The amount of heat that left the system is 11.7 joules (given as a positive number).
When a piston is compressed fully with gas and 8.4 joules of work is done on it, and the internal energy (u) of the system is increased by 3.3 joules, we need to determine the amount of heat that left the system.
To determine the amount of heat that left the system, we need to use the First Law of Thermodynamics, which states that the change in internal energy (u) of a system is the sum of the heat (q) added to it and the work (w) done on it, which can be represented as:
u = q + w
Where, u = Change in internal energy of the system
q = Heat added to the system
w = Work done on the system
From the given information, w = -8.4 J (since work was done on the system), and u = 3.3 J.
Therefore, substituting these values in the above equation, we get:
3.3 J = q + (-8.4 J)3.3 J + 8.4 J
q = 11.7 J
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g which of the following statements is correct about this circuit? the equivalent resistance of the circuit is the algebraic sum of all resistors. all of these options are true. total voltage on this combination is an algebraic sum of voltages on each resistor. currents through all resistors are the same.
The following statement is true about this circuit: option (A) The equivalent resistance of the circuit is the algebraic sum of all resistors.
This means that the total resistance of the circuit is equal to the sum of the individual resistances of each resistor. The total voltage on this combination is an algebraic sum of voltages on each resistor. This means that the total voltage of the circuit is equal to the sum of the voltages across each individual resistor.
The currents through all resistors are the same. This means that the total current that flows through the circuit is the same as the current that flows through each individual resistor.
To summarize, in a series circuit the equivalent resistance, total voltage, and current are equal to the algebraic sum of all the individual resistances, voltages, and currents respectively.
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how to find the minimum thickness of a film such that reflected light undergo constructive interference
The minimum thickness of the film for constructive interference of reflected light would be t = 3*600/(2*1.4) = 850 nm.
The minimum thickness of a film required for constructive interference of reflected light can be calculated using the formula t = m*λ/(2*n),
where t is the minimum thickness of the film, m is the order of interference, λ is the wavelength of the light, and n is the index of refraction of the film.
For example, if the order of interference is 3, the wavelength of the light is 600 nm, and the index of refraction is 1.4,
the minimum thickness of the film for constructive interference of reflected light would be t = 3*600/(2*1.4) = 850 nm.
Constructive interference of reflected light occurs when the phase difference between the two waves is equal to an integral multiple of 2π.
This can be determined using the formula Δφ = (2π*m)/(λ*n), where Δφ is the phase difference, m is the order of interference, λ is the wavelength of the light, and n is the index of refraction of the film.
To achieve constructive interference, the minimum thickness of the film can be determined by ensuring that the phase difference is equal to an integral multiple of 2π.
The minimum thickness of a film required for constructive interference of reflected light can be calculated using the formula t = m*λ/(2*n),
where t is the minimum thickness of the film, m is the order of interference, λ is the wavelength of the light, and n is the index of refraction of the film.
Constructive interference can be achieved by ensuring that the phase difference between the two waves is equal to an integral multiple of 2π.
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Two aircraft are flying toward each other at the same speed. They each emit a 800 HZ whine. what speed (km/hr) must each aircraft have an order that pitch they both hear is 2 times the emitted frequency. Hint: the speed of sound is 343m/s
Each aircraft must be moving at a speed of 85.75 km/hr towards each other to hear a pitch that is 2 times the emitted frequency.
What is frequency ?
Frequency is a physical quantity that describes the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit of time. It is often measured in Hertz (Hz), which represents the number of cycles or vibrations per second.
In the context of waves, such as sound waves or electromagnetic waves, frequency refers to the number of complete cycles of the wave that occur in one second. A high frequency wave has more cycles per second than a low frequency wave.
Frequency is also an important concept in physics, particularly in the study of oscillations and waves. It is used to describe the behavior of systems that oscillate or vibrate, such as a simple pendulum or a guitar string. In these cases, the frequency of the oscillation is related to the natural frequency of the system, which is determined by its mass, stiffness, and other properties.
When two aircraft are moving towards each other, the sound waves from each aircraft are compressed, leading to a higher pitch than the emitted frequency. The pitch heard by the pilots of the aircraft can be calculated using the following formula:
Pitch heard = Emitted frequency * (Speed of sound + Speed of observer) / (Speed of sound - Speed of source)
Since the two aircraft are flying towards each other at the same speed, we can assume that the speed of one aircraft is x km/hr, and the speed of the other aircraft is also x km/hr. Therefore, the relative speed between the two aircraft is 2x km/hr.
Substituting the values given in the formula, we get:
2 * Emitted frequency = Emitted frequency * (343 + 2x) / (343 - x)
Simplifying this equation, we get:
686 - 2x = 343 + 2x
4x = 343
x = 85.75 km/hr
Therefore, each aircraft must be moving at a speed of 85.75 km/hr towards each other to hear a pitch that is 2 times the emitted frequency.
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if a current of 5.5 a is used, what is the force generated per unit field strength on the 20.0 cm wide section of the loop? use units of newtons per tesla.
The force generated per unit field strength on a 20.0 cm wide section of the loop with a current of 5.5 A is: 0.001 newtons per tesla
The force generated per unit field strength on a 20.0 cm wide section of the loop with a current of 5.5 A is given by the formula F = (μI) / 2πr,
where μ is the permeability of free space, (4π x 10-7 N/A²)
I is current, and r is the radius of the loop.
In this case, the force is (4π x 10-7 x 5.5) / (2π x 0.1) = 0.001 N/T.
In other words, the force generated per unit field strength on a 20.0 cm wide section of the loop with a current of 5.5 A is 0.001 newtons per tesla.
The formula for the force generated per unit field strength on a loop is derived from the fact that the force is a result of the magnetic field generated by the current flowing in the loop.
The magnitude of the magnetic field generated is proportional to the current and inversely proportional to the radius of the loop. Since the force is a product of the current and the magnetic field, it is proportional to the square of the current and inversely proportional to the square of the radius of the loop.
In summary, the force generated per unit field strength on a 20.0 cm wide section of the loop with a current of 5.5 A is 0.001 newtons per tesla, given by the formula F = (μI) / 2πr, where μ is the permeability of free space (4π x 10-7 N/A²), I is current, and r is the radius of the loop.
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while the general equations for the first and second law are written in terms of how the universe changes, dr. laude's preference is that we quickly rewrite them to reflect changes in what?
This is due to the fact that the first and second laws of thermodynamics are universally applicable fundamental principles that can be utilised to examine particular systems and processes.
How do chemical processes relate to the first and second laws of thermodynamics?The part of thermodynamics that deals with chemical reactions is called chemical thermodynamics. The first law states that energy is conserved and cannot be created or destroyed. Second law: When natural processes in a closed system result in a rise in entropy, they are spontaneous.
The second law of thermodynamics is what?According to the second rule of thermodynamics, an isolated system that is out of equilibrium over time must increase in entropy until it reaches the ultimate equilibrium value.
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a mass-spring oscillating system undergoes shm with a period t. what is the period of the system if the amplitude is doubled?
The period of a mass-spring oscillating system undergoing SHM with a period t, when the amplitude is doubled, is still t.
The period of a mass-spring oscillating system undergoing simple harmonic motion (SHM) is determined by the spring constant and mass of the system.
When the amplitude of the system is doubled, the period of the system remains the same, regardless of the amplitude. This means that the period of a mass-spring oscillating system undergoing SHM with a period t, when the amplitude is doubled, is still t.
To understand why the period remains the same, consider the equation for simple harmonic motion:
x(t) = A cos (2πft).
This equation describes the displacement of an object over time and is based on the principle that any system undergoing SHM oscillates about a fixed point at a constant frequency.
The frequency of the system is inversely proportional to the period, and is determined by the spring constant and mass of the system.
Increasing the amplitude of the system does not affect the frequency or period of the oscillations.
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the intensity of the sound of a television commercial is 10 times greater than the intensity of the television program it follows. by how many decibels does the loudness increase?
The television commercial loudness increases by 10 decibels.
Increase in the Intensity of soundThe decibel (dB) scale is a logarithmic measure of sound intensity. The intensity of a sound is measured in watts per square meter and the decibel scale is a way to express the relative loudness of a sound, compared to a reference level.
A 10 dB increase in intensity is a 10-fold increase in sound power. This means that a sound with an intensity of 10 watts per square meter is 10 times louder than a sound with an intensity of 1 watt per square meter.
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water flows through a pipe with a cross-sectional area of 0.002 m2 at a mass flow rate of 4 kg/s. the density of water is 1 000 kg/m3. determine its average velocity. multiple choice question. 20 m/s 200 m/s 0.02 m/s 2 m/s 0.2 m/s
Option D: 2 m/s is the average velocity of the water flowing through a pipe with a cross-sectional area of 0.002 m2 at a mass flow rate of 4 kg/s.
According to the question:
cross-sectional area of the pipe = 0.002m²
Mass flowrate = 4 kg/s
Density of water = 1000 kg/m³
We are asked to find, average velocity =?
Average velocity is the net or total displacement covered by a body in a given time. The mass flow rate divided by the pipe's cross-sectional area and density ratio is the formula for calculating a fluid's average velocity.
As a result, the water's average flow rate through the pipe is provided by:
v = m / (ρ × A)
where, v is the average velocity, m is the mass flow rate, ρ is the density of water, and A is the cross-sectional area of the pipe. Substituting the values in the above equation we get:
v = 4 / (1000 × 0.002)
v = 2m/s
Therefore, the average velocity of water flowing through a pipe of cross-sectional area of 0.002m² is 2m/s.
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Correct question is:
Water flows through a pipe with a cross-sectional area of 0.002 m2 at a mass flow rate of 4 kg/s. The density of water is 1 000 kg/m3. Determine its average velocity. Multiple choice question.
20 m/s
200 m/s
0.02 m/s
2 m/s
0.2 m/s
To determine the location of her center of mass, a physics student lies on a lightweight plank supported by two scales 2.50m apart, as indicated in the figure . If the left scale reads 290 N, and the right scale reads 112 N. What is the student's mass and find the distance from the student's head to her center of mass.
The location of her centre of mass, a physics student lies on a lightweight plank supported by two scales 2.50m apart, as indicated in the figure. If the left scale reads 290 N and the right scale reads 112 N The student's mass is approximately 41 kg, and the distance from her head to her centre of mass is approximately 0.696 m.
To determine the student's mass, we can sum up the readings from both scales, which are measures of force (Newtons) and then convert it to mass using the gravitational acceleration (g = 9.81 m/s²).
Step 1: Calculate the total force acting on the plank:
Total Force = Force_left_scale + Force_right_scale
Total Force = 290 N + 112 N
Total Force = 402 N
Step 2: Convert the total force to mass using gravitational acceleration:
Mass = Total Force / g
Mass = 402 N / 9.81 m/s²
Mass ≈ 41 kg
Now, to find the distance from the student's head to her centre of mass, we'll use the principle of torque equilibrium.
Step 3: Set up the torque equation:
Torque_left_scale = Torque_right_scale
Force_left_scale × Distance_left_scale = Force_right_scale × Distance_right_scale
Let x be the distance from the student's head to her centre of mass. Then, the distance from the left scale to the centre of mass is x, and the distance from the right scale to the centre of mass is (2.50 - x).
Step 4: Plug in the known values and solve for x:
290 N × x = 112 N × (2.50 - x)
Step 5: Simplify the equation and solve for x:
290x = 112(2.50) - 112x
290x + 112x = 112(2.50)
402x = 280
x ≈ 0.696 m
The student's mass is approximately 41 kg, and the distance from her head to her centre of mass is approximately 0.696 m.
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An ice skater is spinning about a vertical axis with arms fully extended. If the arms are pulled in closer to the body, in which of the following ways are the angular momentum and kinetic energy of the skater affected?
Angular Momentum Kinetic Energy
(A) Increases Increases
(B) Increases Remains Constant
(C) Remains Constant Increases
(D) Remains Constant Remains Constant
(E) Decreases Remains Constant
An ice skater is spinning about a vertical axis with arms fully extended. If the arms are pulled closer to the body, the angular momentum of the skater will remain constant while the kinetic energy of the skater increases. The correct option is C.
The angular momentum of the skater is given by
[tex]L = I\omega[/tex],
where I is the moment of inertia of the skater and ω is the angular velocity.
When the skater pulls their arms in, their moment of inertia decreases due to the decreased distance between their body and the axis of rotation.
According to the conservation of angular momentum, the product of the moment of inertia and angular velocity must remain constant. Therefore, if the moment of inertia decreases, the angular velocity must increase to keep the angular momentum constant.
The kinetic energy of the skater is given by
[tex]K = (1/2)I\omega^2[/tex]
As the moment of inertia decreases and the angular velocity increases, the kinetic energy of the skater also increases because it is proportional to the square of the angular velocity.
Therefore, the correct answer is: (C) Remains Constant Increases. The angular momentum remains constant, while the kinetic energy increases due to the increased angular velocity.
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logs sometimes float vertically in a lake because one end has become water-logged and denser than the other. what is the average density of a uniform-diameter log that floats with 20.0% of its length above water?
Uneven-diameter logs that float with 20.0% of their length above water have an average density of 0.8g/cm3. The density is the proportion of weight to capacity.
An item it's far less compact that liquid may be supported up liquid water, and hence it floats. More dense objects can sink when submerged in water. Less dense logs float whereas more thick logs sink. A body can change its condition of rest or motion by the application of force
Instead of obliquely reading from either the side, read the scale stick straight from of the end of both the log. → The diameter of a log is only ever calculated within the bark. Employ a log measuring rod to determine the log's small end's "diameter from within bark," also known as "d.i.b."
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a tired worker pushes a heavy (100-kg) crate that is resting on a thick pile carpet. the coefficients of static and kinetic friction are 0.6 and 0.4, respectively. the worker pushes with a force of 600 n. the frictional force exerted by the surface is
When a tired worker pushes a heavy (100-kg) crate that is resting on a thick pile carpet, the frictional force exerted by the surface on the crate is 588 N.
When a tired worker pushes a heavy (100-kg) crate that is resting on a thick pile carpet, the frictional force exerted by the surface can be calculated as follows:
The weight of the crate = m × g = 100 kg × 9.8 m/s² = 980 N
Force applied by the worker = F = 600 N
The force of friction acting on the crate is given by the following formula:
Ff = μF
Where, μ is the coefficient of friction, F is the normal force acting on the crate.
Notes: The normal force is equal and opposite to the weight of the crate. i.e., N = 980 N1. The frictional force exerted by the surface on the crate is the static frictional force initially. Hence, we use the coefficient of static friction for our calculation.
2. If the force applied by the worker is not enough to overcome the static frictional force, then the crate will not move and the frictional force will remain static friction.
3. Once the crate starts moving, the static friction will convert to kinetic friction. Hence, we will use the coefficient of kinetic friction if the force applied by the worker is greater than the force of static friction. Initially, the force applied by the worker is less than the force of static friction, hence the frictional force exerted on the crate will be the static frictional force.
Frictional force = Ff = μN
The normal force acting on the crate = Weight of the crate = 980 N
Frictional force =
Ff = μN
= 0.6 × 980 N
= 588 N
Therefore, the frictional force exerted by the surface on the crate is 588 N.
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pry on the power steering reservoir to adjust the tension of the power steering belt. true or false?
The statement "pry on the power steering reservoir to adjust the tension of the power steering belt" is: false.
The tension of the power steering belt is adjusted by adjusting the position of the power steering pump. There is a tension adjustment bolt on the power steering pump that is used to adjust the tension of the power steering belt. The adjustment bolt should be turned clockwise or counterclockwise to adjust the tension of the belt.
A belt tension gauge may be used to ensure that the belt is properly tensioned. A pry bar should not be used on the power steering reservoir to adjust the tension of the power steering belt. This could cause damage to the reservoir or other components of the power steering system. The reservoir should be inspected for damage or leaks, but it should not be used to adjust the tension of the belt.
In summary, the tension of the power steering belt should be adjusted by adjusting the position of the power steering pump, not by prying on the power steering reservoir.
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a 10.0-mf capacitor is fully charged across a 12.0-v bat- tery. the capacitor is then disconnected from the battery and connected across an initially uncharged capacitor with capacitance c. the resulting voltage across each capacitor is 3.00 v. what is the value of c?
The value of uncharged capacitor in series with a 10.0-microfarad capacitor, given that each capacitor has a voltage of 3.00 volts, can be calculated using the formula for equivalent capacitance in series and formula for charge on a capacitor. The value of c is approximately 4.00 microfarads.
To determine the value of c, which is [tex]1/Ceq = 1/C1 + 1/C2[/tex] . Initially, the 10.0-microfarad capacitor has a charge of [tex]Q = CV = (10.0 * 10^{-6 }F) * 12.0 V = 1.20 * 10^{-4} C[/tex].
When it is connected in series with uncharged capacitor with capacitance c, charge is shared between the two capacitors. The charge on 10.0-microfarad capacitor is also equal to the charge on uncharged capacitor, which is given by [tex]Q = (3.00 V) * C[/tex] .
Equating the two expressions for Q and solving for c, we get [tex]C = Q/3.00[/tex] [tex]V = (1.20 * 10^{-4 C}) / (3.00 V) = 4.00 * 10^{-5 F}[/tex]. Therefore, value of c is approximately 4.00 microfarads.
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explain the use of air bags and seat belts in terms of momentum and impulse. please provide examples (and calculations) to elaborate your concepts.
Answer:
Explanation:
A seatbelt is designed to stretch a bit when the car decelerates rapidly. You travel forward a little while being stopped - you do not stop sharply as you would if you hit the dashboard. The seatbelt stretching increases the time over which your momentum is changed, thereby decreasing the force experienced by your body.
Airbags are made from a strong coated fabric. They are stored in a module mounted on the steering wheel and dashboard and side panels of the car. The inflation of them is initiated by crash sensors that activate upon impact at speeds of more than 10-15 miles per hour. They are mounted in several locations on the car body. In a crash, the sensor sends an electrical signal to the airbag which then causes the airbag to deploy. It ignites a chemical propellant which produces nitrogen gas, which then inflates the bag itself.
a system releases 690 kj of heat and does 110 kj of work on the surroundings. part a what is the change in internal energy of the system?
A system releases 690 kj of heat and does 110 kj of work on the surroundings then part a what i the change in internal energy of the system -800 kJ.
The change in internal energy of the system can be calculated using the formula
ΔU = Q - W,
where ΔU is the change in internal energy, Q is the heat exchanged, and W is the work done.
In this case, the system releases 690 kJ of heat (Q = -690 kJ) and does 110 kJ of work on the surroundings (W = 110 kJ).
So, ΔU = -690 kJ - 110 kJ = -800 kJ.
The change in internal energy of the system is -800 kJ.
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two stationary point charges q1 and q2 are shown in the figure along with a sketch of some field linesrepresenting the electric field produced by them. what can you deduce from the sketch?
From the sketch, we can deduce that the two charges q1 and q2 are of opposite signs, as field lines start at the positive charge q1 and end at the negative charge q2. The field lines also indicate that the magnitude of the electric field produced by q1 is larger than that of q2.
Additionally, the field lines show that the electric field lines near the charges are denser, indicating a stronger electric field intensity near the charges. The direction of the electric field points from q1 to q2, which is consistent with the direction of the force that a positive test charge would experience if placed in the field. The field lines also show that the electric field is radial, i.e., the field lines point directly away from or towards each charge in a straight line, which is a characteristic of the electric field produced by a point charge. Finally, the density of the field lines decreases with distance from the charges, indicating that the electric field strength decreases with distance from the charges, following an inverse-square law.Learn more about electric field at: https://brainly.com/question/14372859
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A 23.3 kg boy is moving along a circular path with the constant speed of 2.7 m/s. What is the magnitude of the centripetal force acting on the boy if the radius of the circle is 12.9 m. Note : Calculate the answer to 3 (three) significant figures by presenting it in normal ( decimal) form. Don't forget to include the unit.
The centripetal force for the given question would be 16.3 N.
Explanation:
The magnitude of the centripetal force acting on a 23.3 kg boy moving along a circular path with a constant speed of 2.7 m/s and the radius of the circle is 12.9 m is 16.3 N (newton).
What is centripetal force?
Centripetal force is the net force acting on an object moving in a circular path toward the center of the circle. It always points towards the center of the circle, hence the name "center-seeking force".
What is the formula for centripetal force?
The formula for centripetal force is Fc = (mv²)/r, where Fc is the centripetal force, m is mass, v is velocity or speed and r is the radius of the circular path.
In the given question: Mass, m = 23.3 kgVelocity, v = 2.7 m/s, Radius, r = 12.9. To calculate centripetal force,
F = (m x v^2)/r
Putting the given values in the above formula: F = (23.3 kg x (2.7 m/s)^2)/12.9 m= 16.3 N (newton)
Therefore, the magnitude of the centripetal force acting on the boy is 16.3 N (newton).
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what observation can you make that allows you to determine the relative magnitudes of the forces on the upper book?
Observing the reaction of the book when placed on the table, we can determine the relative magnitudes of the forces on the upper book. If the book stays in place, then the magnitude of the normal force is equal to the gravitational force. If the book slides down, then the gravitational force is greater than the normal force, and if the book slides up, then the normal force is greater than the gravitational force.
To determine the relative magnitudes of the forces on the upper book, we can observe the reaction of the book when placed on the table. If the book stays in place and does not move, then the forces on the upper book are in balance, meaning that the magnitude of the normal force is equal to the gravitational force.
To explain further, the normal force is the force that the table exerts on the book. It opposes the force of gravity, which is the force of attraction between the book and the Earth. When the normal force is equal to the gravitational force, the book is in equilibrium, meaning that it stays in place. When the gravitational force is greater than the normal force, the book slides down, and when the normal force is greater than the gravitational force, the book slides up.
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Why is momentum not conserved in real life situations
Momentum is not always conserved in real-life situations because external forces can act on a system and change its momentum.
For example, when two cars collide, friction and air resistance can cause the momentum of the system to change. Similarly, when a ball is thrown in the air, gravity and air resistance act on it and cause its momentum to change. Other factors such as deformation, energy loss, and imperfect collisions can also cause momentum to be lost or gained. Therefore, while momentum is a useful concept in physics, it is important to consider the impact of external factors when analyzing real-world situations.
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(a) when a 9.00-v battery is connected to the plates of a capacitor, it stores a charge of 27.0 mc. what is the value of the capacitance? (b) if the same capacitor is connected to a 12.0-v battery, what charge is stored?
The formula for calculating capacitance is as follows:
C = Q/V
Where,
C = capacitance (Farads)
Q = charge (Coulombs)
V = voltage (Volts)
As given,
Q = 27.0 μC
V = 9.00 V
Substituting the given values in the above equation
C = 27.0 μC/9.00 V = 3.00 μF
Therefore, the value of capacitance is 3.00 μF.
The formula for calculating charge stored is as follows:
Q = CV
Where,
Q = charge (Coulombs)
C = capacitance (Farads)
V = voltage (Volts)
As given,
C = 3.00 μF
V = 12.0 V
Substituting the given values in the above equation,
Q = (3.00 × 10⁻⁶ F) × 12.0 V = 36.0 μC
Therefore, the charge stored is 36.0 μC.
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use the impulse-momentum theorem to find how long a falling object takes to increase its speed from 4.23 m/s to 10.47 m/s?
The time it takes the object to fall through the change in speed using the impulse-momentum theorem is 0.62 seconds.
What is impilse-momentum theorem?
The impulse-momentum theorem states that the change in momentum of an object is equal to the impulse exerted on it.
To calculate the time it takes the object to increase it speed using the impulse-momentum theorem, we use the formula below.
Formula:
Ft = m(v-u)Ft/m = (v-u)Recall that F/m = acceleration. Therefore,
at = v-ua = (v-u)/t.......................... Equation 1Where:
a = Acceleration due to gravityv = Final velocityu = Initial velocityt = TimeFrom the question,
Given:
v = 10.47 m/su = 4.23 m/sg = 9.8 m/s²Substitute these values into equation 1 and solve for t
9.8 = (10.27-4.23)/tt = (10.27-4.23)/9.8t = 6.04/9.8t = 0.62 secondsHence, the time it takes the object to fall is 0.62 seconds.
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We were just introduced to electricity in physics and I have some questions:
1. Since electrons can be transferred from our hair to the balloon, can electrons also be transferred from the balloon to our hair? (Do questions always say whether an object is positive or negative charge)
2. Do electrons stay in place since balloons are rubber insulators?
3. What point do neutrons serve? Are they just there?
4. Are objects in constant exchange of energy with one another? Whenever they come in contact they exchange electrons until equal?
1 - Since electrοns can be transferred frοm οur hair tο the ballοοn , electrοns cannοt be transferred frοm ballοοn tο οur hair because. This is an illustratiοn οf charging by cοnductiοn.
2 - Since the rubber οn the ballοοn is significantly less cοnductive than the hair, electrοns will nοt easily escape the ballοοn because οf this.
3 - Neutrοns are electrically neutral , neutrοns dοesn't participate in this prοcess.
What is charging by cοnductiοn?A charged οbject must cοme intο cοntact with a neutral οbject tο cοnduct electricity. As a result, when twο charged cοnductοrs cοme intο cοntact, the charge is split between the twο cοnductοrs, charging the uncharged cοnductοr.
When twο neutral οbjects are rubbed against οne anοther, electrοns are transferred. The οbject that has a strοnger affinity fοr electrοns will take electrοns frοm the οther οbject, and the twο becοme charged in οppοsitiοn. In this instance, the electrοns frοm the hair are taken up by the ballοοn , which nοw has an excess οf electrοns and a negative charge cοmpared tο the hair's current electrοn shοrtage and pοsitive charge.
2- Since the rubber οn the ballοοn is significantly less cοnductive than the hair, electrοns will nοt easily escape the ballοοn because οf this.
3- Neutrοns are electrically neutral , neutrοns dοesn't participate in this prοcess.
4-Insulating materials may becοme electrically charged when they cοme intο cοntact with οne anοther. Negatively charged electrοns can "rub οff" οne material and "rub οn" tο anοther. After bοth things have the same quantity οf οppοsite charges, the substance that gets electrοns becοmes negatively charged, and the material that lοses electrοns becοmes pοsitively charged.
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