of cellulose and it is often permeable too.
-The middle lamella, a layer rich in pectins. It is the outermost layer that forms the interface between adjacent plant cells and glues them together.
-The secondary cell wall, if present, is a thick layer formed inside the primary cell wall after the cell is mature. it's not found in all cell types.
Additional Information: The cell wall is majorly composed of the cellulose microfibrils that are linked via hemicellulosic tethers to form the cellulose-hemicellulose network, which is embedded in the pectin matrix. The most common hemicellulose present in the primary cell wall is xyloglucan.
The outer part of the primary cell wall of the plant epidermis is mostly covered with the cutin and wax, forming a permeability barrier known as the plant cuticle.
Secondary cell walls contain a wide range of additional compounds that helps to enhance and modify their mechanical properties and permeability. The major polymers that make up wood (largely secondary cell walls) include cellulose, 35-50% .xylan, 20-35%, a type of hemicellulose, and lignin, 10-25%.
The cell wall which is the farthest from the plasma membrane in plants is the primary cell wall.
What do you mean by Cell wall?A Cell wall may be defined as a specialized form of the extracellular matrix that surrounds every cell of a plant. It is made up of cellulose.
The primary cell wall is the outermost cell wall in the plants, while the secondary cell wall is the innermost cell wall in the plant cell.
The secondary cell wall is located near the plasma membrane, while the primary cell wall is located farthest from the plasma membrane.
Therefore, the cell wall which is the farthest from the plasma membrane in plants is the primary cell wall.
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What is another name for macro evolution
define biomagnification
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Increase of toxic materials in organisms from lower tropical level to higher tropical level in a food web is known as Biomagnification.
Could melanin granules be moved by dynein and kinesin along an actin microfilament?.
We can confirm that melanin granules could in fact not be moved by dynein and kinesin along an actin microfilament.
Why can these substances not be moved along a microfilament?This has to do with the fact that these proteins are specific to microtubules, and therefore are not able to move along microfilaments. This is why the dynein and kinesin motor proteins would not be able to transport the granules along microfilaments.
Therefore, we can confirm that melanin granules could in fact not be moved by dynein and kinesin along an actin microfilament.
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The passage of blood from the atria to the ventricles is regulated by which valves?.
Answer:
I believe it is the tricuspid valve
Explanation:
Answer:
Tricuspid Valve
Explanation:
The tricuspid valve regulates blood flow between the right atrium and right ventricle. The pulmonary valve controls blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary arteries, which carry blood to your lungs to pick up oxygen.
Match the image with its best description
Answer:
This seems like common sense considering there's no actual terms involved, here it is regardless:
1) D (Tectonic plate boundaries)
2) C (Convergent boundaries)
3) A (Transform boundaries)
4) B (Divergent boundaries)
In a marine food web the total biomass of algae far outweighs the total biomass of all the killer whales. Why?
Answer:
because there is more potential food energy in the algae but not in the killer whales because nothing eats the killer whales
Because there is a greater potential for food energy in the algae than there is in the killer whales, who have no natural predators because nothing consumes them.
What is biomass?The biomass of an ecosystem is what determines its structure. The energy contained in living creatures is referred to as their biomass. Autotrophs are the producers in a food chain and are responsible for converting the energy from the sun into biomass. Each successive trophic level results in a loss of biomass. Lower trophic levels almost always contain a greater quantity of biomass than higher ones do.
In the vast majority of ecosystems, the producer level contains both the highest energy level and the greatest amount of biomass. Because of this, there is a greater potential for food energy in the algae than there is in the killer whales. This is also due to the fact that the killer whales do not have any natural predators.
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The rabies virus is capable of entering the brain with the blood of a victim of the bite of an infected animal. Propose a mechanism for this to happen.
This is clear demonstration that neurons are not like other cells and that they need a unique environment to thrive and function properly. It also protects neurons from blood-borne proteins, cells and toxic factors.
why argon is called inert element?
Answer:
Helium neon and Argon are called inert gases are noble gas because they have complete its duplet as well as Octate. and no other element like Helium neon and Argon complete its octate and duplete. in the 18th period all element are inert. Which gas does not exist in air?
Explanation:
Answer:
The outermost (valence) shell of argon has eight electrons, making it exceedingly stable and, thus, chemically inert.
What are the two chemical components of chromosomes?.
Answer:
Explanation:
DNA & Protein are the two chemical components of chromosomes that candidate for genetic material
Let's review how photosynthesis works by looking at the
origin of the output molecules. Please identify which
statements are accurate.
Oxygen is consumed during the process of photosynthesis
An aquatic photosynthetic organism will produce oxygen
bubbles as it carries out photosynthesis
Only plants generate oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis
Glucose is consumed during the process of photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a process that produces sugar
Answer:
Photosynthesis is a process by which green plants turn carbon dioxide and water into food using energy from sunlight.
what causes blue whales to grow so large
Answer:
Stronger upwelling created the right conditions for baleen whale prey, such as krill and forage fish, to become concentrated in dense patches along coastlines. Whales that fed on these prey resources could forage efficiently and predictably, allowing them to grow larger.
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in your field experiment to study the gene flow between the lizard populations what type of evidence will support that gene flow has occurred?
The change in allele and genotypic frequencies in a population is evidence of gene flow.
What is gene flow?The term gene flow makes reference to the interchange of genetic material between individuals of two or more populations.
The gene flow generates a change in the allele and genotypic frequencies in the individuals of a population in equilibrium.
The gene flow may be due to migration and this phenomenon must be mediated by reproduction.
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In an example of pleiotropic genes, the flower color gene studied by Mendel affected ________ trait(s).
Answer:
two traits ,
Explanation:
In an example of pleiotropic genes, the flower color gene studied by Mendel affected a single trait.
Pleiotropy refers to a phenomenon where a single gene influences multiple, seemingly unrelated traits or characteristics in an organism. However, in this specific case of Mendel's flower color gene, it affected only one trait, which is the color of the flower.
Genes are the basic factors of inheritance. They are found in the DNA of all living organisms. They are responsible for transmitting genetic information from one generation to the next and play a crucial role in determining an organism's traits and characteristics.
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Which of these describes a pathogen that infects a human
by injecting its DNA into a body cell?
A bacterium that creates a toxin that destroys the
cell, keeping the cell from working in a normal
manner
A parasite that robs the ćell of nutrients, interfering
with organ functions
O A fungus that eats keratin found in skin cells,
causing inflammation and interfering with the skin
tissues' ability to protect
A virus that changes the way a cell works, causing
the cell to make more viruses instead of performing
its intended function
Answer:
the ans is
A virus that changes the way a cell works,causing the cell to make more viruses instead of performing its intended function.
When two alleles are dominant and both are expressed in an individual, what kind of non-Mendelian inheritance is that?
Answer:
Codominance
Explanation:
This case happens when both alleles are dominant then they will be equally expressed in phenotype
I can give you an example to understand this topic such as blood type: in the type AB both A and B are codominant = 2 dominant alleles are expressed together
Why is using bacteria to produce insulin such an exciting prospect?.
Using bacteria to produce insulin such an exciting prospect because insulin is inserted into bacteria's body.
Why is using bacteria to produce insulin such an exciting prospect?Use of microorganism for the production of industrial products is called biotechnology. Insulin is also produced with the help of biotechnology and genetic engineering processes.
So we can conclude that using bacteria to produce insulin such an exciting prospect because insulin is inserted into bacteria's body.
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In what way is an ecosystem different from than an organism, population, and a community?
Answer:
Ecosystems are made up of all the different living organisms as well as the abiotic elements that affect them. In ecology, the difference between community and ecosystem is that the community refers only to living organisms inside an ecosystem.
Explanation:
In RNA molecules, adenine is complementary to
Select one:
O a. thymine.
O b. guanine.
O c. uracil.
O d. cytosine.
ATP is a nucleotide which stores energy, true or false
Answer:
False
Explanation:
Explain how the VIH virus uses specific structures to enter the cell
Answer:
When HIV infects a cell, it first attaches to and fuses with the host cell. Then the virus uses the host cell's machinery to convert the viral RNA into DNA and replicate itself. The new copies of HIV then leave the host cell and move on to infect other cells.
What functional brain system participates in memory, learning, emotion, and behavior?.
Answer:
Limbic System
Explanation:
The limbic system of the brain is responsible for behavioral and emotional responses.
your friend has an aquarium with several exotic fish, a turtle and some plants. She is moving and can't take the aquarium with her. Explain why it would not be a good idea to dump them all into the nearby pond.
Answer:
Fish and turtles are living organisms so they should not be thrown in a pond
Explanation:
God created living things and its not nice to kill them we can eat them too but dont kill them they can feel pain too.
which of the following best describes the cycle of matter between humans and the environment?
A: humans exhale carbon dioxide which plants use in cellular respiration
B: humans inhale oxygen from plants which is used in cellular respiration to produce water
C: humans inhale oxygen from plants which is used in photosynthesis to produce carbon dioxide
D: humans exhale carbon dioxide which plants use in photosynthesis to produce more carbon dioxide
Answer:
B: humans inhale oxygen from plants which is used in cellular respiration to produce water
Explanation:
A global examination of the diversity of tunicates, a marine animal that is related to other chordates, is shown in the graph here. The equator displays the greatest number of species of tunicates while the polar regions have fewer. Which statement explains the distribution of tunicates shown in the graph? es
Answer: A) Tropical regions have more available niches into which new species can occupy.
Explanation: USATestPrep
Answer:
A) Tropical Regions have more available niches into which new species ca occupy.
Explanation:
The release of neurotransmitter from the presynaptic cell is an example of:
Exocytosis is highly specialized in secretory cells and neurons, is highly regulated, and constitutes the main cellular mechanism for neurotransmitter secretion.
What is exocytosis?It involves the fusion of the vesicular membrane to the plasma membrane, in a calcium-dependent manner that releases molecules that perform specific functions in the body.
Neurotransmitter exocytosis is an essential part of presynaptic transmission and, by extension, of the functioning of the nervous system.
Therefore, we can conclude that exocytosis is highly specialized in secretory cells and neurons, is highly regulated, and constitutes the main cellular mechanism for neurotransmitter secretion.
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The release of neurotransmitters from the presynaptic cell is an example of exocytosis.
What is exocytosis?Neurotransmitter is saved interior small sacs known as synaptic vesicles and is launched into the synaptic cleft of the synapse while a vesicle fuses with the cell membrane.
When a movement capability depolarizes the presynaptic plasma membrane, Ca2+-channels open, and Ca2+ flows into the nerve terminal to cause the exocytosis of synaptic vesicles, thereby freeing their neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft.
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How has the global warming affected the ecosystem
Answer:
disorder in ecosystems
Explanation:
The ecosystems are having a disorder due to the too rapid change of the environment since many organisms cannot adapt quickly to the new climate. An example of this is the Arctic, due to its warming too quickly, causing polar bears to migrate south and mix with grizzly bears, changing the ecosystem.
Is a 2 week blizzard a long term event? Is a flood from a hurricane a short term event?
Answer:
A blizzard can be a 2 week and intense snowstorm with very strong winds. Generally, blizzards form when cold polar air meets warm, moist air from lower latitudes, So yes a blizzard of 2 weeks can be considered long term event
Floods can occur within minutes or over a long period, and may last days, weeks, or longer.
Explanation :
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For this assignment, you will develop a model to describe the cycling of matter and the flow of energy
among living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem. This project includes both an individual and a group
part. On your own, you will research an organism that is assigned to you. In your group, you will combine
your organism with the organisms researched by other students to create a food web. Together, you will
write two short paragraphs explaining how energy and matter move through the food web.
Answer:
All I can tell you is when energy is moves through the food web it gets divided by 10
plant energy =1 0,000 (example)
that plant gets eaten by a small animal
small animal's energy gained from the plant = 1,000
a large animal then eats the smaller one
large animal's energy gained from the small animal = 100
Explanation:
I am sorry you will have to write your two short paragraphs on your own.
I don't want you to get in trouble for plagiarism.
I'm super sorry I hope this helped a bit!
How is a cell like a system
Answer:
The metabolic activities in a cell such as respiration, and biochemical reactions are one of the major factors resulting in it being a system because all the organelles have a specific function.
Explanation:
hope this helps.
What does the Theory of Evolution state and what are the 4 evidences for it? *
Answer:
Mark me brainliest please I really need itExplanation:
In biology, evolution is the change in the characteristics of a species over several generations and relies on the process of natural selection. The theory of evolution is based on the idea that all species are related and gradually chamge over time.Darwin's theory consisted of two main points; 1) diverse groups of animals evolve from one or a few common ancestors; 2) the mechanism by which this evolution takes place is natural selection.Evidence that supports the theory of evolution are fossils, embryological studies, anatomical and morphological characteristics (homologous organs, analogous organs, vestigial organs), molecular biology (comparing DNA sequences).