a.) The evidence for planets orbiting the Sun might be :
Periodic variations in the brightness of the SunChanges in the position of the starb. Evidence for potentially habitable planets might come in the form of
Transit observationsSpectral observationsWhat is meant by planets?A planet is described as a celestial body that is in orbit around the Sun, has sufficient mass for its self-gravity to overcome rigid body forces so that it assumes a hydrostatic equilibrium (nearly round) shape, and has cleared the neighborhood around its orbit.
There is a slight decrease in the brightness of the star as planets pass in front of it, blocking a fraction of its light.
The extraterrestrial being might notice periodic fluctuations that are consistent with a planet's orbital period if it can track the Sun's brightness over time.
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