Who determines the "Conditions of Satisfaction" for the user stories?

True, it can take some time for the working instance of Linux and windows OS to load

​

When a computer is switched on or rebooted, the boot process is set in motion to load the necessary operating systems. This requires multi-level initialisation, consisting of hardware initialisation, kernel loading for the OS, and commencement of system services and processes.

Conditional to the machinery settings, user preferences, and installed applications - boot time can extend from mere seconds to minutes.

Multiple components, such as the speed of the processor (CPU), the RAM capacity, the type and rate of storage mediums (notably hard drives & SSDs) and the complexity of the configuration setup, can affect how long an operating system takes to start up.

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The service in AWS that assists your security efforts using roles, users, and groups is (b) IAM, which stands for Identity and Access Management. IAM enables you to manage access to AWS resources securely. With IAM, you can create and manage AWS users and groups and assign permissions to allow or deny their access to specific resources.

This helps to ensure that your AWS environment is secure, and only authorized individuals have access to the necessary resources.

Roles are an essential aspect of IAM, as they help you define sets of permissions for specific tasks. Instead of assigning permissions directly to users or groups, you can assign them to roles and then grant users and groups access to those roles. This makes managing permissions more efficient and organized.

In conclusion, AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) is the service that helps strengthen your security efforts by allowing you to create and manage users, groups, and roles. This makes it easier to control access to your AWS resources and maintain a secure environment.

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An advantage that enterprise systems have over standalone applications is their ability to provide seamless integration and centralization.

Enterprise systems are designed to manage and coordinate the various business processes within an organization, such as finance, sales, production, and human resources. By centralizing these functions, enterprise systems can improve data consistency, streamline workflow, and eliminate redundancies.

Standalone applications, on the other hand, are designed to perform specific tasks and often lack the capability to integrate with other applications or systems. This can result in inefficiencies, data inconsistencies, and increased workload for employees who must manually transfer data between systems.

In contrast, enterprise systems facilitate real-time communication and data sharing between departments, ensuring that all team members have access to accurate and up-to-date information. This enables organizations to make better-informed decisions, improve collaboration, and increase productivity.

Moreover, enterprise systems offer scalability and flexibility, allowing organizations to grow and adapt to changing market conditions. As business requirements evolve, enterprise systems can be easily customized or upgraded to meet new demands, without the need to purchase and integrate multiple standalone applications.

In summary, enterprise systems offer significant advantages over standalone applications in terms of integration, centralization, data consistency, workflow efficiency, and adaptability, ultimately contributing to improved business performance and long-term success.

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The value used to distinguish the preference of routing protocols is called the administrative distance. Administrative distance is a measure of the trustworthiness of a particular routing protocol. It is used to compare routing information received from different routing protocols, with lower values indicating a more trustworthy protocol.

For example, if a router receives a routing update from two different protocols, it will choose the route with the lowest administrative distance as the preferred route.

Metrics, weight, distance, and cost are all factors that can be used to determine the best path for a packet to take through a network. However, administrative distance is specifically used to distinguish between different routing protocols and their relative trustworthiness.

In summary, the preference of routing protocols is distinguished by the administrative distance value. This value determines which routing protocol is considered more trustworthy and will be used to determine the preferred route for a packet.

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One newer alternative in the IDS marketplace is Suricata. It is an open-source IDS engine that is designed to provide high-performance and extensive network security monitoring capabilities.

Suricata is known for its ability to inspect and analyze network traffic in real-time, and it can also detect and prevent a wide range of cyber threats, including malware, intrusions, and network attacks. Compared to traditional IDS solutions, Suricata is more flexible and customizable, allowing security teams to fine-tune their detection and response capabilities. Additionally, Suricata is compatible with various operating systems and integrates seamlessly with other security tools, making it a popular choice for organizations looking for an effective and affordable IDS solution.

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The statement "An algorithm is a repeatable process that produces the same result when it receives the same input" is true.

An algorithm is a set of instructions or steps that solve a particular problem or perform a specific task. It takes in input data and processes it in a specific way to produce a desired output. The key characteristic of an algorithm is that it is deterministic, meaning that it will always produce the same output for the same input. This is important because it ensures that the algorithm is reliable and consistent, which is essential for many applications, such as data analysis, machine learning, and computer programming. By having the same input produce the same output, algorithms can be tested and verified for accuracy and efficiency. This predictability also allows for the development of automated systems that can perform tasks without human intervention. In summary, algorithms are repeatable processes that follow a set of instructions to produce a specific output and will always produce the same result when given the same input.

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To deploy 802.11n technology for direct communication between two computers using a wireless connection, the ad-hoc wireless mode would be the best configuration to use. Ad-hoc mode allows devices to connect directly to each other without the need for a central access point or router.

This means that two computers can connect to each other directly and communicate wirelessly, without the need for a wired connection or an intermediary device. 802.11n technology offers high-speed wireless communication, which can be beneficial for direct communication between two computers. It allows for faster data transfer speeds and a more stable wireless connection compared to earlier wireless standards. With ad-hoc mode, the two computers can communicate with each other using the same wireless network name and security settings.

Setting up an ad-hoc wireless network is relatively simple, and can be done through the network settings on each computer. Once the two computers are connected to each other through the ad-hoc network, they can share files, printers, and other resources without the need for additional hardware or software. In summary, using the ad-hoc wireless mode configuration is the best way to deploy 802.11n technology for direct communication between two computers using a wireless connection. This configuration allows for high-speed wireless communication and eliminates the need for additional hardware or a central access point.

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In the given code, the method firstHalf() takes an array of integers 'nums' as input and returns a new array with a copy of the first half of all elements in the 'nums' array. To create a new array to store the first half of the elements, we need to declare and initialize a new array of integers with a size equal to half the length of the 'nums' array. Thus correct answer is d. int[] halfNums = new int[size];.

Option a (int[] halfNums) is only declaring a variable but not initializing it, so it cannot be used to store the first half of the elements.

Option b (int halfNums = new int[size]) is creating a new integer variable 'halfNums' and initializing it with a new integer array of size 'size'. However, we need to create an array of integers, not just a single integer variable. So this option is also incorrect.

Option c (int[] halfNums = new int[nums.length]) is creating a new integer array with the same length as the 'nums' array. This is not what we need as we only want the first half of the elements.

Option d (int[] halfNums = new int[size]) is creating a new integer array 'halfNums' with the required size of half the length of 'nums' array. This is the correct option as it creates a new array to store the first half of the elements.

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The statement is False. When creating a new app from within a developer portal, whether the team server is automatically enabled or not depends on the specific platform or development environment being used.

In some cases, the team server may be automatically enabled, while in others it may not be. The team server is a feature or component in some software development platforms that allows for collaboration and version control among team members working on the same app or project. It provides functionalities such as versioning, code sharing, and merging changes made by different team members. However, the team server is not a standard feature in all developer portals or development environments. Some developer portals or platforms may not have a team server feature at all, while others may require manual  or setup to enable it.

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The team should give up on the Five Whys technique and move on to a different problem-solving approach. The Five Whys technique is meant to be iterative, and it may take more than five Iterations to uncover the true root cause of a problem.

Conducting further iterations of the Five Whys technique: The Five Whys is a systematic approach to identifying the root cause of a problem by repeatedly asking "why" to delve deeper into the underlying causes. If the team believes that the real root cause hasn't been uncovered after the fifth iteration, they can continue to conduct additional iterations to further investigate and explore potential causes.

Using other problem-solving techniques: While the Five Whys is a popular and effective technique, it may not always uncover the true root cause of a problem. The team can consider using other problem-solving techniques, such as the Fishbone (Ishikawa) diagram, Root Cause Analysis (RCA), or Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), to approach the problem from a different perspective and identify the real root cause.

Involving a diverse set of stakeholders: Sometimes, the team's perspective or knowledge may be limited, and involving a diverse set of stakeholders, including subject matter experts or individuals from different departments or disciplines, can provide fresh insights and perspectives on the problem. The team can consider bringing in additional expertise to help uncover the real root cause.

Collecting additional data or conducting experiments: The team may need more data or evidence to accurately identify the real root cause. They can collect additional data, conduct experiments, or perform tests to gather more information and validate their assumptions. This may help uncover the true underlying cause of the problem.

Escalating to higher management or seeking external help: If the team is still unable to identify the real root cause after exhausting different avenues, they may consider escalating the issue to higher management or seeking external help, such as involving a consultant or expert, to provide a fresh perspective and uncover the elusive root cause.

In summary, the team can explore various avenues to uncover the real root cause of the problem, including conducting more iterations of the Five Whys, using other problem-solving techniques, involving diverse stakeholders, collecting additional data or conducting experiments, or seeking external help.

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To define a function named "count_vowels" with one parameter of type str (a string), you can use the following code:
def count_vowels(input_string: str) -> int: """
   

This function takes a string as input and returns the count of the number of vowels that appear in the input string.
   """

vowel_count = 0
   vowels = ['a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u', 'A', 'E', 'I', 'O', 'U']
   for char in input_string:
       if char in vowels:
           vowel_count += 1
   return vowel_count
This function takes an input string and counts the number of vowels that appear in the string. It uses a loop to iterate through each character in the string and checks if the character is a vowel. If the character is a vowel, it increments the vowel count by 1. Finally, the function returns the total vowel count.The function is defined with one parameter of type str, which is the input string. It uses the "string" data type to represent the input string, and the "int" data type to represent the vowel count. The function returns the vowel count as an integer.Overall, this function is a simple and effective way to count the number of vowels in a given input string, and can be used in a variety of applications that require vowel counting.

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In Palo Alto Networks' terms, an application is a specific program or feature that can be detected, monitored, and blocked if necessary: TRUE

In Palo Alto Networks' terms, an application refers to a specific program or feature that can be detected, monitored, and blocked if necessary.

This is a key concept in Palo Alto's approach to network security, as it allows for granular control over the types of traffic that are allowed to pass through a network.

By identifying and categorizing individual applications, Palo Alto's security systems can make more informed decisions about which traffic to allow and which to block, helping to prevent unauthorized access, data breaches, and other security threats.

In addition to blocking malicious applications, Palo Alto's technology can also be used to control access to non-malicious applications, such as social media or online gaming, helping organizations maintain productivity and security in their networks.

Overall, the ability to identify and control individual applications is a critical component of modern network security and one that Palo Alto Networks has helped to pioneer and refine over the years.

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The correct statement about privacy-security controls on social networking sites is that they allow users to control the information they share and who can see it, which helps to improve security and protect their personal information from unauthorized access or misuse.

Some common privacy controls on social networking sites include: Privacy settings: Users can typically adjust their privacy settings to determine who can see their posts and personal information. These settings may allow users to choose between "public" (visible to anyone), "friends" (visible only to their approved friends), or "custom" (where they can choose specific people or groups who can view their content). Blocking: Users can block other users from seeing their content or contacting them. This feature is particularly useful for preventing unwanted attention or harassment. Reporting: Users can report inappropriate or abusive behavior to the platform, which can then take action against the offending user. Two-factor authentication: Some platforms offer two-factor authentication, which requires users to provide two forms of identification before accessing their account. This can help prevent unauthorized access to a user's account.

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Within just a few Sprints, Scrum can increase the transparency of the following aspects of the project:

Scrum has the ability to quickly enhance the transparency of several aspects of a project within a few Sprints. These aspects include:

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To implement a 24x1 RAM using two 2:4 decoders and as many AND gates and 1x1 memory units as needed, we need to follow a few steps.Finally, we need to connect all the memory units together to form a 24x1 RAM. We can do this by connecting the outputs of the 1x1 memory units to a common output bus.

First, we need to understand the purpose of decoders and memory units in a RAM. Decoders are used to select the specific memory location we want to read from or write to. Memory units are used to store and retrieve data from these memory locations.Next, we need to break down the 24x1 RAM into smaller segments. Since we have two 2:4 decoders, we can use them to select 4 memory locations each. This gives us a total of 16 memory locations.To access the remaining 8 memory locations, we can use additional AND gates and 1x1 memory units. We can connect the outputs of the two 2:4 decoders to the inputs of the AND gates. The outputs of the AND gates can then be connected to the inputs of the 1x1 memory units.In summary, to implement a 24x1 RAM using two 2:4 decoders and as many AND gates and 1x1 memory units as needed, we need to break down the RAM into smaller segments, use the decoders to select memory locations, and connect all the memory units together to form the RAM.

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The technique that can be used to remap the root directory to include only certain directories and files is chroot jail.

Chroot jail is a process of creating a virtualized environment that restricts the file system access for a specific process or user to a specific directory tree. By doing so, it limits the potential damage that can be caused by a malicious user who gains access to the system. LUKS disk encryption, setting a bootloader password, and setting an SSH password are all techniques that help protect sensitive information, but they do not involve remapping the root directory.
Hi! To make it harder for malicious users to gain access to sensitive information and remap the root directory to include only certain directories and files, you can use the technique called chroot jail. This method isolates specific directories and files, creating a restricted environment for users and limiting their access to the system.

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Conceptual data modeling is typically done in parallel with other requirements analysis and structuring steps during systems analysis i.e., Option C is the correct answer.

Systems analysis is the phase of the system development life cycle where the requirements for the new system are gathered, analyzed, and documented. During this phase, the current business processes are studied, and the system requirements are identified. The objective of systems analysis is to understand the existing system and identify the requirements for the new system.

Conceptual data modeling is a technique used to represent the information requirements of an organization in a graphical form. It is a high-level representation of the data requirements of an organization that identifies the entities, attributes, and relationships between entities. Conceptual data modeling is an important step in developing a database system as it provides a foundation for understanding the data requirements of the system.

During systems analysis, requirements are gathered, and the information requirements of the organization are identified. Conceptual data modeling is done in parallel with other requirements analysis and structuring steps to ensure that the data requirements of the organization are adequately captured. By creating a conceptual data model during systems analysis, the organization can ensure that the data requirements of the system are understood and can be used to guide the design and implementation of the system.

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OSI layer 7 is also referred to as the Application layer. This layer is responsible for managing the communication between different applications and end-user services. It provides the interface for the user to interact with the network and allows them to access the resources available on the network. The Application layer is the highest layer in the OSI model and is responsible for the final processing of data before it is sent or received.

The OSI model is a framework that divides the network communication process into seven layers. Each layer has its own specific functions and protocols that ensure that data is transmitted correctly and efficiently. These layers work together to provide end-to-end communication between devices on a network. The seven layers of the OSI model are:

1. Physical layer
2. Data Link layer
3. Network layer
4. Transport layer
5. Session layer
6. Presentation layer
7. Application layer

The layers are designed to work together to ensure that data is transmitted correctly from one device to another. Each layer is responsible for a specific function in the communication process, and they build on top of each other to create a complete communication system. Understanding the OSI model is essential for network administrators and IT professionals as it provides a framework for troubleshooting network issues and designing new networks.

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To create a CFG for the language of all strings with a triple a in them, we can start with the rule S → aA | bA | ε, where A is a new non-terminal symbol. This rule generates either an a or a b or nothing, followed by A. The symbol A will be used to represent the occurrence of the triple a in the string.

Next, we can add the following rules:
A → aB
B → aC
C → aD
D → bD | aD | ε

The rule A → aB generates the first a of the triple, and then B generates the second a. Similarly, C generates the third a and D generates the remaining part of the string, which can contain any number of a's and b's.

The regular expression for the same language is (a+b)*aaa(a+b)*. This expression generates any string that has three consecutive a's.

To convert the CFG into CNF grammar, we need to eliminate all rules that have more than two non-terminals on the right-hand side. The rules that need to be modified are:
S → aA | bA | ε
A → aB
B → aC
C → aD

First, we can eliminate the ε rule by adding a new start symbol S' and a rule S' → S | ε. Then, we can replace the rule S → ε with S → X, where X is a new non-terminal symbol that generates nothing.

Next, we can replace the rule S → aA with S → FA, where F is a new non-terminal symbol. Similarly, we can replace A → aB with A → GB, B → aC with B → HC, and C → aD with C → ID.

Then, we can add new non-terminal symbols and rules to generate pairs of non-terminal symbols. For example, we can add a new non-terminal symbol E and rules F → aE, G → aH, H → aI, and I → aJ. Finally, we can add a rule J → bJ | aJ | K, where K is a new non-terminal symbol that generates nothing.

The resulting CNF grammar is:
S' → S | ε
S → FA | BA
F → a
B → GA | HC
G → a
H → IA
I → aJ
J → aK | bJ | a
K → X

This CNF grammar generates the same language as the original CFG.

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The best place to gather the criticality of a system would be from the organization's operations team or the IT department responsible for maintaining the system.

They would have the necessary knowledge and understanding of the system's importance and its impact on the organization's operations. This system should contain a record of all the hardware, software, and applications used within the organization, along with their respective owners and the criticality level assigned to them. The asset management system or inventory should be regularly updated by the IT or security team, and it should be consulted when scoping vulnerability scans. The criticality level assigned to a system will depend on its importance to the organization's operations, the sensitivity of the data it processes or stores, and the potential impact of a successful attack on that system. By consulting the asset management system or inventory, you can ensure that your vulnerability scanning plan is properly scoped and focused on the most critical systems. This approach will help you to identify vulnerabilities that could have the most significant impact on the organization and prioritize them for remediation.

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There are several different types of memory modules that are commonly used in modern computers. These include:

DDR3: DDR3 is a popular type of memory that has been used in computers since around 2007. It has a higher clock speed and lower power consumption than DDR2, and is still commonly used in many modern computers.DDR3L: DDR3L is a low-voltage variant of DDR3 that is designed to operate at lower power levels than standard DDR3 memory. It is often used in laptops and other mobile devices.DDR4: DDR4 is the latest version of DDR memory and has been in use since around 2014. It has a higher clock speed and lower power consumption than DDR3, and is becoming increasingly common in modern computers.

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To automatically divide a text frame into multiple threaded frames, you need to use the "Auto-Size" feature in Adobe InDesign. This feature allows you to create threaded frames that adjust to the amount of text in each frame.

To activate this feature, select the text frame and go to the "Object" menu. From there, choose "Text Frame Options" and then select the "Auto-Size" tab. Check the box next to "Height Only" or "Both" to enable the feature, and choose the desired options for resizing and positioning the frames. Once the Auto-Size feature is enabled, you can add more text to the frame than it can hold, and InDesign will automatically create new threaded frames to accommodate the overflow text. To add more text to a threaded frame, simply click on the out port of the frame and drag it to another frame. In summary, to automatically divide a text frame into multiple threaded frames, you need to use the "Auto-Size" feature in InDesign. This feature allows you to create threaded frames that adjust to the amount of text in each frame, and you can add more text by dragging the out port to another frame.

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Under the Application and Threats updates configuration, the "Review Policies" function plays a crucial role in maintaining the security and smooth functioning of an application. It enables administrators to review and manage the policies that govern the application's response to new updates and potential threats.

When new updates or threats are identified, the Review Policies function allows the administrators to assess the impact of these updates and threats on the application. This process involves analyzing the changes and determining if they align with the organization's security and operational requirements. If necessary, administrators can modify or create new policies to address any concerns raised by these updates.

Additionally, the Review Policies function provides an opportunity to optimize existing policies and ensure that they are still effective and relevant. By reviewing policies regularly, administrators can stay proactive in securing their applications and maintaining their performance, even in the face of evolving threats and technological advancements.

In summary, the Review Policies function under the Application and Threats updates configuration serves as an essential tool for administrators to manage security policies, analyze updates and threats, and maintain the overall stability and performance of their applications.

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The traditional network design approach does not work well for "b. rapidly growing" networks.

Traditional design methods may struggle to keep up with the constant changes and expansions in these types of networks, while a more dynamic and flexible design approach would be better suited to handle the growth.

What is Network Designing?

Network design refers to the process of planning and creating a computer network infrastructure that meets the requirements of an organization or an individual. It involves determining the type of network architecture, selecting the appropriate hardware and software components, and configuring them to meet specific performance, security, and reliability objectives.

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The correct statement about a class someclass that implements an interface is only "someclass must implement every method of the interface". Option E is correct.

When a class implements an interface, it must provide an implementation for all the methods declared in the interface. Therefore, statement iii is true.

Statement i is false. It is perfectly legal to create an instance of a class that implements an interface.

Statement ii is false. A superclass of someclass does not necessarily have to implement the same interface. However, if a superclass of someclass also implements the interface, then someclass inherits the interface methods and does not have to re-implement them.

Therefore, option E is correct.

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The correct statement for jframe myframe to set the height to 400 and width to 200 is myframe.setsize(200, 400).

The setsize method is used to set the size of the JFrame and takes two integer arguments - width and height respectively. The first argument in the method call refers to the width and the second argument refers to the height. Therefore, to set the width to 200 and the height to 400, we need to call myframe.setsize(200, 400).

The other options provided in the question are incorrect. myframe.setvisible(200, 400) is incorrect because the setvisible method takes a single boolean argument, which determines whether the JFrame is visible or not. The arguments 200 and 400 are invalid for this method. Similarly, myframe.setvisible(400, 200) is also incorrect for the same reason. Finally, myframe.setsize(400, 200) would set the width to 400 and the height to 200, which is not what is required in the question. Therefore, to set the height to 400 and width to 200 for jframe myframe, the correct statement is myframe.setsize(200, 400).

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The program that estimates the price of rings for an online shop that sells rings with custom engravings is given below.

def work_out_ring_price(ring_style, items):

   if ring_style == "gold plated":

       base_cost = 50

       cost_per_item = 7

   elif ring_style == "solid gold":

       base_cost = 100

       cost_per_item = 10

   else:

       return "Invalid ring style"

   total_cost = base_cost + cost_per_item * items

   return total_cost

In conclusion, the function estimates the price of rings for an online shop that sells rings with custom engravings.

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Explain the benefits of iterative development and the drawbacks of premature estimation to the organization. Show examples of successful projects using this approach.

Iterative development allows for continuous feedback and adjustment, leading to better estimates and a more successful end result. Premature estimation can lead to unrealistic expectations and failure to deliver. By showcasing successful projects that have utilized this approach, the organization may become more comfortable with the process. It is important to communicate the need for flexibility and the benefits of adjusting estimates based on actual progress. Additionally, it may be helpful to provide a rough estimate or range to give the organization an idea of what to expect, while emphasizing that this is subject to change as the project progresses.

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When Agile teams, together with product owners, prioritize backlog items, they are relying on the Agile technique called "Backlog Grooming" or "Backlog Refinement."

The Agile technique that teams, together with product owners, use to prioritize backlog items is commonly known as "product backlog refinement" or "product backlog grooming".

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This program uses Python and integers to perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division based on user input. It consists of five functions: add, subtract, multiply, divide, and main. The main function handles user input, while the other functions perform the specified operations.

Here is a Python program that meets your requirements:
```python
def add(a, b):
   return a + b
def subtract(a, b):
   return a - b
def multiply(a, b):
   return a * b
def divide(a, b):
   return a // b
def main():
   while True:
       operation = input("Enter operation a (add), s (subtract), m (multiply), d (divide), and e (exit): ")
       if operation in ['a', 's', 'm', 'd']:
           num1 = int(input("Enter a number: "))
           num2 = int(input("Enter a number: "))
           if operation == 'a':
               result = add(num1, num2)
               print(f"{num1} + {num2} is {result}")
           elif operation == 's':
               result = subtract(num1, num2)
               print(f"{num1} - {num2} is {result}")
           elif operation == 'm':
               result = multiply(num1, num2)
               print(f"{num1} * {num2} is {result}")
           elif operation == 'd':
               result = divide(num1, num2)
               print(f"{num1} // {num2} is {result}")
       elif operation == 'e':
           break
if __name__ == "__main__":
   main()
```

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