You have just completed a bootcamp organised in conjunction with
the SUSS Impact Startup Challenge in Sustainability. A key
theme, during the bootcamp, was the need to achieve a balance between the profit-oriented nature of a business while ensuring the sustainability of the environment and the earth’s limited non-renewable resources. Spurred by the knowledge gained and motivated by the sharing from various founders and mentors, you are considering starting your own venture upon graduation. Furthermore, coupled with the numerous reports in recent years about the worsening climate change and excessive waste generated by consumerism, you are convinced that a business in its pursuit of financial goals must also play its part, no matter how small, to minimise waste, reduce its carbon footprint and contribute to a sustainable future for all.
During the bootcamp, one of the mentors invited aspiring entrepreneurs to contact him for future funding opportunities. Being keen to seize this opportunity, you decided to apply what you have learnt from the bootcamp to develop a preliminary start-up proposal to pitch to the mentor.
You are to construct a business model canvas and analyse the opportunities for launching a sustainability-focused business or a business with sustainable practices. In your report, you should appraise in detail each section of the business model canvas. The report should also include a detailed financial analysis to demonstrate the financial viability of the venture.
Guidelines and Assumptions
1. The business concept must not be a (i) Franchise, (ii) Wholesaler/Distributor or (iii) F&B-related (where the primary business activity includes dine-in or takeaway such as restaurants, cafes, pastries and confectioneries, bakeries, food kiosks, etc.).
2. The proposed business must operate out of a rented unit that is located at Sunset Way (operating as a home-based business is not permitted). The unfurnished vacant unit of 1,000 square feet is available for rent at $8,000 per month for the entire unit, fixed for a minimum 3-year lease. The landlord has also offered you the option to rent half the unit (500 square feet) at $5,000 per month.
3. In deciding the space required, you need to consider the current requirements of the proposed business, the maximum foreseeable operating capacity and ability to accommodate future expansion of the business. Changes to the space leased during the tenancy term is not permitted.
4. Rental deposit required is equivalent to 2 months’ rental, to be paid together with the first month’s rental upon commencement of the lease. Sub-letting is not allowed by the landlord.
5. The first month of operations is the gestation period of the new business, e.g., staff recruitment, renovation, staff training and etc. The first revenue can only be received by the new business from the second month onwards in the financial forecast.
6. The depreciation for any capital investment is a straight line over three (3) years.
7. You managed to pool together $30,000 as your initial equity capital. The investor is willing to invest between 50% to 75% of the balance of capital
required as his equity stake (you will need to propose the amount). The remaining shortfall in capital will be extended as a loan to the business at the
start, with only interest payable each month (see further for cost of debt) and the full repayment of the principal on the 36th month.
8. The following Cost of Capital (Weighted Average Cost of Capital, WACC) formula must be used (no marks will be awarded if any other WACC formula
is used):
WACC = E/V * Re + D/V * Rd x (1 - Tc). 9. Specific Tax Exemptions, Credits and Reliefs (e.g., Tax Exemption Scheme for New Start-Up Companies), Concessions, Rebates, Loss-Carrying Forward and similar Schemes are to be ignored in computations.
10. Assumptions made must be supported by appropriate references shown in the appendices. All sources must be properly cited in the text, and included in the reference list.
Ques:
(a) Executive Summary
(b) The Business Model
(b) (i) Business Model Canvas
(b) (ii) Analysis of the Business Model Canvas Components based on Research Data
(c) Sustainability Actions and Goals
(d) (i) 3-Year Pro-forma Income Statement (1st to 3rd year on monthly basis)
(d) (ii) 3-Year Pro-forma Cash Flow Statement (1st to 3rd year on monthly basis)
(e) Total Capital Required, Sources and Justification
(f) Expected Financial Returns: Valuation (based on the discounted cash flow method), NPV and IRR (Cost of Equity at 8.0% (Re), Cost of Debt (Rd) at 5% and Corporate Tax Rate (Tc) at 17%)
(g) Percentage Shareholding Offered to Investor

As a rule, a system should pay for itself and return an appropriate profit within 2-3 years because after that the time the system will usually need major enhancements or reworking.

A system refers to a collection or set of entities, physical or conceptual, that are grouped together for a common purpose. It is used to reduce complexity by breaking down the components of a process or project into smaller, more manageable chunks.  

To determine whether a system is generating enough profit, businesses may use different financial metrics to evaluate their investments. The Return on Investment (ROI) metric is one of the most widely used. The ROI of a system is calculated by dividing the profit generated by the initial investment or the cost of creating and installing the system. Businesses usually prefer a system with a higher ROI, which demonstrates that their investment is paying off quickly.

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The purchase of savings bonds by individuals allows the U.S. Government to eliminate crowding out.

Crowding out could be a phenomenon that happens when government borrowing drives up intrigued rates, which in turn leads to a diminish in private investment.

This may happen since when the government borrows cash, it increments the request for loanable reserves, which drives up intrigued rates.

As intrigued rates rise, businesses have gotten to be less willing to contribute since the cost of borrowing gets to be more costly.

The purchase of investment funds bonds by people gives the government a source of financing that does not require it to borrow cash from the open.

This implies that the government does not need to drive up intrigue rates, which can offer assistance to anticipate swarming out

So the one is to eliminate crowding out.

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Leasing the diagnostic scanner would be the better option in this situation.

The cost of the scanner is $5.2 million, and it would be depreciated in 4 years with no value remaining after 4 years due to radiation contamination. Leasing the scanner would cost $1.51 million per year for 4 years, which is less than the upfront cost of purchasing the scanner.

Additionally, the tax rate of 21% would reduce the amount of cash available for purchasing the scanner. Lastly, the 8% borrowing rate before taxes is greater than the cost of leasing the scanner, making it more expensive to purchase the scanner. Therefore, leasing the diagnostic scanner would be the more cost-effective and financially wise option.

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The following two potential new locations for distribution facilities might be determined from the demand data: San Angel and McAllen.

San Angelo: Because to its strategic position in West Texas, San Angelo offers quick access to a number of highly populated areas, including Lubbock, Midland, and Odessa. It is also close to important thoroughfares like I-10 and US-87, which may make it easier to travel to other regions of the state.
McAllen: Situated in the far south of Texas, McAllen offers quick access to populous areas like Brownsville, Corpus Christi, and Laredo. Its proximity to the US-Mexico border may make it easier to distribute and sell goods internationally. Of course, there may be more elements to take into account, such as the supply of land, manpower, and transportation infrastructure. To find the best locations for the new distribution facilities, a thorough investigation would be required.

What is distribution centres?

Businesses employ distribution centres (DCs) as places to store and ship goods to clients. It is a crucial link in the supply chain and acts as a hub for the receiving, storing, and shipping of goods from producers or suppliers to merchants, distributors, or end users.
Large storage capacities are prevalent in distribution centres, which make optimal use of cutting-edge technology including conveyor systems, automated storage and retrieval systems, and warehouse management systems. To maintain efficient operations, they also hire a range of staff, including warehouse employees, inventory managers, and logistics coordinators.
The location of a distribution centre is crucial since it can affect supply chain efficiency overall, delivery times, and transportation costs. To provide better customer service and cut shipping costs, businesses may decide to set up numerous distribution centres in advantageous locations.

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The statement "FASB codification provides in one place all the authoritative literature related to a particular topic" is true because all accounting standards must be included in the Codification once they are established by FASB.

The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) is a source of US GAAP that is authoritative. The Codification is an electronic database of accounting standards, guidance, and interpretations created by FASB, and it organizes the US GAAP into a single, comprehensive database. Moreover, it provides all of the authoritative guidance for a specific topic in one location, making it simple to find relevant information.

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It is impossible to ascertain which variable would not be a dependent variable in an experiment without knowing the independent variable.

When examining the relationship between two variables in a study, it is critical to understand which variable is the independent variable and which is the dependent variable.

In any experiment, there must be at least two variables: the independent variable (the one that causes the change) and the dependent variable (the one that is affected by the change).

As a question answering bot, I am not capable of determining what the independent variable is or what the experiment is attempting to investigate. Nonetheless, it is certain that at least one of the variables in the question, whether it's market share, total sales, percent increase in market penetration, or advertising, is a dependent variable

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The business in question is pursuing a cost leadership strategy as it is selling high-quality fast food at an affordable price that others cannot match. A cost leadership strategy is a business approach in which a business provides products or services at a lower cost than its competitors.

This approach necessitates reducing costs while maintaining a reasonable level of quality in order to keep prices low and attract price-sensitive customers. The following are the characteristics of a cost leadership strategy:

Examples of firms that use cost leadership strategies are Walmart, Southwest Airlines, and McDonald’s. They achieve cost leadership through a range of approaches such as using low-cost raw materials, providing standardized products, and economies of scale.

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We must figure out how many compounding periods there are in five years for Joe to have $4,468.09 inside the bank. There really are 4 quarters in a year, which means there are 4 x 5 = 20 interest rate .

The 30-year fixed mortgage's average interest rate is currently 7.11% as of today, March 8, 2023, an increase of 8 basis points from the previous week at this time. The average 30-year fixed refinancing interest rate is currently 7.08% for homeowners seeking a refinance; this is a decrease of 3 basis points over the previous week.

The following is how compound interest is calculated:

A += P(1 + r/n)^(nt) (nt)

A is the whole sum in this case.

P equals the initial investment (initial deposit)

the yearly interest rate, r (as a decimal)

The integer n determines how many times the interest was compounded annually.

t stands for time (in years)

Using the values entered, we obtain:

A = 3500(1 + 0.05/4)

^(4 x 5) (4 x 5)

A = 3500(1.0125)^20\sA = 3500(1.2763) (1.2763)

A = $4,468.09

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The last time I leveraged technology or system tools to get a payroll/tax related matter to completion was when I had to file my annual tax return.

I used an online tax filing system that was both user-friendly and secure.

I was able to accurately and quickly complete my tax return by inputting my data into the system and submitting it electronically. The system was able to provide me with detailed information on the process and potential savings that I could make through deductions.

After completing the return, I was able to receive an instant confirmation that my filing was successful. This helped me to get the payroll/tax related matter to completion quickly and easily.

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Tesla is into focused differentiation, as they aim to create unique electric vehicles with innovative designs and features for specific market segment.

Tesla fits into the focused differentiation category of the four generic business strategies. This is because Tesla focuses on a specific market segment, electric vehicles, and differentiates itself from competitors by offering unique features and technology.

Tesla's focus on innovation and sustainability sets it apart from other car manufacturers and allows it to charge a premium price for its products.

Therefore, Tesla, an electric car manufacturer, is presented in the text as fitting into focused differentiation categories.

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The statement that is FALSE regarding perpetuities is "PV of a perpetuity = r/C." The correct formula for the present value (PV) of a perpetuity is PV = C/r, where C is the constant cash flow and r is the discount rate.

This formula is derived from the fact that the present value of a perpetuity is equal to the sum of the present values of each individual cash flow, which can be represented as an infinite geometric series. By rearranging the terms and simplifying, we can arrive at the formula PV = C/r.

Therefore, the correct answer is "PV of a perpetuity = r/C" is the false statement regarding perpetuities.

The other statements, including that a perpetuity is a stream of equal cash flows that occurs at regular intervals and lasts forever, that one example of a perpetuity is the British government bond called a consol, and that to find the value of a perpetuity by discounting one cash flow at a time would take forever, are all true.

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The operating income of the Residential Division would increase by $1,300,000, calculated as follows:

25,000 units x $52 = $1,300,000

The operating income of the Commercial Division would increase by the same amount, $1,300,000.

The total company operating income would increase by $2,600,000, calculated as follows:

$1,300,000 (Residential Division increase) + $1,300,000 (Commercial Division increase) = $2,600,000.

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A sample size that should be taken to conduct the analysis is 385 units.

In order to propose a sample size to conduct an analysis of the issues of defective products being produced by an electronics line, we need to take into consideration the population size and the level of confidence desired.

Sample size calculation

Population size = 24,000 units produced per day (production line works 24/7 across three shifts)

Level of confidence desired = 95%

Margin of error = 5%

Using the sample size calculator, we can calculate the sample size as follows:

Sample\ Size\ =\ Z^{2\ }*\ P\ *\ Q/E^2

where Z = Z-score (1.96 for 95% confidence interval), P = proportion of defective products (unknown), Q = (1 - P), and E = margin of error (0.05).

Since we do not know the proportion of defective products, we can assume it to be 0.5 for maximum sample size.

Sample\ Size\ =\ {1.96}^2\ *\ 0.5\ *\ 0.5/{0.5}^2

Sample size = 384.16 ≈ 385 (rounded up to nearest whole number)

Therefore, a sample size of 385 units should be taken to conduct the analysis. This sample size is justified because it is large enough to provide a representative sample of the population and ensure a high level of confidence while keeping the margin of error relatively low.

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Rob McKinsey, the president of McKinsey Inc., discovers that the functional structure of his company is becoming too awkward as McKinsey Inc. grows in size and complexity, so it would be strategically reasonable to turn to matrix structure.

Since the functional structure A matrix structure is a hybrid organizational structure that combines the characteristics of both functional and projectized structures. It combines the strengths of the functional and projectized structures to achieve higher efficiency and productivity. The matrix structure aims to create a balance between the two structures and to overcome the weaknesses of both structures. As a result, it is best suited for complex and dynamic projects and organizations. Matrix structure advantages:

Matrix structure disadvantages:

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1. Yes, the European division qualifies as a discontinued operation.

Operation is a process of performing, executing, or carrying out a task in order to achieve a goal. It can refer to any kind of process, whether it is a routine task or a complex procedure.

The criteria for a discontinued operation is that it has been disposed of or is classified as held for sale, or is a component of an entity whose operations and cash flows are being eliminated from the ongoing activities of the company. In this case, Play Cloth has announced its plan to sell the European division and has hired a professional services firm to assist in finding a buyer. This meets the criteria for a discontinued operation.

2. The total earnings (loss) for the European division is $3,410,000. This is calculated by taking the sales price of the division ($49,270,000) and subtracting the carrying value of the division ($51,460,000). This results in a loss of $2,190,000, which is then adjusted for the income earned by the division between 1 July 20X0-30 June 20X1 ($5,590,000 + $1,180,000 = $6,770,000). This results in a total earnings (loss) of $3,410,000.3.

Partial Statement of Comprehensive Income

For the Year Ended 30 June 20X1

Discontinued Operations

Gain/Loss on Disposal of Division

Sales Price .............................$49,270,000

Carrying Value .........................$51,460,000

Loss on Disposal ......................$(2,190,000)

Income Earned by Division ........$6,770,000

Total Earnings (Loss) ...............$3,410,000

Tax Expense ..........................$1,023,000

Net Earnings (Loss) .................$2,387,000

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The following are the strict liability and product liability defenses with the best response: - If the product is subject to comprehensive federal safety regulations: Preemption; When the user or consumer knew the risk and voluntarily assumed it: Assumption of risk; Apportions liability if the defendant was also negligent: Comparative negligence; If the particular danger is commonly known by particular users of the product: Knowledgeable user.

Strict liability refers to the liability that does not require fault, and the term is used in the law of torts. The courts have assigned this term to numerous activities in which courts have held one party responsible for injuries caused to another party, regardless of whether the injured party could have avoided the harm by taking reasonable precautions. Strict liability is used in product liability cases.

Product liability is the law that governs product liability claims against manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors, and vendors of dangerous or defective products. Product liability has a lot to do with strict liability. A manufacturer can be held strictly liable for any harm caused by their products. This applies even if the manufacturer was not negligent in the manufacture of the product or in the provision of the product.

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Some of the financial managers may feel that the company's goals contradict with their own, causing them to prioritise productivity over social responsibility.

In general, financial managers keep an eye on a company's finances and work to secure its long-term survival. They are in charge of crucial duties like cash flow monitoring.

The cost of financing, associated risk, dilution of control, and repayment flexibility are all factors that are taken into account when determining the best source of funding. The best capital structure for the company can be built by contrasting numerous options and analysing in light of these important variables.

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Yes, you are correct. When a company purchases another business that does something similar to what the purchasing company does, the purchasing company is using a strategy of related diversification.

Related diversification is a strategy that involves a company expanding its business operations into a new industry that is similar to its existing industry. This is done in order to increase the company's profitability and reduce its overall risk. By purchasing another business in a similar industry, the company is able to leverage its existing expertise and resources to create economies of scale and increase its competitive advantage.

For example, if a company that specializes in making shoes decides to purchase a company that makes socks, this would be an example of related diversification. Both companies operate in the apparel industry, and the purchasing company can use its existing knowledge and resources to improve the operations of the sock company, leading to increased profitability for both businesses.

In conclusion, related diversification is a strategic approach used by companies to expand their business operations into similar industries in order to increase profitability and reduce risk.

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A list of prospects regularly contacted by an agent in the hopes of making them clients is called a sphere of influence.

A sphere of influence is a group of people that an agent connects with on a regular basis to create new business or enhance existing business relationships. They are frequently categorized as contacts who have a meaningful connection with the agent or a relationship built over time.Because most agents' spheres of influence are made up of individuals they already know, these groups tend to be easier to engage with and persuade than strangers. Agents may regularly connect with people in their sphere of influence via telephone, email, social media, or in-person visits to discuss industry topics, local news, and personal updates. The sphere of influence is a crucial component of any sales or marketing plan, as it allows an agent to create valuable relationships with individuals who are most likely to refer new business or require the agent's services in the future

A sphere of influence is a group of individuals with whom an agent connects on a regular basis to establish new business or enhance existing business relationships. It is critical for agents to maintain strong relationships with their sphere of influence since they are most likely to refer new business or use the agent's services in the future.

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The Sweet Spot approach to implementing sustainability in business is an effective strategy because it considers the three dimensions of sustainability, social, environmental and economic, together.

This approach is an effective tool to consider how to create more sustainable products and services that can help businesses balance these three dimensions, as well as the stakeholders' expectations and needs. It recognizes that in addition to being good for the environment and society, sustainable practices also make good economic sense for businesses.  It is because customers are willing to pay for products and services that are environmentally and socially responsible, and can lead to reduced costs through increased efficiency and reduced waste, as well as increased employee satisfaction and retention.

The Sweet Spot approach to sustainability enables companies to balance the three dimensions of sustainability and create long-term value for themselves and their stakeholders. It helps businesses achieve greater success in their sustainability initiatives by making sure they are effective, efficient and profitable.

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The implied interest rate the investor can earn on the security is 12% (option 1)

The implied interest rate can be determined by calculated using the financial calculator. The discounted value of the cash flow in five years should be equal to the present value of $2000.

$2000 = [tex]\frac{3,524.68}{(1 + r)^{5} }[/tex]

Where r = implied interest rate

A financial calculator would be used to determine the value of r

Cash flow in year 0 = -2000

Cash flow each year from year 1 to 4 = 0

Cash flow in year 5 = 3,524.68

IRR / implied interest rate = 12%

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Change in Account Receivables is treated in the statement of cash flows using the indirect method by adding or deducting it from the net income. It is added if there is a decrease in account receivables, and it is deducted if there is an increase in account receivables.

Why is this so?

The cash flow statement gives information about the company's sources and uses of cash. It shows how the cash balance changed from the beginning of the period to the end of the period. It consists of three sections - operating activities, investing activities, and financing activities.

The change in account receivables has a direct impact on cash. When a sale is made, the company increases its account receivables balance. If the customer pays in cash, the account receivable balance decreases, and cash increases.

Similarly, if the customer pays with credit, account receivable increases, and cash remains the same.

Therefore, to accurately show the changes in cash, it is important to adjust the net income for the changes in account receivables. The indirect method is used to calculate cash flows from operating activities.

In this method, net income is adjusted for non-cash items such as depreciation, gain/loss on sale of assets, etc. The change in account receivables is also adjusted in this method.

A decrease in account receivables means that customers have paid their outstanding balance during the period, which has increased the cash balance.

Therefore, it is added to the net income to calculate cash flow from operating activities. On the other hand, an increase in account receivables means that the company has not received payment for sales made during the period.

This means that cash balance has decreased, and therefore the increase in account receivables is deducted from the net income to calculate cash flow from operating activities.

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Yes, there are particular evaluation approaches and methodologies that may be appropriate for the envisaged evaluation activities.

Examples include qualitative and quantitative research methods, surveys, focus groups, experiments, interviews, and literature reviews. Additionally, the use of metrics such as reliability, validity, or objectivity may be useful in assessing the evaluation activities.

There are specific evaluation approaches and methodologies that are suitable for the planned evaluation activities. These approaches are based on various factors such as the type of program, the resources available, and the objectives of the evaluation. What are Evaluation approaches and methodologies? Evaluation approaches and methodologies refer to various ways in which an assessment can be conducted. The primary goal of these approaches is to collect information about a program and analyze it to determine its effectiveness.

The following are some of the common evaluation approaches that can be used in the envisaged evaluation activities:

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Of the following statements, the true statement of competency models is that they are useful for a variety of HRM practices, not just training and development.

They provide common criteria for identifying appropriate training activities for employees, and they provide a tool for determining what skills are necessary to meet current and future needs. A competency model is a group of competencies that are organized into a framework or structure. Competencies are knowledge, skills, abilities, or other traits that contribute to successful job performance.

A competency model serves as a tool for identifying the knowledge, skills, and abilities that are required for successful performance in a specific job, role, or function. It serves as a benchmark for evaluating employees' job performance and identifying areas for development. A competency model provides a comprehensive framework for the development of job descriptions, performance appraisals, and training and development programs.

It helps managers and HR professionals identify the specific knowledge, skills, and abilities that are necessary for success in a particular job. It provides a common language and a shared understanding of the skills and abilities required for success in a particular role, which can help to ensure that hiring decisions, performance appraisals, and training and development programs are aligned with the organization's strategic objectives.

In conclusion, the true statement of competency models is that they are useful for a variety of HRM practices, not just training and development. They provide common criteria for identifying appropriate training activities for employees, and they provide a tool for determining what skills are necessary to meet current and future needs.

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The 500 new customers will bring in additional revenue for the promotional campaign in the near future (by the end of the first year). However, the short-term impact on profitability may be negative due to the fact that the CLV for some segments exceeds the acquisition cost.

A company's total cost to acquire a new asset or customer is known as its acquisition cost. This includes all costs, both direct and indirect, related to marketing, sales, and other efforts to acquire new customers. By dividing the total amount spent on customer acquisition by the number of new customers acquired during the same period, the acquisition cost can be calculated. It is a crucial metric for assessing a company's customer acquisition strategy's effectiveness and efficiency.

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Nonemployee share-based payment equity awards are measured at fair value on the date such awards vest and are recorded as an expense based upon that valuation is True.

Share-based payment equity awards are a type of compensation that a business provides to its workers or vendors using shares of the company's stock.

These awards can take different forms, such as stock options, restricted stock units, or phantom stock plans.

The purpose of these awards is usually to incentivize employees to work harder to achieve better financial results for the company.

Non-employee share-based payment equity awards are awards given to people who are not regular employees of the company, but who provide services to the company in a temporary or consulting capacity.

Examples of non-employees include suppliers, contractors, or freelance workers.

The value of these awards must be estimated and recorded according to the fair value principle, which means that the value of the award is based on the current market value of the company's stock on the date the award is vested.

The expense of these awards is recorded based on the fair value of the award on the vesting date, which is the date when the recipient becomes entitled to receive the award.

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Answer: Customers

Explanation: the customers not the quality control engineers are responsible for defining quality for a product.

According to the U.S. Department of Commerce, foreign students made $45 billion in economic contributions to the United States in 2018.

The diversity of experience is one of them, and geographic diversity is another. They wish to hire overseas students for both of these main causes. Students with a variety of backgrounds can bring new ideas to the classroom and actively participate in group discussions.

The continued growth in international students coming to the U.S. for higher education had a significant positive economic impact on the United States. According to the U.S. Department of Commerce, foreign students made $45 billion in economic contributions to the United States in 2018.

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Lois worked for Champion Auto Retailer and was laid off when car sales fell during a recession with falling incomes. This is an example of cyclical unemployment. Cyclical unemployment is a type of unemployment that is caused by changes in the economy's cyclical nature.

This is a type of unemployment that is influenced by the growth and contraction of the economy. For example, cyclical unemployment occurs when the economy enters a recession or downturn and companies are forced to lay off employees. Cyclical unemployment occurs when there are not enough jobs to go around, which means that people are unemployed due to the business cycle's fluctuations.

This type of unemployment is largely influenced by macroeconomic factors such as economic recessions, downturns, and business cycle fluctuations. Cyclical unemployment occurs as a result of the labor market's periodic fluctuations.

As a result, the employees who are laid off due to these factors are referred to as "cyclical unemployed."Lois worked for Champion Auto Retailer and was laid off when car sales fell during a recession with falling incomes. This is an example of cyclical unemployment because it is influenced by economic fluctuations, as well as changes in the labor market due to the cyclic nature of the economy.

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On 31 March 20X8, the semi-annual interest payment and bond discount amortization can be recorded as follows Dr. Interest Expense $640,000, Dr. Discount on Bonds Payable $91,400, Cr. Cash $731,400.

Interest Expense: ($16,000,000 × 8% × 6/12) = $640,000

Discount on Bonds Payable Amortization: ($83,000 + $8,400) = $91,400

Dr. Interest Expense $640,000

Dr. Discount on Bonds Payable $91,400

Cr. Cash $731,400

To record the retirement of 35% of the bond, the entry would be:

Dr. Bonds Payable $5,536,450 (($16,000,000 × 0.35) - $83,000)

Dr. Loss on Bond Retirement $1,054,550 (($16,000,000 × 0.35) - $5,536,450)

Cr. Cash $5,488,000

The loss on bond retirement is calculated as the difference between the carrying amount of the bonds retired and the cash paid to retire them.

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