The concept of product life-cycle was based on the observation that, early in a commodity's development, all the components and labor originate in the region where the commodity was invented.
Explain the concept of product life-cycle ?A product's "life cycle" can be regarded as the period from when a good is initially made available to consumers until it is withdrawn from circulation. When deciding whether it is appropriate to improve advertising, cut pricing, enter new markets, or change packaging, management and marketing experts use this concept as a decision aspect.
Products have life cycles just like individuals do. Introduction, growth, maturity, and decline are the four processes in a product's life cycle.
An concept becomes a product, but under the constraints of contemporary business, it is unlikely to advance until it has undergone research and development (R&D) and been determined to be practicable and potentially profitable. The product is then created, advertised, and launched.
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rufus, a wealthy widower, intends to gift property to his daughter, jade, to reduce the value of his gross estate. which property is best for rufus to keep?
The $10 million industrial condos that Jade plans to sell when Rufus passes away would be the ideal asset for the affluent widower Rufus to keep. So the correct option choice would be option (b).
Elaborate on the concept of gross estate ?The overall financial worth of a person's possessions and assets at the time of death is referred to as their "gross estate." Liabilities such as outstanding debts and taxable situations brought on by a person's passing are not taken into account in this amount. The total amount is the net value of a person's estate after those fees have been subtracted.
An executor, who is primarily accountable for carrying out the wishes of the deceased, often determines the gross estate values. Only those who are specifically mentioned in a legally recognized final will and testament are eligible to be appointed as executors. In the absence of a named executor, the estate administration of the decedent will be handled by an administrator appointed by the court.
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The complete question is mentioned below :
Rufus, a wealthy widower, intends to gift property on his daughter, Jade, to reduce the value of his gross estate. Which property is best for Rufus to keep?
A. commercial property located in another state worth $10 million
B. industrial condos worth $10 million that Jade intends to sell after Rufus dies
C. stock that Rufus owns in a rapidly appreciating tech company worth $10 million
D. a $10 million life insurance policy Rufus owns on his life
kermit is considering purchasing a new computer system. the purchase price is $102,048. kermit will borrow one-fourth of the purchase price from a bank at 10 percent per year compounded annually. the loan is to be repaid using equal annual payments over a 3-year period. the computer system is expected to last 5 years and has a salvage value of $8,926 at that time. over the 5-year period, kermit expects to pay a technician $20,000 per year to maintain the system but will save $73,307 per year through increased efficiencies. kermit uses a marr of 12 percent to evaluate investments. what is the net present worth for this new computer system?
A loan is a type of debt that a person or corporation obtains from a financial institution in order to meet either their own or their company's financial objectives. The interest charged on loans is predetermined.
Is taking out a loan a debt?
An agreement wherein one person loans money to another is known as a loan, which is a type of debt. The lender establishes the terms of repayment, including the amount and due date. They could also stipulate that interest must be paid on the loan.
How does loan work?
A loan is a type of debt that a person or other entity incurs. The lender advances the borrower a certain amount of money, typically on behalf of a business, financial institution, or government. The borrower accepts a specific set of terms in return, which may include any financial costs, interest, a repayment schedule, and other requirements.
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in a business organized as a sole proprietorship, retained earnings and capital acquired from owners are combined is a single account. this statement is
The given statement of sole proprietorship is true.
What is sole proprietorship?
A sole proprietorship, also referred as a sole tradership, individual entrepreneurship, or proprietorship, is a type of business owned and operated by a single person with no legal distinction between the owner and the business organisation. A sole trader does not always work alone and may hire others. The solo trader receives all profits and is personally liable for any losses and debts. Every asset of the business is owned by the proprietor, as are all of the business's debts. It is a "single" proprietorship, as opposed to a partnership, which must have at least two owners.
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assume that in a competitive equilibrium, 1,000 units are sold at $20 per unit. following the imposition of a $4.00 per unit tax, the new consumer price is $23, and the new equilibrium quantity is 950 units. what are the values of the tax revenue collected and the deadweight loss?
Both the tax income collected, totaling $3,800, and the deadweight loss, amounting to $75, are shown here in their respective monetary amounts.
What exactly does tax revenue mean?Contributions to social security, income and profit taxes, taxes on property ownership and transfers, sales taxes, and other taxes all contribute to the total amount of money collected by taxation.
Taxes are something that needs to be paid to the government by everyone—individuals, enterprises, and other institutional organizations alike.
Multiple kinds of tax income may be generated through both direct and indirect forms of taxation.
One sort of direct tax is the income tax, and another is the wealth tax. There are two main categories of indirect taxes: sales tax and excise duty.
Calculation
tax income=950*4
tax income=$3800
Deadweight Loss = 0.5 * (P2 - P1) * (Q1 - Q2).
deadweight loss=0.5*(23-20)*(1000-950)
deadweight loss=$75
As a result, tax income of $3,800 and a loss of $75due to deadweight.
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the coca-cola company says it will donate 1% of its prior year's operating income annually to global initiatives that include empowering women, developing access to clean water, and education grants through the coca-cola foundation. what social responsibility issue does this program address?
Philanthropic corporate responsibility is the social responsibility that this program follows.
A corporation's intentions, ambitions, and objectives for actively bettering society as a whole are referred to as its philanthropic responsibility. Corporate philanthropy heavily emphasises the giving of funds from firm profits to deserving causes in the neighbourhood, frequently in the form of a trust or foundation.
Being able to give back to the neighbourhood is the main advantage of participating in corporate philanthropy. Supporting local groups and people who put in a lot of effort to better society may be quite gratifying. Public perception of a firm can be enhanced via philanthropy initiatives.
Because it creates opportunities, philanthropy is significant. Projects and initiatives that could be too unpopular or contentious to receive widespread support from the public or the government are supported by philanthropy. Because of this, philanthropy plays a crucial role in democratic society.
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ricardo is a kitchen manager at a top restaurant in austin, texas. he has been working on a plan for how to maintain cleanliness in his workplace in a manner that follows all guidelines and regulations for his city. what do we call this kind of plan that ricardo is working on?
This type of strategy, on which Ricardo is currently working, is referred to as a kitchen sanitation plan.
At one of Austin, Texas's best restaurants, Ricardo oversees the kitchen. He has been developing a strategy for keeping his workplace clean in a way that complies with all rules and regulations for his city. A sanitation plan's written cleaning procedures explain what needs to be cleaned when it needs to be cleaned, who should clean it, and how it should be cleaned.
You must carry out the ensuing actions as part of your sanitation plan. Identify every area of your company, including all of the tools, utensils, surfaces that come into contact with food, and any surfaces that don't. Describe the equipment, utensils, surfaces, and procedures used to clean and disinfect those particular locations.
Examples of the quality of cleanliness include both the abstract state of being clean and free from germs, filth, garbage, or waste, as well as the habit of achieving and maintaining that state. Most of the time, cleaning can achieve cleanliness.
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A process to determine the appropriateness of training by evaluating the characteristics of the organization is called ______.
A process to determine the appropriateness of training by evaluating the characteristics of the organization is called organizational analysis.
In the field of business, organizational analysis can be described as assessing the attributes of your business such as the products, the environment, the employees etc.
Organizational analysis is a process that helps a business to focus on the factors of a business that can improved for the growth of a company.
Under organizational analysis, the company can look at the performance of the company and form strategies for improvement of the company. Organizational analysis is a detailed insight of every aspect and attribute of an organization.
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juju's dividend next year is expected to be $1.50. it is trading at $45 and is expected to grow at 9 percent per year. what is juju's dividend yield and capital gain? multiple choice 1.5 percent; 6 percent 9 percent; 3.33 percent 3.33 percent; 9 percent 6 percent; 1.5 percent
3.33 percent is juju's dividend yield and 9 percent capital gain.
A dividend is a distribution of profits by a corporation to its shareholders.[1] When a company earns a profit or surplus, it's ready to pay a proportion of the profit as a dividend to shareholders. Any amount not distributed is taken to be re-invested within the business (called retained earnings). this year's profit moreover because the maintained earnings of previous years are accessible for distribution; a corporation is sometimes prohibited from paying a dividend out of its capital. Distribution to shareholders is also in money (usually a deposit into a bank account) or, if the corporation has a dividend reinvestment plan, the number is paid by the issue of any shares or by share repurchase. In some cases, the distribution is also of assets.
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suppose that a credit card holder transfers ownership of his cell phone to his sister, who soon thereafter drops the phone in water and destroys it. even if the credit card holder has credit card-related cell phone replacement insurance, he would most likely not be able to recover the value of the phone, since he did not have a(n) interest in the phone.
Suppose that a credit card holder transfers ownership of his cell phone to his sister, who soon thereafter drops the phone in water and destroys it even if the credit card holder has credit card-related cell phone replacement insurance, he would most likely not be able to recover the value of the phone, since he did not have an insurable interest in the phone.
Convenience, credit-building, 0% financing, incentives, and affordable currency conversion are just a few of the benefits of using credit cards. Credit card drawbacks include the possibility of easy overspending, which may result in pricey debt if you don't pay it off in full, as well as damage to your credit score if you miss payments. Credit insurance, often known as payment protection insurance, is a type of insurance-linked to a particular loan or credit card account. If you are unable to pay the sum due or the installments, the protection will do so on your behalf.
It is universally accepted that when a life insurance policy is used as security for a debt, the creditor has an insurable interest in the life of the debtor. 44 There are several ways for a creditor to get money from a debtor's life insurance policy.
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in order for you to be indifferent between the after tax returns on a corporate bond paying 8.5% and a tax-exempt municipal bond paying 6.12%, what would your tax bracket need to be?
The two bonds must have an equal after-tax rate of return. Municipal bonds are exempt from federal income tax, hence we need: 8.5% * (tax rate - 1) = 6.12%
What is the tax rate on company bonds?The interest rate on bonds will be the same as the interest rate on other types of income, including wages or self-employment income. For instance, if you are in the 37% tax bracket, you will pay a 37% federal income tax rate on your bond interest. The tax rates for 2022 and 2021 are listed below.
Corporate bonds are they tax-free?
Taxes are levied on corporate bonds based on the interest collected, capital gains, and issue discounts. At both the federal and state levels, taxes are levied on interest that is earned, which is normally paid every six months. Taxes on capital gains are only owed upon bond sale.
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what is the expected return and standard deviation for the minimum-variance portfolio of the two risky funds? (do not round intermediate calculations. round your answers to 2 decimal places.)
The expected return and standard deviation for the minimum-variance portfolio of the two risky funds Expected return - 8.09%, standard deviation - 3.22%.
How to find the expected return for a minimum variance portfolio?
Minimum Portfolio Variance Formula Calculation
The incident management team implements these priorities using the NIMS components. When utilising NIMS components, incident management staff adheres to the three following guiding principles: Flexibility. Standardization. unity of purpose
How to find the standard deviation for a minimum variance portfolio?
Formula for Portfolio Variance
The standard deviation of the portfolio variance is given by the square root of the variance. In the calculation of the variance for a portfolio that consists of multiple assets, one should calculate the factor for each pair of assets in the portfolio.
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a marketing manager is determining what went gone wrong with the campaign the company planned for its product launch in south america. the manager narrowed down the issues to sociocultural factors, which would include
The management focused on sociocultural elements, which would incorporate obvious artifacts; basic principles.
Which sociocultural components are there?Societies, cultures, and systems are all included under the umbrella term "sociocultural system." A society is a collection of related, interdependent entities. A society's shared taught behaviors and the tangible byproducts of those activities are referred to as its culture.
Consumer lifestyles, purchasing patterns, education, religion, beliefs, values, demography, socioeconomic classes, se-xual orientation, and attitudes are sociocultural variables. These elements decide whether a company's goods and services are appropriate for the needs of its clients.
The importance of sociocultural influencesA person's development and capacity for function are both reliant on sociocultural elements. Sociocultural support, demands, and other factors frequently have substantial enabling or devastating effects on the course of treatment, as well as frequently have a considerable impact on the outcomes of that treatment.
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suppose that at tlie beginning of the year, a vermont maple syrup distributor found that the demand for maple syrup, sold at $15 a quart, was 500 quarts each month. at that time, tlie price was going up at a rate of $0.50 a month, but despite this, the demand was going up at a rate of 30 quarts a month due to increased advertising. how fast was the revenue increasing?
The revenue is increasing at the rate of $700 per month
Let the demand function as a function of time be = d(t)
Let the price function as a function of time be = p(t)
Demand for maple syrup d(t) = 500 quartz per month
The selling price of maple syrup p(t) = $15 per quartz
The rate at which demand was going up d'(t) = 30 quartz per month
The rate at which maple syrup was going up p'(t) = $0.50
Revenue function to find how fast revenue was increasing -
R(t) = p(t) × d(t)
Differentiating the equation -
R'(t) = p(t)d' + p'(t)d(t)
Putting the values -
R'(t) = (15)(30) + (0.50)(500)
R'(t) = 450 + 250
R'(t) = 700
The revenue is increasing at the rate of $700 per month
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for general mills, it makes the most economical sense to produce large amounts of breakfast cereal each planning period. for the average consumer, it makes the most sense to buy a box of breakfast cereal when the consumer needs one. this difference is known as .
For general mills, it makes the most economical sense to produce vast amounts of breakfast cereal each planning period. For the average customer, it makes the most sense to purchase a box of breakfast cereal when the customer requires one. This difference is called a discrepancy of quantity.
The discrepancy of quantity refers to the difference between the amount of product a manufacturer produces and the amount consumers want to buy. Discrepancy of quantity occurs due to the mismatch between the amount of goods and products produced and the amount of goods and products needed by the consumers.
For example, a clothing mill produces a vast quantity of a single fabric for making shirts, because the mill has to weave a minimum of thousand meters of cloth for one single design. But individual customers need only a few meters for their use. This difference in the quantity produced by manufacturers and the quantity required by customers is termed as the discrepancy of quantity.
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the method of estimating inventory that uses records of the selling prices of the merchandise is called a.average cost method b.inventory turnover method c.retail method d.gross profit method
The method of estimating inventory that uses records of the selling prices of the merchandise is called retail method. The correct answer would be option C.
An accounting technique called the "Retail Inventory Method" is used to predict the value of a store's inventory over time. To calculate it, add up the total list price of all the items in your inventory, deduct the total sales and then multiply the result by the cost to retail rate.
In order to avoid awkward situations where a customer requests an item they don't have, retail establishments and restaurants who need a way to keep track of their particular items must use the retail inventory method. Despite being helpful, this strategy is insufficient for year end financial statements due to its approach.
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what is ghanas general economic condition? why is it qualified to make a global fund application? does it carry significant debt burden and how does this impact the availability of services? (100-200 words below)
Ghana has a significant danger of debt crisis and urgently needs IMF assistance. Application eligibility for global funds is based on a country's income level and disease load. Regardless of the prevalence of diseases, all low- and lower-middle income countries are eligible.
What are the impacts of debt burden on Ghana ?The large level of debt Ghana is carrying may potentially induce capital flight by increasing the likelihood of currency devaluation, tax rises, and the desire to preserve the true worth of financial assets. In consequence, capital flight lowers domestic savings and investment, which lowers GDP, the tax base, and the ability to service debt. The Ghanaian private sector's ability to import goods, its competitiveness, and its ability to attract investment, all of which are constrained by the diversion of foreign currency to debt payments.
Due to the pervasiveness of government debt in the financial system, downgrades by foreign credit rating agencies increase sovereign risk, which has a negative impact on domestic banks' funding costs through a variety of channels. The domestic banking industry will be impacted by the country's public debt downgrade depending on how focused they are on domestic operations, how dependent they are on income from the government, and how much of their capital is exposed to government debt. Four key channels in which the local banking system may be impacted by the downgrading of sovereign debt are:
The balance sheets of banks are weakened by losses on holdings of government debt, which raises their risk and increases the cost and difficulty of obtaining credit. The value of the collateral that banks might use to secure wholesale funding and central bank liquidity is also diminished by increasing sovereign risk. When a sovereign is downgraded by a credit rating agency, domestic banks' ratings typically suffer as a result. increasing their expenses for wholesale financing and even limiting their access to the market. Banks have fewer funding benefits from implicit and explicit government guarantees when the sovereign is weaker.
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ace products manufactures and markets a product called grow tall. ace claims in its advertising that grow tall will make its users grow a minimum of six inches taller than their current height. the federal trade commission (ftc) will likely find that the ad is:
The federal trade commission will likely find that the ad is: deceptive, and the FTC may issue a cease-and-desist order.
A court or government organization has the authority to issue a cease and desist order. A firm or an individual may send a cease and desist letter. It is a request, but if it is not complied with, legal action may be taken. A cease and desist letter informs the receiver of an alleged violation of the sender's rights in either situation and requests an end to the infringement. Cease and desist letters or orders frequently address claims of copyright violations, intimidation, slander, and contract violations. A cease and desist letter can be a quick and affordable substitute for pricey legal action.
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ullrich printing inc. paid out $21,750 of common dividends during the year. it ended the year with $187,900 of retained earnings versus the prior year's retained earnings of $135,100. how much net income did the firm earn during the year?
The net income of the firm will be equal to $74550.
Dividends may be defined as a part of the organization which the organization provides its shareholders. Whenever a profit is earned a part of this profit is given to the shareholders. We can determine the net income by using the ending retained earnings. The formula is given by
Ending retained earnings = Beginning retained earnings + Net income - dividends
According to the question, ending retained earnings = $187900, Beginning retained earnings = $135100 and Dividends = $21750
The Net income will be
Net income = ending retained earnings - beginning retained earnings + dividends
Net Income = $187900 - $135100 + $21750
Net Income = $74550 which is the required amount.
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which of the following is a component of the monetary base? a) bonds held by banks, loans, and bank reserves b) currency in circulation plus bank reserves c) currency in circulation plus checkable deposits d) bonds held by banks plus checkable deposits e) the sum of currency in circulation, bank reserves, and checkable deposits
All cash and liquid assets in an economy on the day it is measured are included in the money supply. It consists of both cash and bank deposits that are readily accessible and usable as cash.
By placing restrictions on banks' ability to retain reserves, bank regulators have an impact on the money supply.
The amount of money in circulation, on hand as deposits in commercial banks, or both, plus the total amount of reserves held by the Federal Reserve, is the monetary base. The monetary base is a part of the money supply that only includes the most liquid assets, such as cash in the form of bills, coins, and bank deposits.
As an illustration, suppose a country has 800 million units of currency in circulation and the central bank there has 20 billion units of currency in reserve, which are deposits from the commercial banks of the nation. The sum of the currency in circulation and the reserves makes up the country's money base.
20B + 800M = 20.8B
As a result, the nation's monetary base is made up of 20.8 billion currency units.
For instance, the US had a monetary base of about $3.9 trillion by June 2016.
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which of the following individuals would be the best fit as the chief executive officer (ceo) of a startup? a. jamal, a web developer b. katelyn, an engineer c. mia, a scientist d. all of these are correct. e. none of these are correct.
Neither Jamal, a web developer, Katelyn, an engineer nor Mia, a scientist are individuals who would be the best fit as the chief executive officer (ceo) of a startup.
Who is a chief executive officer?Basically, a chief executive officer (CEO) are also known as a central executive officer (CEO), chief administrator officer (CAO) or just chief executive (CE). This officer is one of a number of corporate executives charged with the management of an organization, most especially in an independent legal entity such as a company or nonprofit institution.
A typical chief executive officer find roles in a range of organizations including the public and private corporations, non-profit organizations and even some government organizations.
The chief executive officer of a company typically reports to the board of directors and is charged with maximizing the value of the business which may include maximizing the share price, market share, revenues etc.
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average and poor business writers are more likely than excellent writers to focus on the stage first. multiple choice question. reviewing drafting planning
The answer is drafting
average and poor business writers are more likely than excellent writers to focus on the stage first is drafting.
What is the first stage in problem-solving in business?
In light of this, we must first acknowledge that there is a problem, then pinpoint its origin, then compile all relevant information, and last consider all of our choices. You can use the five methods listed below to help you tackle even the most challenging issues.
In order to solve business difficulties, follow these three steps: Determine the issue. Think about your possibilities. Select the ideal answer.
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suppose a firm is operating in a competitive market and is maximizing profit by producing at the point where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. now suppose that consumer wealth decreases in this market (and the good is a normal good). what might you expect to happen to the price and the profit-maximizing output quantity for the firm?
The correct option is B. For the firm is operating in a competitive market price in the market would decrease, and the firm's profit-maximizing output would decrease.
A market is said to be competitive when there are many buyers and sellers and no one buyer or seller has any control over the price of the items being sold. Perfect competition is another name for a market that is competitive. No one controls the market in a competitive one, and there is no distinction between the competing businesses' products in terms of quality, cost, or volume. Understanding that competitive markets are hypothetical and not actual is among the most crucial things to do. Although some markets meet the conditions and exhibit the traits of a competitive market or perfect competition, none of them actually do.
Suppose a firm is operating in a competitive market and is maximizing profit by producing at the point where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. Now suppose that consumer wealth decreases (and the good is a normal good). What might you expect to happen to the price and the profit-maximizing output of the firm?
A. Price in the market would increase, and the firm's profit-maximizing output would increase.
B. Price in the market would decrease, and the firm's profit-maximizing output would decrease.
C. Price in the market would decrease, and the firm's profit-maximizing output would increase.
D. Price in the market would increase, and the firm's profit-maximizing output would decrease.
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which profit-oriented pricing objective is common in many firms because the targets can be set and performance measured quickly? multiple choice question. unit volume maximization target return managing for long-run profits maximizing current profit
Profitability pricing targets, which establish a connection between the advantages offered by a certain activity or thing and the expenditure of money or other resources, include those that aim to maximize profits or achieve a target return on investment.
For a business, profitability has three different goals. usually expressed in terms of ROI or ROA
long-term management of profitability
increasing gains already made
Target Reviewer
When knowledge and skill are combined, high-quality products can be created and eventually succeed in competitive markets.
Contrary to its development cost, the price of commodities is comparatively low. However, the government anticipates eventually making more money since it has a substantial market position in a corporation.
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a global market entry strategy in which a foreign company and a local firm invest together to create a local business in order to share ownership, control, and profits of the new company is referred to as
A global market entry strategy in which a foreign company and a local firm invest together to create a local business in order to share ownership, control, and profits of the new company is referred to as Joint venture.
What's joint venture explain?
A joint venture is a combination of two or further parties that seek the development of a single enterprise or design for profit, participating the pitfalls associated with its development. The parties to the common venture must be at least a combination of two natural persons or realities.
How do common venture shares gains?The common venture parties partake in the specific and identifiable fiscal and impalpable gains and losses. also, the members partake certain rudiments of the operation and control of the common venture.
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which barrier to entry results in the creation of a natural monopoly? group of answer choices patents and copyrights. economies of scale. ownership of a vital resource. legal barriers like government franchises.
Economies of scale result in the creation of a natural monopoly.
Elaborate on natural monopolies.If one company can serve a market more affordably than any combination of two or more enterprises, that market has a natural monopoly.
Natural monopolies do not result through the actions of governments or competitors, but rather from the characteristics of productive technology, frequently in conjunction with market demand. Generally speaking, natural monopolies are characterized by marginal cost and long-run average curves that are sharply falling, leaving only the opportunity for one firm to fully take advantage of the market's economies of scale.
In essence, size and scope efficiencies that are considered in relation to market demand are what allow for natural monopolies to emerge.
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The complete question is:
"Which barrier to entry results in the creation of a natural monopoly?
a. Legal barriers like government franchises.
b. Economies of scale.
c. Ownership of a vital resource.
d. Patents and copyrights."
belle and ariel, both 15 years of age, enter into a written contract. in the contract, belle agrees to do ariel's math homework for two weeks for $50, and ariel agrees to pay belle at the end of the two-week period. this contract is:
Belle agrees to do ariel's math homework for two weeks for $50, and ariel agrees to pay belle at the end of the two-week period. this contract is Voidable.
A legal term for a transaction or conduct that is valid but may be revoked by one of the participants is "voidable." In contrast to void ab initio (or void from the beginning) and unenforceable, voidable is most frequently used. Despite the fact that local laws differ, most disagreements over whether a transaction is invalid or voidable center on the ability to transfer title to goods. A contract is a legally binding agreement that creates, defines, and governs the parties' respective rights and obligations. In many jurisdictions, title to the goods still flows under the transaction even if it is valid but voidable. The foundation of contract law, which is the area of the law of obligations pertaining to contracts, is the idea that agreements must be upheld.
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a stock is expected to pay the dividend of $1 per share in two months and in five months. the stock price is $50, and the risk-free interest rate is 8% per annum with continuous compounding for all maturities. what are the forward price and the initial value of a six-month forward contract on the stock?
The forward contract's initial value is 50.01 and its forward price is 1.9540.
Forward Contract: What is it?A forward contract is a sort of derivative in which the underlying asset is sold at a defined price and at a later time. The contract includes the writer and the buyer as the two parties. Interest, currency exchange rates, metal, stocks, etc. are examples of the underlying asset in a derivative contract.
Given:
Dividend = $1 per share
Stock price = $50
Risk-free rate = 8% per annum
Present value of income from security= ( dividend X [tex]e^{-risk- free interest rate X \frac{2}{12} }[/tex]) + (dividend X [tex]e^{-risk- free rate X \frac{5}{12} }[/tex] )
= ( 1 X [tex]e^{-0.08 X \frac{2}{12} }[/tex] ) + (1 X [tex]e^{- 0.08 X \frac{5}{12} }[/tex] )
= (1 X 0.98676) + (1 x 0.96722)
= 0.98676 + 0.96722
= 1.9540
Forward Price = (stock price - present value of income from security) X [tex]e^{- risk - free rate X \frac{6}{12} }[/tex]
= ( 50- 1.9540) X [tex]e^{-0.08 X \frac{6}{12} }[/tex]
= 48.046 X 1.041
= 50.01
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wingate company, a wholesale distributor of electronic equipment, has been experiencing losses for some time, as shown by its most recent monthly contribution format income statement: sales $ 1,550,000 variable expenses 618,000 contribution margin 932,000 fixed expenses 1,025,000 net operating income (loss) $ (93,000) in an effort to resolve the problem, the company would like to prepare an income statement segmented by division. accordingly, the accounting department has developed the following information: division east central west sales $ 400,000 $ 610,000 $ 540,000 variable expenses as a percentage of sales 49% 32% 42% traceable fixed expenses $ 275,000 $ 327,000 $ 194,000 required: 1. prepare a contribution format income statement segmented by divisions. 2-a. the marketing department has proposed increasing the west division's monthly advertising by $21,000 based on the belief that it would increase that division's sales by 18%. assuming these estimates are accurate, how much would the company's net operating income increase (decrease) if the proposal is implemented? 2-b. would you recommend the increased advertising?
1. The preparation of a contribution format income statement segmented by divisions is as follows:
Wingate Company
Segmented Contribution-Format Income StatementEast Central West Total
Sales $ 400,000 $ 610,000 $ 540,000 $1,550,000
Variable expenses 196,000 195,200 226,400 617,600
Contribution margin $204,000 $414,800 $313,600 $932,400
Traceable fixed expenses $275,000 $ 327,000 $ 194,000 $796,000
Segment net income/loss ($71,000) $87,800 $119,600 $136,400
Common fixed expenses $229,000
Net loss $92,600
2a) The net operating income of Wingate Company would increase by $34,976 or the net loss reduces by $34,976.
2b) If the increased advertising for the West's Division would increase West's net income by $34,976, I would highly recommend it.
What is a segmented income statement?A segmented income statement is a financial statement that shows the financial performance of each division or department in a company.
Preparing a segmented income statement helps management to understand the divisions' performances to encourage improvement, reward, and control.
Wingate Company
Contribution-Format Income StatementSales $ 1,550,000
Variable expenses 618,000
Contribution margin 932,000
Fixed expenses 1,025,000
Net operating income (loss) $ (93,000)
East Central West
Sales $ 400,000 $ 610,000 $ 540,000
Variable expenses as a percentage of sales 49% 32% 42%
Traceable fixed expenses $ 275,000 $ 327,000 $ 194,000
Wingate Company
Segmented Contribution-Format Income StatementEast Central West Total
Sales $ 400,000 $ 610,000 $ 637,200 $1,647,200
Variable expenses 196,000 195,200 267,624 658,824
Contribution margin $204,000 $414,800 $369,576 $988,376
Traceable fixed expenses $275,000 $ 327,000 $ 215,000 $817,000
Segment net income/loss ($71,000) $87,800 $154,576 $171,376
Common fixed expenses $229,000
Net loss $57,624
Reduction in Net Loss:Old proposal = $92,600
New proposal = $57,624
Loss Reduction = $34,976
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concertville is hosting a series of outdoor concerts in the park. the concert series will cost the city $600 to host. city officials expect the concert series to draw a crowd of 150 people, 25 of whom will free ride. based on this information, how much should city officials charge for the concert series in order to cover the $600 expense?
City officials should charge $4.8 per person for the concert series in order to cover the $600 expense.
Expected number of people = 150
Expected number of people that would free ride = 25
Number of expected people to pay the amount -
Expected number of people - Expected number of people that would free ride
= 150 - 25
= 125
Cost to charge per person -
Total cost / Number of expected people to pay
= 600 / 125
= 4.8
Therefore, city officials should charge $4.8 per person for the concert series in order to cover the $600 expense.
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required assume that joey's bike shop uses the allowance method of accounting for uncollectible accounts and estimates that 1 percent of its sales on account will not be collected. answer the following questions: what is the accounts receivable balance at december 31, year 1? what is the ending balance of allowance for doubtful accounts at december 31, year 1, after all entries and adjusting entries are posted? what is the amount of uncollectible accounts expense for year 1? what is the net realizable value of accounts receivable at december 31, year 1?
Receivables, loans, or other debts with essentially zero prospect of being paid off are considered accounts uncollectible. A debt may become uncollectible for a variety of reasons, such as the debtor's bankruptcy, an inability to locate the debtor, the debtor's fraud, or a lack of adequate documents to support the existence of the debt.
What kind of account is considered to be uncollectible?A T-account for accounts receivable keeps track of the total amount owed by all of a company's clients. The expected amount that will eventually need to be written off as uncollectible is reflected in a second account (often known as the allowance for doubtful accounts or the provision for uncollectible accounts).
2% of net credit sales are represented by the uncollectible accounts expense balance. When the net-sales approach is applied, the balance in this account will always be a function of a predetermined percentage of credit sales.
Example
Bicycle parts are offered for purchase at Joey's Bike Shop. Despite making most of its transactions in cash, it also does a sizable number of credit sales. In its first year of business in 2018, Joey's Bike Shop encountered the following:
Sales on account = $271400
Cash sales =623.100
Collections of accounts receivable = 257.830
Uncollectible accounts charged off during the year =1335
Account Receivable = 12 215
Uncollectible account expense = 2714.
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