[tex]AgNo_{3} (aq)+LiCl(aq)--- > AgCl(s)+LiNO_{3}(aq)[/tex]
Adenosine triphosphate (TP-ATP) ATP is the substance needed for cells to function. b. It is a molecule of energy. It supplies energy for all biological (cellular) processes. Without ATP, tissues, organs, and eventually, the entire organism perish. c. To create ATP, glucose is broken down by several complex chemical reactions (usually). Larger Organic Compounds Being Produced 1. Reactions in Synthesis or Dehydration (dehydration synthesis) When synthesizing substantial organic compounds (discussed later). A dehydration reaction takes place and is known as such.
Net Ionic chemicals do not all dissolve in water.
What mix of ions will dissolve is determined by a list of solubility rules.
In a precipitation reaction, soluble reactants are transformed into one or more insoluble product(s). The precipitate is the term for the material. Example: When LiCl and AgNO3, both of which are soluble, are combined, the result is AgCl, which is insoluble.
[tex]AgNO_{3} (aq) + LiCl(aq) -- > AgCl(s) + LiNO_{3} (aq)[/tex]
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certain meteorites have been examined and found to carry samples of which molecules? select all that apply.
Lipids, nucleotides, amino acids, and monosaccharides are the proper answers as to which molecules are present in some of the meteorites that have been studied.
Define Meteorites.Rocks or metal fragments from space are referred to as meteorites because they fall to earth. Some scientists, particularly those looking to support or refute the Panspermia idea, which holds that life originated from other planets, have investigated and analyzed these rocks and metals in great detail.
Compounds like lipids, DNA, RNA, and amino acids were discovered in several research.Before 2019, there had been no indication of monosaccharides, but in 2019 a global team found sugars like xylose and arabinose in several meteorites.Although its precursor, amino acids, have been found in meteorites, no polypeptides have been.Lipids, nucleotides, amino acids, and monosaccharides are thus the proper answers to the compounds discovered in several meteorites.
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which of the following compounds is neither an acid or a base? group of answer choices sodium nitrate sodium hydroxide hclo3 ch4
Among the given options, Sodium nitrate (NaNO3) is a compound that is neither an acid nor a base. Thus, the correct option for this question is A.
What are the properties of acids?The properties of acids are as follows:
Acid remarkably turns blue litmus red.They significantly conduct electricity. Acids react with metals in order to liberate hydrogen gas.They generally possess a pH of less than 7. Acids are distinguished by their sour taste.Sodium nitrate (NaNO3) is classified in the category of salt that can be significantly developed in the reaction of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) which belongs to a base, and nitric acid (HNO3) which belongs to an acid.
Therefore, sodium nitrate (NaNO3) is one of the compounds that is neither an acid nor a base. Thus, the correct option for this question is A.
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Initially, the speed of a molecule of an ideal gas is 463 m/s. the pressure and volumeof this gas are kept constant, while the number of molecules is doubled. what is thefinal speed of the molecules?
Initially, the Final speed of a molecule of an ideal gas is 327 m/s. the pressure and volume of this gas are kept constant, while the number of molecules is doubled.
What is rms velocity?The square root of the mean of the squares of the velocity of individual gas molecules is known as the root mean square velocity (RMS value).
T = Kelvin-degree temperature.
The arithmetic mean of the velocities of various gas molecules at a specific temperature is known as average velocity. Actually, root mean square speed, not velocity, is what the RMS calculation tells you.
Considering that velocity is a vector quantity with both magnitude and direction, this makes sense.
The behavior pf the molecule is given by -
PV = 2/3 N (1/2mv²)
We may write p1v1 = p2v2,
where the subscript 1 denotes the beginning condition
subscript 2 denotes the conditions following the number of molecules being doubled, because the pressure and volume of the gas are held constant while the number of molecules is doubled. Thus,
⇒ 2/3 [N1 (1/2 mv1²)] = 2/3 [N2 (1/2 mv2²)]
⇒ N1 v1² = N2 v2²
⇒ v2 = v1 √(N1/N2)
⇒ v2 = 463 √(N1 / 2N1)
⇒ v2 = 463 / √2
⇒ v2 = 327m/s
Thus, the final speed of the molecules is 327 m/s.
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decrease friction by causing a slight separation between
solid surfaces, so they don't contact each other.
Lubricant decrease friction by causing a slight separation between solid surfaces, so they don't contact each other.
Where are lubricants utilized?A lubricant, also known as lube or lubrication, is a chemical that aids in reducing friction between surfaces in contact, hence lowering the heat produced when the surfaces move. Additionally, it might be used for force transmission, the transportation of foreign objects, or the heating or cooling of surfaces.
What is the human body's lubricant?The body's sliding surfaces are robust in part due to lubricin, a little-known protein that serves as nature's most efficient "grease." The body's most potent boundary lubricant, lubricin was found to coat the surfaces of joint cartilage.
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The complete question is -
____ decrease friction by causing a slight separation between solid surfaces, so they don't contact each other.
thermal properties and calcium-magnesium-alumina-silicate (cmas) resistance of lupo4 as environmental barrier coatings.
Thermal properties and calcium-magnesium-alumina-silicate (cmas) resistance of lupo4 as environmental barrier coatings lupo4 synthesized by chemical precipitation and calcination
Thermal properties means material-dependent response when heat is distributed to a solid body, a liquid, or a gas and then temperature increase, a phase transition, a change of length or volume, an formationof a chemical reaction or the change of some other physical or chemical property or quantity called as thermal properties. so here thermal properties and calcium-magnesium-alumina-silicate (cmas) resistance of lupo4 is the phase stability and the thermal properties of the ceramics as well as the thermochemical reactions between lupo4 pellet and calcium–magnesium–alumina–silicate at 1300°C this dense and continuous layer can effectively inhibit molten cmas penetration into lupo4.
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What are your initial ideas for what we can do to stop what is occurring to planet earth and ensure the survival of humans and other species?
What can humans do to survive as a species if we are not successful in the negative changes occurring to planet earth?
Answer: Change the way we run our economy.
Explanation: The way that the world, as a whole, runs its government and economy, is destroying the environment. If we can change this, and find another, better, way to run our countries and cities, the environment will get better, and we won't ruin our planet.
If 25.0 ml of a 6.00 m hcl solution is diluted to 2.00 l, what is the molarity of the new solution?
Taking into account the definition of dilution, the molarity of the new solution is 0.075 M.
DilutionDilution is the process of reducing the concentration of solute in solution, which is accomplished by simply adding more solvent to the solution at the same amount of solute.
In a dilution the amount of solute does not change, but as more solvent is added, the concentration of the solute decreases, as the volume (and weight) of the solution increases.
A dilution is mathematically expressed as:
Ci×Vi = Cf×Vf
where
Ci: initial concentrationVi: initial volumeCf: final concentrationVf: final volumeFinal molarityIn this case, you know:
Ci= 6 MVi= 25 mLCf= ?Vf= 2 L= 2000 mL (being 1 L= 1000 mL)Replacing in the definition of dilution:
6 M× 25 mL= Cf× 2000 mL
Solving:
(6 M× 25 mL)÷ 2000 mL= Cf
0.075 M= Cf
In summary, the molarity of the new solution is 0.075 M.
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Vinegar has preservative and antimicrobial properties due to the ability of the active ingredient to cross the membrane as ______________. once in the cytoplasm, it become
Vinegar has preservative and antimicrobial properties due to the ability of the active ingredient to cross the membrane as CH₃COOH. Once in the cytoplasm, it becomes Deprotonated.
Vinegar is a natural preservative. It enhances the microbiological safety and extending the life. Production of vinegar is a two step process , where yeasts convert sugars into alcohol, followed by acetobacter, which oxidise alcohol to acetic acid.
Vinegar is a crude acetic acid and possess antimicrobial properties, which kills microorganisms and enhance microbiological safety of food.
Deprotonated simply means the removal of a proton from a chemical compound. The acetic acid in vinegar cross the membrane and become deprotonated, i.e., removal of proton in the cytoplasm which disturbs the normal pH.
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In _______, the inhibitor competes with substrate for binding to the active site, but does not covalently modify the active site.
The answer would be the competitive inhibition, the inhibitor competes with the substrate for binding to the active site, but does not covalently modifying the active site.
In competitive inhibition, the inhibitor (I) firmly be like the actual substrate (S), and is considered as a substrate analogue. The inhibitor takes part with substrate and cohere at the active site of the enzyme but does not go any catalysis. As long as the competitive inhibitor hold on to the active site, the enzyme is not present for the substrate to cohere. A competitive inhibitor vanished the rate of catalysis by lessen the portion of enzyme molecules to a substrate. At any given inhibitor concentration, competitive inhibition can be pleased by expanding the substrate concentration.
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In an aqueous solution of ch3br, what is the strongest intermolecular force between ch3br and water?
Dipole-dipole interactions between H2O molecules produce the greatest intermolecular forces in a molecule.
What does the term "dipole" mean?It simply refers to a line made up of two wires, each of which is connected to a power outlet using a negative and positive signal. When a dipole appears, several atoms may have the same ionization spectrum or may be split into negative and positive regions. Both partial negative (-ve) and partial positive (+ve) signs are used to denote it.
What impact does a dipole have on a molecule's polarity?A molecule's form affects polarity. Due to the 2 OH bonds and the consequent dipole, the molecule with 2 lone pairs, such as water, is very polar. The vector sum of the various polar bonds produces the dipole.
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Grass and plants get energy from
A
the sun.
B
eating food.
C
windmills.
D
electrons.
More percent ERRORS HELP PLEASE givinf brainly.
Answer:
3%
Explanation:
11 - 10.603 = 0.379
0.379/11 = ~0.03 so 3%
to use tlc, it is necessary to be able to see where the spots are after eluting and drying the plate. which of the following are possible ways to see where the compounds are on the plate. most compounds make complexes when exposed to iodine vapor, and the iodine is intensely colored. some compounds are naturally colored, so you just need to look.
After eluting and drying the plate, it is vital to be able to view the spots in order to employ TLC.
What is TLC?The chromatography method known as thin-layer chromatography can be used to separate non-volatile materials (TLC). Thin-layer chromatography is performed on a sheet of glass, plastic, or aluminium foil that has been coated with a thin coating of an adsorbent material—typically silica gel, aluminium oxide (alumina), or cellulose.
UV light is often used to quickly and non-destructively detect spots (compounds) on a TLC plate. Aromatic systems and strongly conjugated systems greatly absorb UV radiation. The majority of TLC plates contain zinc sulphide, which when exposed to short-wavelength UV makes them seem green.
When the TLC plate is put in the chamber and covered, iodine sublimes with the compounds on the plate, resulting in yellow-brown blotches and interacts
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Write a formula for the ionic compound that forms between each pair of elements.
The ionic compound between each pair of elements has the following formula:
(a) Al₂S₃
(b) AlN
(c) K₂O
(d) SrI₂
(e) MgO
(f) BaF₂
(g) SrS
(h) Be₃N₂
The formula for the ionic compound for each pair is:
(a) Aluminium and Sulfur
Aluminum sulfide, also known as Al₂S₃, is created when aluminum and sulfur combine. Its molar mass is 150.158 g/mol. Al has a +3 oxidation state while the sulfur in Al₂S₃ is in a -2 oxidation state.
Al⁺³ + S⁻² → Al₂S₃
(b) Aluminium and Nitrogen
Solid aluminum nitride is known as aluminum nitride (AlN). It is an electrical insulator with high thermal conductivity of up to 321 W/(mK).
Al⁺³ + N⁺³ → AlN
(c) Potassium and Oxygen
When potassium and oxygen are combined, potassium oxide results as an ionic molecule. It has the chemical composition K₂O. Because it is highly reactive, potassium cannot be found in its free form. It easily forms K₂O when combined with oxygen atoms due to its +1 valency.
( K₂ )⁺¹ + O²⁻ → K₂O
(d) Strontium and iodine
Ions of strontium and iodide combine to form the ionic compound known as strontium iodide.
Strontium has the chemical symbol Sr and a valency of +2. Iodine also bears the symbol I and the valency of -1.
(Sr)⁺² + I⁻¹ → SrI₂
(e) Magnesium and Oxygen
Magnesium oxide MgO) is created through the ionic interaction of magnesium (Mg) with oxygen (O₂). While oxygen has six valence electrons, magnesium only has two.
Mg⁺² + O²⁻ → MgO
(f) Barium and Fluorine
Because it is made up of a barium cation with a +2 charge and a fluoride anion with a charge of 1, barium fluoride is an ionic compound. This substance has the chemical formula BaF₂.
Ba²⁺ + F⁻¹ → BaF₂
(g) Strontium and Sulfur
Strontium serves as the anion and sulfur is the cation. Due to its presence in Group II, strontium has a valency of 2. The sulfur atom will gain 2 electrons and currently has 6 electrons in its outermost shell. Sulfur's valency is therefore 2.
Sr⁺² + S²⁻ → SrS
(h) Beryllium and Nitrogen
Because nitrogen is a non-metal and beryllium is a metal, an ionic link is created between the two. Be₃N₂ is formed when Beryllium and nitrogen is reacted.
Be²⁺ + N³⁻ → Be₃N₂
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The complete question is mentioned below:
Write a formula for the ionic compound that forms between each pair of elements.
a. Aluminum and Sulfur
b. Aluminum and Nitrogen
c. Potassium and Oxygen
d. strontium and iodine
e. magnesium and oxygen
f. barium and fluorine
g. strontium and sulfur
h. beryllium and nitrogen
in(iv) sulfide, sns2, a yellow pigment, can be produced using the following reaction. snbr4(aq) 2na2s(aq)⟶4nabr(aq) sns2(s) suppose a student adds 35.2 ml of a 0.419 m solution of snbr4 to 51.1 ml of a 0.203 m solution of na2s.
% yield of SnS2 = 0.337 X 100 / 0.567 = 59.44 %
% yield of SnS2 = 59.44 %
Balanced chemical reaction is
SnBr4(aq) + 2Na2S(aq) ---> 4NaBr(aq) + SnS2(s)
First calculate limiting reactant
molarity of SnBr4 = 0.418 M
volume of SnBr4 = 0.0451 L (1 ml = 0.001 L then 45.1 ml =45.1 X 0.001 = 0.0451 L)
molarity of Na2S = 0.133 M
volume of Na2S = 0.0466 M ( 1 ml = 0.001 L then 46.6 ml =46.6 X 0.001 = 0.0466 L)
no.of moles = molarity X volume of solution in liter
moles of SnBr4 = 0.418 X 0.0451 = 0.0189 mol
moles of Na2S = 0.133 X 0.0466 = 0.0062 mol
According to balanced chemical reaction 1 mole of SnBr4 react with 2 mole of Na2S molar ratio between SnBr4 to Na2S is 1:2 therefore to react with 0.0189 mole of SnBr4 required Na2S = 0.0189 X 2 / 1 = 0.0378 moles Na2S but Na2S given only 0.0062 mole therefore Na2S is limiting reactant
Limiting reactant = Na2S
According to balanced chemical reaction 2 mole of Na2S produce 1 mole of SnS2 molar ratio between Na2S to SnS2 is 2:1 therefore 0.0062 mole of Na2S produce SnS2 = 0.0062 X 1 / 2 = 0.0031 moles
Mole of SnS2 produced = 0.0031 mole
Molar mass of SnS2 = 182.81 g/mol
Gm of compound = no. of moles X molar mass
Gm of SnS2 formed = 0.0031 mol X 182.81 g/mol = 0.567 g
Gm of SnS2 formed = 0.567 g
Theoretical yield of SnS2 = 0.567 g
Actual yield of SnS2 = 0.337 g
Theoretical yield of SnS2 = 0.567 g
% yield = Actual yield X 100 / theoretical yield
Substitute the value
% yield of SnS2 = 0.337 X 100 / 0.567 = 59.44 %
% yield of SnS2 = 59.44 %
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Suppose the compound statement (p implies q) and (not q)is true. what is the truth value of p?
If p=T, then we must have ~p=F. Now that we've done ~p, we can combine its truth value with q's truth value to find the truth value of ~p∧q.
What is Compound statement?
A compound statement is a combination of two or more simple assertions. For instance, a compound would be, "It's snowing and I wish I was outside, but I made the error of enrolling in this course." statement.
Therefore,
Suppose the compound statement (p implies q) and (not q)is true. what is the truth value of p?
If p=T, then we must have ~p=F. Now that we've done ~p, we can combine its truth value with q's truth value to find the truth value of ~p∧q.
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why is the water a liquid and h2s a gas ?
Explanation:
This is because the hydrogen bonding in water H2O is stronger than that is hydrogen sulfide H2S.
a solution contains 25.0 g ethanol (c2h5oh; molar mass 46.07 g/mol) in 500. g h2o (molar mass 18.02 g/mol) at 23oc. if the vapor pressure of pure h2o at this temperature is 20.57 torr, what is the vapor pressure of the solution?
The partial pressure of the solution is 0.39 torr.
What is Raoult's Law?The Raoult's Law states that, the partial pressure of the solution is equal to the product of the mole fraction of the solute and the partial pressure of the pure solvent.
Hence;
Partial pressure of the pure solvent = 20.57 torr
Moles of water = 500 g/18 g/mol = 27.8 moles
Moles of ethanol = 25.0 g/46 g/mol = 0.54 moles
Total number of moles = 27.8 moles + 0.54 moles = 28.34 moles
Hence;
Partial pressure of solution = 0.54 moles/28.34 moles * 20.57 torr
= 0.39 torr
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probing nuclear symmetry energy at high densities using pion, kaon, eta and photon productions in heavy-ion collisions
The high-density behavior of nuclear symmetry energy is among the most uncertain properties of dense neutron-rich matter.
What is nuclear symmetry?The cost of generating more neutron-rich nuclear systems is measured by the nuclear symmetry energy. According to the system's density. The mechanics of supernova explosions, the characteristics of neutron stars, and the gravitational waves produced by their mergers are all greatly affected by knowledge of the density dependence of nuclear symmetry energy. Understanding the kinetics and outcomes of their collisions in laboratory studies, as well as the characteristics of nuclei, is crucial.
Within the parabolic approximation, the Equation of State (EOS) of homogeneous neutron-rich nucleonic matter with isospin asymmetry = (np)/ and density can be stated in terms of the energy per nucleon E(n, n).
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Summarize Newton's first law of motion for a younger student. Give an example to show this student how the law works.
Answer:
Newton's first law of motion is explained in the below statements
What is Newton's first law of motion?
Newton's first law asserts that if a body is at rest or travelling at a constant speed in a straight line, it will remain at rest or continue to move in a straight path at a constant speed until acted on by a force.
Explanation:
Some examples of Newton's first law are:
1. A rock at rest: Unless pushed by nature or by another force, a rock sitting on the ground will remain there for thousands of years. It will not be dispersed in various locations.
2. The sudden application of breaks in a vehicle: When a driver suddenly uses the brakes, we tend to move forward. The vehicle comes to a halt as a result of the brakes. However, we are moving due to inertia. That is why seat belts are essential for road safety.
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What would you observed if you drop a cotton fall and rock at the same time ? would it be different if you did the same occur if performed in a vacuum tube?
We will see that rock would hit the ground first and cotton would hit later,
when we perform the same experiment in vaccum, then both will hit the ground at the same time.
No force is present in vaccum, the objects will be weightless as weight is a force. W = F = mg ( gravity is absent), g=0 so F= 0 W = 0 In vaccum space the all object will fall freely despite of their massesapparent weightlessness IS weight on an object without a support surfaceWhen gravity is zero , the object will have freefall accelaration.To know more about weightlessness visit : https://brainly.com/question/845413
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7. When an astronaut travels from the Earth to the Moon, which of their physical properties changes: mass or weight?
Explain why one property changes but the other does not.
Answer:
Their mass stays the same but their weight changes.
Explanation:
The gravitational force of celestial bodies is determined by their mass and size. The moon has less mass than the Earth and can't pull object towards itself as well as the Earth. Thus, mass remains the same and you'd weigh less.
why is dilute hydrochloric acid added into distilled water?
Answer:
Explanation:
dilute hydrochloric acid is added to distilled water to increase the ionization of water.
if all of this coal is burned how much co2 will be emitted into the atmosphere? how much will this increase the co2 content of the atmoshphere in ppm?
coal is burned and co2 will be emitted into the atmosphere.
What is ppm?
PPM, or parts per million, is the most effective way to express the level of performance or chemical concentration in a bigger mixture. This could be used to describe the components of water, the faulty rate of a provider, etc. Being a ratio of two quantities of the same unit, it is theoretically a dimensionless measure that is represented as a percentage and is better suited to representing lesser concentrations of chemicals in gases, liquids, or solids.
When a coal is burned, it releases a certain amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in relation to the energy it produces. Compare the quantity of CO2 released per unit of energy output or heat content to compare emissions across fuels.
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A chemical is placed on a balance in an airtight container. the balance initially reads 200.0 g.200.0 g. what will the balance read after the chemical is ignited and completely burned?
Based on the law of conservation of mass, the reading of the balance will be 200.0 g.
What will be the reading of the balance after the chemical is completely burnt?According to the law of conservation of mass, matter cannot be created nor destroyed but can change from one from to another.
In the given experiment, the chemical is placed on a balance in an airtight container and weighed bore it was ignited and allowed to burn completely. This means that the reaction occurred in a closed system, such that matter is not being exchanged with the surrounding.
The reading obtained in the balance before the reaction took place took into account the amount of air present in the container.
Therefore, no change in the reading of the balance will be observed and the balance will read 200.0 g.
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Why is boiling at standard temperature and pressure an inadequate method of processing for canned foods?
Why is boiling at standard temperature and pressure an inadequate method of processing for canned foods? Boiling to 100°C will kill vegetative C. botulinum cells, but any spores will survive to temperatures of 120°C.
What is standard temperature and pressure? As a result, the definition of standard temperature is 0 degrees Celsius, or 32 degrees Fahrenheit or 273.15 degrees Kelvin. In essence, this is the temperature at which pure water will freeze at sea level in air at standard pressure.25 C is the normal state temperature (298 K). Although the majority of tables are constructed for this temperature, normal state conditions do not specify a temperature. All gases are at 1 atm pressure. All gases and liquids are pure.NTP stands for normal temperature and pressure, while STP stands for standard temperature and pressure. The STP values for temperature and pressure for a gas are 273.15 K and 0.987 atm, respectively, according to IUPAC.The surroundings of a chemical reaction are described by standard pressure and temperature. The reference temperature is 273.15 K, or 0°C, or 32°F. The standard pressure is 1 atm, which is equivalent to 760 Torr, 760 mm Hg, and 101.35 kPa.Why is boiling at standard temperature and pressure an inadequate method of processing for canned foods? Boiling to 100°C will kill vegetative C. botulinum cells, but any spores will survive to temperatures of 120°C.
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Is atomic spectrum of hydrogen due to the ionization of hydrogen molecules?
Answer:
Emission Spectrum of Hydrogen. When an electric current is passed through a glass tube that contains hydrogen gas at low pressure the tube gives off blue light. When this light is passed through a prism (as shown in the figure below), four narrow bands of bright light are observed against a black background.
Explanation:
that hydrone molecules Diprotic acids
please help i'll give brailiest!!
It is negatively charged
As the diagram showed,
inner part contains nucleus which constitute proton and neutron
and the outer part contain electron dense clouds which is negatively charged
The term "electron" refers to the subatomic particle that is negatively charged and located outside the atom's nucleus.An atom is made up of three subatomic particles: electrons, protons, and neutrons. Protons are positively charged, neutrons are neutral, and electrons have a negative charge. Electrons were discovered by J.J. Thomson, who also determined the electron's charge mass ratio. The mass of an electron is 9.110319.1times10-319.11031, while the charge on an electron is 1.61019-1.6times10-191.61019 C. Electrons in an atom reside outside of the nucleus and are kept there by intense electrostatic forces.To know more about Electrons visit : https://brainly.com/question/1255220
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An element belongs to group 17 of the periodic table. This element is most likely a . A solid sample of this element would have a appearance.
The periodic table's group 17 substance is probably a halogen. This element would appear metallic or black in solid form.
What are the elements of the 17th group?The six elements in Group 17 of the periodic table compose the halogen elements. In the periodic table, group 17 is represented by the elements fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), astatine (At), and tennessine (Ts).
Why is Group 17 called halogens?From top to bottom, the group 17 elements are fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and astatine (At). They are known as "halogens" because when they interact with metals, they produce salts.
The elements that make up group 17 of the periodic table are the halogens. They are nonmetals that are reactive, such as iodine, bromine, chlorine, and fluorine. Halogens are non-metals that are very reactive. These substances share a lot of characteristics with one another.
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20 CCC Proportion What are the top three sources of U.S. electricity
generation? Estimate the overall efficiency of U.S. electricity
generation. How does this compare to the efficiency for
transportation?
The United States uses many different energy sources and technologies to generate electricity. The sources and technologies have changed over time, and some are used more than others.
The three major categories of energy for electricity generation are fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and petroleum), nuclear energy, and renewable energy sources. Most electricity is generated with steam turbines using fossil fuels, nuclear, biomass, geothermal, and solar thermal energy. Other major electricity generation technologies include gas turbines, hydro turbines, wind turbines, and solar photovoltaics.
Natural gas was the largest source—about 38%—of U.S. electricity generation in 2021. Natural gas is used in steam turbines and gas turbines to generate electricity.
Coal was the second-largest energy source for U.S. electricity generation in 2021—about 22%. Nearly all coal-fired power plants use steam turbines. A few coal-fired power plants convert coal to gas for use in a gas turbine to generate electricity.
Petroleum was the source of less than 1% of U.S. electricity generation in 2021. Residual fuel oil and petroleum coke are used in steam turbines. Distillate—or diesel—fuel oil is used in diesel-engine generators. Residual fuel oil and distillates can also be burned in gas turbines.
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