The FIN flag in the TCP header is used in response to a received FIN in order to terminate connectivity between two network devices.
When a device sends out a FIN, it is essentially asking the other device to end the connection. The other device must then reply with an ACK, which indicates that it has received the FIN. After this, the device that sent out the FIN must wait for the other device to send out its own FIN, which will be followed by another ACK from the original sender. Once both devices have sent out their FINs and the original sender has received an ACK for each one, the connection is terminated.
The FIN flag is one of several flags that can be used in the TCP header. The other flags include the SYN flag, which is used to initiate a connection, and the RST flag, which is used to reset a connection. When a connection is terminated, the FIN flag is used as a signal from one device to the other that the connection should be ended. The two devices then send out an ACK in response, which marks the end of the connection.
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I SERIOUSLY NEED HELP ON THIS WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST TO WHOEVER ANSWERS THIS RIGHT
Fill in the blanks to complete the “rows_asterisks” function. This function should print rows of asterisks (*), where the number of rows is equal to the “rows” variable. The number of asterisks per row should correspond to the row number (row 1 should have 1 asterisk, row 2 should have 2 asterisks, etc.). Complete the code so that “row_asterisks(5)” will print:
*
* *
* * *
* * * *
* * * * *
def rows_asterisks(rows):
# Complete the outer loop range to control the number of rows
for x in range(___):
# Complete the inner loop range to control the number of
# asterisks per row
for y in range(___):
# Prints one asterisk and one space
print("*", end=" ")
# An empty print() function inserts a line break at the
# end of the row
print()
rows_asterisks(5)
# Should print the asterisk rows shown above
The function should use a nested loop to print rows of asterisks, with the outer loop controlling the number of rows and the inner loop controlling the number of asterisks per row. The number of asterisks per row should correspond to the row number.
The given code demonstrates the implementation of a function named "rows_asterisks", which takes an integer variable "rows" as an argument. The purpose of this function is to print rows of asterisks, where the number of rows is equal to the "rows" variable, and the number of asterisks per row should correspond to the row number.
The function contains two for-loops, one for controlling the number of rows, and the other for controlling the number of asterisks per row. The first for-loop uses the range function to create a sequence of numbers from 0 to rows-1. This sequence is used to control the number of rows. The second for-loop uses the range function to create a sequence of numbers from 0 to x. This sequence is used to control the number of asterisks per row.
Within the second for-loop, the print function is used to print an asterisk and a space, with the "end" argument set to " ". This causes each asterisk to be printed on the same line, separated by a space. After the inner loop completes, an empty print function is used to insert a line break at the end of the row, before moving on to the next row.
When the function is called with an argument of 5, it should print the asterisk rows shown in the prompt.
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the video game business is said to be a two-sided market. customers buy a video game console largely based on the number of really great games available for the system. software developers write games based on:
The video game business is a two-sided market, where customers buy video game consoles based largely on the number of really great games available for the system, and software developers write games based on the potential of the console to draw in new customers.
To do this, developers must consider the console's hardware and software capabilities, the marketing of the console, and the ability to produce games with high replay value and immersive experiences.
Hardware capabilities include things like processor speed, RAM, storage capacity, and graphics cards. Software capabilities include the type of operating system, the game engine, and any other middleware that helps the game run on the console. Marketing of the console can include things like advertising, discounts, and special offers. Lastly, games must be designed to provide a great experience, with elements like story, characters, graphics, sound, and gameplay.
In conclusion, when creating games for a video game console, developers must consider the hardware and software capabilities of the console, the marketing of the console, and the ability to create games with a high replay value and immersive experiences.
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which model of memory suggests that memory processes occur throughout a neural network simultaneously?
The Connectionist Model of Memory suggests that memory processes occur throughout a neural network simultaneously.
This model suggests that memories are stored in the form of connections between neurons in the brain. It postulates that memories are constructed by patterns of neural activity that are constantly updated, maintained, and retrieved through multiple pathways. This model also states that memories are dynamic and adaptive, and can be modulated by feedback from the environment.
In this model, memories are composed of interconnected networks of neurons that form pathways, rather than singular units of information. When a memory is recalled, it is retrieved through the neural pathways created by the pattern of interconnected neurons. The strength of these pathways can be altered by either increasing or decreasing the number of connections.
The Connectionist Model of Memory emphasizes the importance of neural networks in the formation and retrieval of memories, suggesting that the process is much more complex and dynamic than traditional theories would have us believe. This model offers an explanation as to how memories can be both encoded and retrieved in an efficient manner, allowing for more effective and accurate memories.
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which software tool will best help you determine whether your test cases are fully exercising your code
To determine whether your test cases are fully exercising your code, the best software tool to use is a code coverage tool.
Know what is a code coverage tool! A code coverage tool is a software tool that determines whether the code being tested is fully executed by the test cases. It analyzes how much code is executed during a test and helps to identify untested parts of the code. To determine the test coverage of the code, the code coverage tool tracks the number of lines of code executed, the number of branches taken through conditional statements, the number of times loops are executed, and the number of function calls made. Some of the popular code coverage tools are as follows:
1. Emma
2. JaCoCo
3. Cobertura
4. Clover
5. Istanbul
6. NCover
7. SimpleCov, and so on.
From the above discussion, it is evident that a code coverage tool is the best software tool to use to determine whether your test cases are fully exercising your code.
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would a wireless access point be considered part of the network components of an organization, even though users do not connect to it with a network cable?
Answer:The choice of a wireless access point vs. a router for wireless network connectivity depends on the physical size of the network, needs of the organization and the number of users.
Both the folder and ___tab are green
Both the folder and file tab are green.
Green is often used as a visual indicator of a file's availability, meaning that it is ready to be opened and viewed. In the context of this sentence, it can be assumed that both the folder and the file tab are available to be opened and viewed.
The file tab is a part of the graphical user interface (GUI) of an operating system. It contains options and information about a file and can also be used to open, edit, or delete the file. The folder, on the other hand, is used to store and organize files. Both of these components are necessary in order to access and manage the files on a computer.
In summary, both the folder and file tab are green, indicating that they are both ready to be opened and viewed. This allows the user to access and manage the files on their computer.
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virtualization is a fairly new technology that dates back to the late 90's. question 4 options: true false
The statement given, Virtualization is not a new technology that dates back to the late 90's, but rather a technology that has been around for several decades, is false.
Virtualization is the creation of a virtual version of something, such as an operating system, a server, or a network. This technology enables multiple virtual systems to run on a single physical machine, which can result in more efficient use of resources and cost savings.
Virtualization can be traced back to the 1960s, when IBM introduced virtualization capabilities in its mainframe computers. In the 1990s, companies such as VMware and Microsoft began to develop virtualization technologies for x86-based systems, which expanded the use of virtualization beyond mainframes.
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which of the following components of program state are shared across threads in a multithreaded process? select two answers. group of answer choices register values heap memory global variables stack memory
In a multithreaded process, the two components of program state that are shared across threads are global variables and heap memory.
Global variables are variables that are available to all threads and can be modified by any of them. Heap memory is the area of memory that is available to all threads, and stores object that are created by all threads.
Global variables provide a way for threads to share information with each other. Since global variables are available to all threads, any of them can modify the values stored in these variables. This allows the threads to communicate with each other and synchronize their operations.
Heap memory stores object that is created by all threads. All threads have access to the objects stored in the heap, and can thus modify their values and use the objects. This allows threads to share information through the objects they create.
In conclusion, the two components of the program state that are shared across threads in a multithreaded process are global variables and heap memory. Global variables allow threads to communicate with each other and synchronize their operations, while heap memory stores object that can be used by all threads.
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a concept that evolved out of requirements for military information security is . question 5 options: reliable input mandatory access control open and closed policies discretionary input
Mandatory Access Control is a concept that was created in response to military information security regulations.
What categories of access controls are necessary?NIST SP 800-192 in the midst Controlled access requirements (MAC) An approach to limiting access to system resources based on the sensitivity (expressed by a label) of the information included in the system resource and the formal authorisation (i.e., clearance) of users to access such sensitive information.Mandatory access control, in terms of computer security, is a type of access control where the operating system or database restricts a subject's or initiator's ability to access or otherwise interact with a target. Mandatory access control operates by classifying each file system item, a practise that is frequently used in government and military installations. Secret, top secret, and confidential are some classifications.To learn more about Mandatory Access Control, refer to:
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internet routing is designed to be fault tolerant. what implications does that have for the internet's performance during a natural disaster? choose 1 answer: choose 1 answer:
Internet routing is designed to be fault tolerant, which has implications for the internet's performance during a natural disaster. The answer is that the internet will continue to operate, but it may not work as well as it normally does, depending on the severity of the disaster.
What is internet routing?
The network layer of the OSI model is responsible for internet routing. This is where data packets are sent across the internet. The network layer communicates with other networks to ensure that data packets are delivered to their intended recipients. Packets of data are routed from one network to another in the most efficient way possible by internet routing.
What is meant by fault tolerance?
The ability of a system to continue operating even when one or more of its components fails is referred to as fault tolerance. A system that is fault-tolerant has a redundant design, which means that if one component fails, another component takes over to keep the system running. Fault-tolerant systems are designed to reduce the risk of system failure due to hardware or software problems.
Implications for internet performance during natural disasters: The internet will continue to function during a natural disaster if the network infrastructure has been designed to be fault-tolerant. However, the performance of the internet will be influenced by the severity of the disaster. In general, when there is a natural disaster, the amount of data being transmitted across the internet increases dramatically, causing a slowdown in internet performance.
The internet's fault-tolerant design means that when one section of the network goes down, other sections can take over, and data can be routed around the outage. Internet routing protocols such as OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) and BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) allow for the rerouting of data packets through other networks when one network goes down. However, the rerouting of data packets takes time and resources, so the internet's performance may be affected during a natural disaster.
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which access list statement will permit all http sessions to network 192.168.144.0/24 containing web servers?
To permit all HTTP sessions to network 192.168.144.0/24 containing web servers, the following access list statement can be used:
access-list 101 permit tcp any 192.168.144.0 0.0.0.255 eq www
This access list statement allows any source IP address (denoted by any) to access any web server within the network 192.168.144.0/24 (denoted by 192.168.144.0 0.0.0.255) on port 80 (denoted by eq www). Port 80 is the default port used for HTTP traffic.
Note that this access list statement should be applied to the appropriate interface or interfaces on the router using the ip access-group command. The access list number (in this case, 101) can be modified to match the access list number being used on the router.
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which protocol should you use to create a link in your mobile site that will allow smartphone users to send a text message
To create a link in your mobile site that will allow smartphone users to send a text message, you should use the SMS (Short Message Service) protocol.
SMS is an industry-standard protocol that enables the sending of text messages between devices. SMS is built on top of GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) and allows for messages to be sent and received quickly and securely. To use the SMS protocol, you'll need to create an SMS URL on your mobile site. This URL will contain the phone number that you'd like the user to send a message to and can also include a message that will be pre-filled in the text box for the user. Once the user clicks on the URL, their device will open the messaging app with the pre-filled information ready for the user to send.
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the number of binary digits of an integer n is approximately equal to: group of answer choices log10n 2n 8n log8n log2n
The number of binary digits of an integer n is approximately equal to log2n.
This is because the number of binary digits of an integer n is equal to the base-2 logarithm of the number, i.e., the exponent of 2 that yields n when raised to it. For example, if an integer is equal to 64, then log2 64 = 6, since 2^6 = 64. In other words, the binary representation of an integer is the same as the power of two required to produce it. Thus, the number of binary digits of an integer n is approximately equal to log2n.
The other choices are not valid answers as they do not take into account the base-2 logarithm of the number. For instance, 2n means 2 multiplied by n, which is not equal to the number of binary digits. Similarly, log10n and log8n are incorrect answers as they are the base-10 and base-8 logarithms of n, respectively, and do not take into account the base-2 logarithm.
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question 1) (10 pts) recall that radix sort requires a stable algorithm to sort each individual column of a set of numeric values. what does it mean for a sorting algorithm to be stable? why is this important for radix sort?
According to radix sorting, a sorting algorithm is said to be stable if it maintains the relative order of equal elements after sorting. This means that if there are two or more elements with the same value, the algorithm will retain its original order in the input sequence.
The stability of a sorting algorithm is important for radix sorting because it sorts the elements of the input matrix column by column. In other words, radix sorting sorts the least significant digit first, then the next significant digit and so on.
If the algorithm used to sort the individual columns is not stable, the relative order of elements with equal values may change when the algorithm sorts the next column. This could result in an incorrect overall sort order.
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which of the following is true about an empty singly linked chain? group of answer choices the data value of the first node is null the reference to the first node is null the first next reference is null the number of items in the chain is 0
The correct option for an empty singly linked chain is "the reference to the first node is null." Therefore the correct option is option B.
A singly linked list, also known as a one-way linked list, is a type of linked list. It is a group of nodes that are linked to one another in a linear order. Each node has a data component and a pointer component pointing to the next node in the sequence.
When we speak of an empty singly linked chain, it is a chain that has no nodes. Therefore, the reference to the first node is null because there are no nodes to reference. So, "the reference to the first node is null" is the correct answer among the given options for an empty singly linked chain. Therefore the correct option is option B.
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Which of the following is true about an empty singly linked chain? group of answer choices
the data value of the first node is null
the reference to the first node is null
the first next reference is null the number of items in the chain is 0
you need to write a 10-page research paper for your history class. which of these is the best software option?
Answer: Productivity software.
Explanation:
Productivity software is a software that specializes in creating documents, presentations, spreadsheets, graphs and many other things.
as you encounter the titles of books, magazines, and internet documents you may use as sources for your research, you should
As you encounter the titles of books, magazines, and internet documents you may use as sources for your research, you should take note of the following information: author, title, date of publication, publisher, and the website URL, if applicable. This information should be recorded and kept for future reference, either in a physical notebook or in an online document.
It is also important to assess the validity of the source. Ask yourself questions such as: Is this source written by an expert or is it an opinion? Is it current? Is it well-researched? Is it unbiased? Consider the author's credentials, the source of the information, and the potential bias.
Finally, make sure that the source is relevant and appropriate for your research. Ask yourself: Does this source relate to my topic? Does it provide enough information to be useful?
Overall, taking note of source information and assessing the validity and relevance of the source are important steps in the research process. This will help to ensure that your research is reliable and accurate.
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in a process state transition diagram a process may be in one of 3 states: running, ready and waiting. which is an invalid state transition? group of answer choices running to ready waiting to ready ready to running ready to waiting
The invalid state transition in a process state transition diagram is ready to running.
This is because the process must wait for its turn to be given a CPU time slice and enter the running state. The other state transitions are valid; for example, a process may transition from the running state to the ready state when it gives up its CPU time slice and is waiting to be given another. A process may also transition from the ready state to the waiting state, which happens when the process must wait for a particular event, like an I/O operation, to complete. Finally, a process may transition from the waiting state to the ready state when the event it is waiting for has been completed.
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C++
A software company sells a package that retails for $99. Quantity discounts are given according to the following table.
Quantity Discount
10-19 20%
20-49 30%
50-99 40%
100 or more 50%
Write a program that asks for the number of units sold and computes the total cost of the purchases.
Input validation: Make sure the number of units is greater than 0
The output should be appropriately formatted; in particular, dollar amounts should show two digits after the decimal.
Show the regular price, the discount, and the discounted price for the transaction in a table.
Please write a c++ program in the simplest manner possible. This is my first programming class. Help is highly appreciated
A program that asks for the number of units sold and computes the total cost of the purchases.
Here's a simple C++ program that meets your requirements:
```cpp
#include
#include
int main() {
int units;
double discount, discounted_price, total_cost, regular_price = 99;
std::cout << "Enter the number of units sold: ";
std::cin >> units;
if (units <= 0) {
std::cout << "Invalid input. Number of units should be greater than 0." << std::endl;
return 1;
}
if (units >= 10 && units <= 19) {
discount = 0.20;
} else if (units >= 20 && units <= 49) {
discount = 0.30;
} else if (units >= 50 && units <= 99) {
discount = 0.40;
} else {
discount = 0.50;
}
discounted_price = regular_price * (1 - discount);
total_cost = units * discounted_price;
std::cout << std::fixed << std::setprecision(2);
std::cout << "Regular Price: $" << regular_price << std::endl;
std::cout << "Discount: " << discount * 100 << "%" << std::endl;
std::cout << "Discounted Price: $" << discounted_price << std::endl;
std::cout << "Total Cost: $" << total_cost << std::endl;
return 0;
}
```
Explanation:
1. Include the necessary libraries for input/output and formatting.
2. Get the number of units from the user and check if it is greater than 0.
3. Calculate the discount based on the number of units using if-else statements.
4. Calculate the discounted price and total cost.
5. Set the output formatting to display dollar amounts with two decimal places.
6. Display the regular price, discount, discounted price, and total cost in a table.
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what term is used to describe a training method that represents a real-life situation and allows trainees to see the outcomes of their decisions in an artificial environment? multiple choice question. simulation on-the-job method webcast kaizen
Option-A: The training method that represents a real-life situation and allows trainees to see the outcomes of their decisions in an artificial environment is referred to as simulation.
A simulation is a learning technique that allows trainees to develop and apply skills in an artificial environment that mimics real-life scenarios. The simulation helps trainees to comprehend the impact of their actions by allowing them to make decisions and see their consequences. It is a powerful teaching tool for topics that are difficult to demonstrate, dangerous, or impractical to re-create in the real world.
The key advantages of the simulation training method include:Providing a secure environment: Trainees can make mistakes without fear of harming themselves or others. The simulation environment also allows trainees to learn how to react to emergency situations without putting others' lives at risk.Simulation training allows trainees to learn and practice in a controlled, safe, and structured environment while also gaining experience with decision-making, collaboration, and communication.Thus,the correct answer is Option-A.
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how many bits are required to address a 1m x 8 main memory if a) main memory is byte-addressable? b) main memory is word-addressable?
a) If the main memory is byte-addressable, each byte needs an address, thus the number of addresses required is equal to the size of the main memory.
Therefore, for a 1M x 8 main memory, the number of bytes is 1M, which equals 220 bytes. Each byte requires an address, so the number of bits required to address the memory is equal to the log base 2 of 220, which is 20 bits.
b) If the main memory is word-addressable, then each word in the memory will need an address, and the size of a word will depend on the machine.
For instance, if the word size is 16 bits, then the memory size would be 512K x 16 bits. Then the number of words will be 512K, which is equal to 219. Since each word requires an address, the number of bits required to address the memory is equal to the log base 2 of 219, which is 19 bits.
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Randall's roommate is complaining to him about all of the software that came pre-installed on his new computer. He doesn't want the software because it slows down the computer. What type of software is this?
The type of software that came pre-installed on Randall's roommate's new computer and is slowing it down is known as bloatware.
The software that Randall's roommate is complaining about is commonly referred to as bloatware or junkware. This software is often pre-installed by the manufacturer and includes trial versions of software, third-party applications, and other unnecessary programs that can slow down the computer and take up valuable storage space.
Bloatware is often included as part of business deals between software companies and computer manufacturers, allowing them to promote their products to a wider audience. Many users choose to remove bloatware from their new computers in order to improve performance and optimize their system's storage.
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12. Write the output of the following program: CLS LET PI = 3.14 LET R = 5 LET Area = PI*R*R PRINT Area. END
what is operating system? group of answer choices d) all of the mentioned a) collection of programs that manages hardware resources c) link to interface the hardware and application programs b) system service provider to the application programs
Operating System (OS) is a collection of programs that controls and manages hardware resources. The operating system serves as a connection between the computer's hardware and application software. The correct option is A) a collection of programs that manages hardware resources.
The Operating System is system software that manages hardware and software resources and provides frequent services to the user. The operating system acts as a connection between computer software and hardware by allocating the system's hardware resources to the user software.
Features of the Operating System are:
Process ManagementMemory ManagementFile ManagementDevice ManagementSecurityControl of network connectivityResource ManagementMulti-TaskingMulti-UserThe operating system allocates the resources and performs necessary tasks. It also enables users to use the computer efficiently.
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Which of the following commands can be used to display socket statistics, and supports all major packet and socket types?
ss
ifconfig
route
top
The command that can be used to display socket statistics, and supports all major packet and socket types is ss.
Linux provides many tools to monitor network activity, which includes socket statistics. These socket statistics are obtained with the aid of commands. Amongst other things, socket statistics provide information on available sockets, socket states, and the type of socket commands in use. The `ss` command can be used to display socket statistics, and supports all major packet and socket types. The `ss` command is also known as the "Socket Statistics" command. `ss` command can be used in place of the netstat command in most situations. In summary, the command that can be used to display socket statistics, and supports all major packet and socket types is `ss`.
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true or false: like the osi and tcp/ip models, moore's law is a theoretical model predicting the processing cost and power that has not been observed in reality.
The given statement "like the osi and tcp/ip models, moore's law is a theoretical model predicting the processing cost and power that has not been observed in reality." is false because unlike the OSI and TCP/IP models, Moore's Law is not a theoretical model, but rather an observation and prediction based on empirical evidence.
It states that the number of transistors on a microchip doubles every 18 to 24 months, which has been observed in reality for several decades. This observation has enabled a remarkable improvement in processing power and reduction in cost, leading to the rapid advancement of technology. One of the two primary methods of data transmission in a TCP/IP network is TCP. The other one is UDP, a best-effort connectionless protocol. TCP ports are used by devices to communicate through TCP. A TCP port often serves as an endpoint identification particular to an application or service.
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true or false: the church-turing thesis states that all conceivable functions can be computed by some turing machine
True. The Church-Turing thesis is a statement about the mathematical notion of computability. It states that all computable functions can be computed by a Turing machine, which is a theoretical device that can simulate the logic of any algorithm.
In other words, any algorithm can be expressed as a Turing machine. The thesis is important in computing because it suggests that any problem that is computable by an algorithm can be computed by a Turing machine.
In summary, the Church-Turing thesis states that all conceivable functions can be computed by some Turing machine, and is important in computing because it suggests that any problem that is computable by an algorithm can be computed by a Turing machine.
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6. i have written a class with an operator which is not a member function, but the operator implementation does access the private member variables of objects in the class. what did i need to do to gain this access?
To gain access to private member variables of objects in a class by implementing an operator which is not a member function, we need to declare that operator as a friend of that class.
A friend function is a function that has access to the private and protected member variables of a class. It is because it is declared as a friend of the class. Friend functions do not belong to the class in which they are defined, but they are not part of the class members.
Friend functions are declared inside the body of a class, but they are not members of the class. As a result, they do not have this pointer to the object being called on, and they do not belong to the class for which they have been defined.
A friend function can be any function that is not a member of the class for which it has been declared as a friend. It may be an ordinary function, a member function of another class, or even a member of a derived class.
In the above code, the function XYZ() is declared as a friend function of class ABC. As a result, it has access to the private and protected members of ABC.
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the sense of solidarity or team spirit that an individual feels toward their group is called a. expressive leadership. b. group cohesion. c. instrumental leadership. d. anomie.
The sense of solidarity or team spirit that an individual feels toward their group is called b. Group Cohesion
Group Cohesion is an important factor in the success of any team. It is the connection between team members that is formed by mutual respect, trust, commitment, and accountability. It can be thought of as a sense of “oneness” that binds the group together and drives them to achieve their goals. Group Cohesion is also an important factor in group productivity and efficiency, as it leads to increased collaboration and communication among members.
Group Cohesion is created through activities that encourage members to bond with each other and build trusts, such as team-building exercises, problem-solving activities, and team games. These activities help to create a positive team environment where members feel comfortable and supported, which in turn increases morale and performance.
In conclusion, Group Cohesion is the sense of solidarity or team spirit that an individual feels toward their group. It is an important factor in the success of any team and is created through activities that encourage members to bond with each other and build trust.
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1000 POINTS PLEASE NOW
What is the value of tiger after these Java statements execute?
String phrase = "Hello world!";
int tiger = phrase.length( );
Answer:
See below, please.
Explanation:
The value of tiger will be 12, which is the length of the string "Hello world!" stored in the variable 'phrase'.
The length() method in Java returns the number of characters in a string. Here, it is applied to the string "Hello world!" stored in the variable 'phrase', and the resulting value (which is 12) is assigned to the variable 'tiger'.