3. Assume an investor is very risk-averse and is creating a portfolio based on the mean-variance model and the risk-free asset. The investor will most likely choose an investment on A. the left-hand side of the efficient frontier. B. the right-hand side of the efficient frontier. C. the line segment connecting the risk-free rate to the market portfolio. D. the line segment extending to the right of the market portfolio.

Question 8: The current period will have C) a leftward shift of the IS curve.

Question 9: The central bank should implement a policy in the current period that C) shifts the LM curve downward.

Question 10: When there is a reduction in expected future taxes A) the IS curve to shift right in the current period

Question 8:

An increase in the expected future interest rate will make saving more attractive and investment less attractive, which will reduce current consumption and investment. This will lead to a leftward shift of the IS curve.

Question 9:

To prevent any change in current output, the central bank should implement a policy that offsets the expected decrease in interest rates. This can be done by shifting the LM curve downward, which will increase the money supply and lower interest rates, stimulating investment and consumption without affecting output.

Question 10:

A reduction in expected future taxes will increase expected future disposable income, which will increase consumption and investment in the future. This will lead to a rightward shift of the IS curve in the current period as people increase their consumption and investment today to take advantage of the expected tax reduction in the future.

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Question 8: C) a leftward shift of the IS curve

An increase in the expected future interest rate means that the cost of borrowing in the future will be higher. As a result, individuals will reduce their consumption and investment spending in the future, leading to a decrease in aggregate demand. This decrease in aggregate demand causes a leftward shift in the IS curve in the current period.

Question 9: D) shifts the LM curve upward.

If individuals expect interest rates to decrease in the future, they will increase their consumption and investment spending in the current period. This leads to an increase in aggregate demand and a rightward shift in the IS curve. To prevent any change in current output, the central bank should implement a policy that shifts the LM curve upward, thereby accommodating the increase in aggregate demand without affecting output.

Question 10: A) the IS curve to shift right in the current period

A reduction in expected future taxes means that individuals will have more disposable income in the future. As a result, they will increase their consumption spending in the future, leading to an increase in aggregate demand. This increase in aggregate demand causes a rightward shift in the IS curve in the current period.

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Canada Telecom’s WACC is not the right discount rate for its new project because the new project is expected to have a different capital structure than the existing business.

The new division has a target debt-equity ratio of 0.6, while the overall company is currently 30% debt financed. Therefore, the new project’s WACC will be different from the company's WACC.

We cannot use XYZ’s equity beta (1.05) as a proxy for the equity beta of Canada Telecom’s new project because the two companies have different business risks, financial risks, and operating environments.

While XYZ is a pure-play multimedia company, Canada Telecom has a diversified business portfolio. Moreover, the debt-to-equity ratios of the two companies are different. Therefore, we need to estimate the new project’s equity beta.

To estimate the new project’s equity beta, we can use the Hamada equation:

Equity Beta = Unlevered Beta * [1 + (1 - Tax Rate) * (Debt/Equity)]

Here,

Unlevered Beta = XYZ's Equity Beta / [1 + (1 - Tax Rate) * (Debt/Equity)]

= 1.05 / [1 + (1 - 0.35) * (0.35/0.65)] = 0.86

Debt-to-Equity Ratio of the new project = 0.6

Tax Rate = 35%

Plugging the values in the Hamada equation, we get:

Equity Beta = 0.86 * [1 + (1 - 0.35) * (0.6/0.4)]

= 0.86 * 1.63

= 1.40

Therefore, the estimated equity beta of Canada Telecom’s new project is 1.40.

The new project’s cost of capital can be calculated as follows:

Cost of Equity = Risk-Free Rate + Equity Risk Premium * Beta

= 3% + 5% * 1.40

= 10%

Cost of Debt = 6.5%

Tax Rate = 35%

Weight of Debt = 0.6

Weight of Equity = 0.4

WACC = (Weight of Debt * Cost of Debt * (1 - Tax Rate)) + (Weight of Equity * Cost of Equity)

= (0.6 * 6.5% * (1 - 0.35)) + (0.4 * 10%)

= 2.34% + 4%

= 6.34%

Therefore, the new project’s cost of capital is 6.34%.

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In Tirana, a free rider problem example is littering in public spaces. To overcome this, the local government can implement fines for littering and increase public awareness through educational campaigns.

The free rider problem occurs when individuals benefit from a shared resource without contributing to its maintenance or cost. In Tirana, public spaces like parks and streets are used by everyone, but some individuals litter without considering the negative impact on the community.

To address this issue, the local government can introduce fines for littering, which would discourage individuals from leaving trash in public areas. Additionally, the government can launch educational campaigns to inform citizens about the importance of keeping public spaces clean and the consequences of littering.

These measures would encourage people to contribute to maintaining the cleanliness of the city, reducing the free rider problem.

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True. advertising is relevant for both business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumer (B2C) tactics.

In a B2B context, advertising is often used to sell products or services to other corporations, inclusive of workplace materials or production equipment.

B2B advertising and marketing normally specializes in constructing relationships and generating leads rather than direct sales. In a B2C context, advertising is used to promote products or services without delay to purchasers, which include apparel, food, or entertainment.

B2C advertising and marketing frequently focuses on constructing brand focus and developing emotional connections with customers to inspire them to make purchases.

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True. advertising is relevant for both business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumer (B2C) tactics. In a B2B context, advertising is often used to sell products or services to other corporations,

inclusive of workplace materials or production equipment. B2B advertising and marketing normally specializes in constructing relationships and generating leads rather than direct sales. In a B2C context, advertising is used to promote products or services without delay to purchasers, which include apparel, food, or entertainment. B2C advertising and marketing frequently focuses on constructing brand focus and developing emotional connections with customers to inspire them to make purchases.

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Answer:

Due to the dilution on your company's share price, your company would actually be paying a discount of 4.76% (1.56/32.76) instead of a premium.

Explanation:

a. The price per share of the combined corporation immediately after the merger is completed can be calculated as follows:

Combined EPS = (Earnings of your company + Earnings of TargetCo) / (Total shares outstanding)

= ($3 million + $2 million) / (2 million shares)

= $2.5 per share

Combined price per share = Combined EPS x P/E ratio

Assuming a P/E ratio of 14, the combined price per share would be:

Combined price per share = $2.5 x 14 = $35

b. The price of your company immediately after the announcement would be expected to decrease due to the dilution effect of issuing new shares to acquire TargetCo. Assuming the market adjusts for the expected premium, the new price per share can be calculated as:

New price per share of your company = Current price per share x (1 + premium percentage) / (1 + exchange ratio)

= $35 x (1 + 20%) / (1 + 1/35)

= $32.76

c. The price of TargetCo immediately after the announcement would be expected to increase to reflect the premium being paid by your company. The new price per share can be calculated as:

New price per share of TargetCo = Current price per share x (1 + premium percentage)

= $26 x (1 + 20%)

= $31.20

d. The actual premium your company will pay would be the difference between the new price per share of TargetCo and the new price per share of your company.

Actual premium = New price per share of TargetCo - New price per share of your company

= $31.20 - $32.76

= -$1.56

This means that your company would actually be paying a discount of 4.76% (1.56/32.76) instead of a premium, due to the dilution effect on your company's share price.

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The difference between Beale Manufacturing Company's required return and Foley Industries' required return is 4.20%. Beale's required return is 11.50%, while Foley's required return is 7.30%.

To calculate the required return for each company, we use the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) formula: Required Return = Risk-Free Rate + Beta * (Market Return - Risk-Free Rate).

For Beale Manufacturing Company:
Required Return = 2.5% + 1.2 * (10% - 2.5%)
Required Return = 2.5% + 1.2 * 7.5%
Required Return = 2.5% + 9%
Required Return = 11.50%

For Foley Industries:
Required Return = 2.5% + 0.6 * (10% - 2.5%)
Required Return = 2.5% + 0.6 * 7.5%
Required Return = 2.5% + 4.5%
Required Return = 7.30%

Now, subtract Foley's required return from Beale's required return:
11.50% - 7.30% = 4.20%

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Based on the information provided, this opportunity would fit in the "Expand" stage of the bow tie funnel.

Jenny has already sold an initial deal to the VP of marketing, but now there is interest from additional departments within the customer's company. This is an opportunity to expand the relationship and sell more licenses. However, because the budget now requires CFO approval and procurement processes, it may take more time and effort to close the deal.

This is typical of the Expand stage, where there may be more stakeholders involved and the sales cycle may be longer than in the initial sale. Overall, this is a good example of cross-selling, as Jenny is selling to new buyers within the same customer organization.

Hence, in expand stage of the bow tie funnel, existing customers are targeted for cross-selling, upselling, and referral opportunities. Jenny's situation demonstrates cross-selling as she has expanded the product's reach within the organization by involving additional departments and buyers.

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The annual yield for the six-month (182 day) Treasury bills issued in October 2008 at a discount of 1.48% is 2.979%.

To calculate the annual yield, follow these steps:

1. Convert the discount rate to a decimal: 1.48% ÷ 100 = 0.0148

2. Calculate the purchase price: 100 - 1.48 = 98.52

3. Determine the face value: The face value is 100, as Treasury bills are issued at a discount and mature at 100.

4. Calculate the yield for the 182-day period: (100 - 98.52) ÷ 98.52 = 0.014983

5. Determine the number of 182-day periods in a year: 365 days ÷ 182 days = 2

6. Calculate the annual yield: (1 + 0.014983)² - 1 = 0.02979 or 2.979%

In summary, the annual yield for these Treasury bills is 2.979% when assuming 365 days in a year and not rounding intermediate calculations.

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The primary benefit of ABC (Activity-Based Costing) is that it provides more accurate product costing. This improved accuracy enables better management decisions and enhanced control over overhead costs.

The primary benefit of ABC (Activity-Based Costing) is that it provides more accurate product costing. By identifying the specific activities that drive overhead costs, ABC allows for a more precise allocation of those costs to individual products or services. This leads to a better understanding of the true cost of producing a product or delivering a service, which can inform pricing decisions and profitability analysis. While ABC may also result in more cost pools and enhanced control over overhead costs, the main advantage is the ability to make better management decisions based on more accurate cost information.

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Brand-action communications are designed to encourage consumers to take a specific action, such as making a purchase or participating in a promotion. In this case, the email encourages consumers to visit the website, obtain a free sample, and make a purchase in order to receive the free 7-piece skincare sampler.

Brand-image communications, on the other hand, are designed to shape consumers' perceptions of the brand and create a certain image or impression. Brand-information communications focus on providing consumers with information about the brand and its products, while brand-development communications are designed to build long-term relationships with consumers. Brand-awareness communications are intended to increase consumers' awareness of the brand and its products.

Overall, brand-action communications are an important tool for driving sales and encouraging consumer engagement with a brand. By offering a promotion or incentive to make a purchase, brands can encourage consumers to take action and build loyalty over time.

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Inventory affects b) net income on a business's income statement.

Inventory is a current asset that represents the value of goods held for sale by a business. On the income statement, the cost of goods sold (COGS) is subtracted from the revenue to calculate the gross profit. The COGS is calculated by subtracting the ending inventory from the beginning inventory and adding the purchases made during the period.

Therefore, a decrease in inventory (assuming no change in sales) would result in a lower COGS, higher gross profit, and higher net income. Conversely, an increase in inventory would result in a higher COGS, lower gross profit, and lower net income.

Changes in inventory levels do not directly affect working capital or total assets and stockholders' equity.So,b is correct option.

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The natural rate of unemployment is subtracted from the actual unemployment rate to arrive at the cyclical unemployment rate.

(8% - 5% = 3%) The cyclical unemployment rate would be 3%.

The cyclical unemployment rate is calculated by subtracting the natural rate of unemployment from the actual unemployment rate. So, in this case, the cyclical unemployment rate would be 3% (8% - 5% = 3%). This represents the portion of unemployment that is due to the current economic cycle or downturn, rather than due to structural or frictional factors.

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The net present value (NPV) of a project is the sum of all cash inflows, discounted at a rate of return, minus the sum of all cash outflows.

In this case, the initial cost of the sausage system is $444,600. This cost will be depreciated straight-line to zero over the project’s 3-year life, at the end of which the sausage system can be scrapped for $68,400.

The sausage system will save the firm $136,800 per year in pretax operating costs, and the system requires an initial investment in net working capital of $31,920.

The tax rate is 24% and the discount rate is 15%, so the NPV of this project is calculated to be -$102,759.66. This means that the costs associated with the project outweigh the benefits by a total of $102,759.66.

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Employees who receive a windfall bonus are often happier if they have used it to do something for other people. This suggests that altruism is positively correlated with increased happiness and satisfaction.

Altruism refers to the practice of selflessly helping others without expecting anything in return. Numerous studies have shown that engaging in altruistic behaviors, such as volunteering, donating to charity, or helping someone in need, can have a positive impact on a person's mental and physical health. In the context of the windfall bonus scenario, it appears that employees who use their bonus to benefit others experience a sense of satisfaction and fulfillment that contributes to their overall happiness. This may be because altruistic behaviors are associated with a range of psychological benefits, including increased feelings of purpose, social connection, and empathy. Overall, the link between altruism and well-being highlights the importance of helping others and contributing to the greater good, not just for the benefit of those we help, but also for our own happiness and fulfillment.

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Employees who receive a windfall bonus are later happier if they have done something for other people with it. This suggests that altruism, which refers to the selfless concern for the well-being of others, plays a significant role in increasing employee satisfaction and happiness.

When employees use their windfall bonus to engage in altruistic acts, such as donating to a charitable organization or helping their colleagues, they tend to feel more fulfilled and content. This is because altruism fosters positive emotions and reinforces the idea of contributing to a greater good, which in turn, enhances the employees' overall well-being.
In summary, the happiness experienced by employees who spend their windfall bonus on others indicates the importance of altruism in promoting personal satisfaction and a sense of purpose within the workplace. Encouraging altruistic behaviors among employees can lead to a more positive work environment and improved morale.

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The statement "One way to establish credibility is to become more dependent of government when designing policy" is false because One way to establish credibility is not to become more dependent on the government when designing policy.

Credibility can be established by creating well-researched, evidence-based policies that are transparent and include input from various stakeholders.

Becoming more dependent on the government can limit the scope of perspectives and potentially reduce objectivity. To create credible policies, it's important to remain independent, gather data from multiple sources, engage in consultation with experts and the public, and have clear and accountable decision-making processes.

This approach ensures that policies are well-rounded, evidence-driven, and have the trust and support of the people they aim to serve.

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electronic data interchange (edi) is still the single most commonly us ed technology in online B. Business to business (B2B) transactions.

Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) is a technology used for exchanging business documents electronically between different companies. It enables the exchange of electronic documents in a standardized format, such as purchase orders, invoices, and shipping notices, between trading partners.

EDI is commonly used in Business to Business (B2B) transactions, where companies need to exchange large volumes of structured data with each other on a regular basis. It can help to reduce paperwork, increase efficiency, and lower costs by automating many of the manual processes involved in exchanging documents.

While EDI is still widely used, other technologies, such as Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) and web services, are becoming increasingly popular for B2B transactions as well.

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Stores are the only major channel that accepts all types of payments, including gift card, debit card, cash, and credit card, which is a benefit for some consumers.

Cash is a widely accepted form of payment, and many consumers prefer to use cash for various reasons, such as budgeting, privacy, or security. Unlike debit cards, credit cards, or gift cards, cash does not require any personal information or financial transactions, which can help protect consumers from identity theft or fraud. While stores also accept debit cards, credit cards, and gift cards, cash payments remain an important and widely used option for consumers. Some stores may even offer discounts or special deals for customers who pay with cash, as it can help reduce processing fees and other costs associated with other payment methods. Overall, the acceptance of cash payments is an important factor for consumers when choosing where to shop and how to pay.

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Gift cards and cash are the payment methods that can be used at most stores, and they are often the only payment methods accepted at some smaller retailers or local businesses.

While debit and credit cards are widely accepted at most stores, there are still some retailers who do not accept these payment methods, particularly for smaller transactions or in certain regions. However, gift cards and cash are generally accepted at all types of stores, making them a convenient payment option for many consumers. Additionally, using gift cards can be a way to budget and limit spending, as the card can only be used up to the value loaded onto it.

Accepting a wide range of payment options can be an important factor for retailers in attracting and retaining customers. By providing a variety of payment methods, retailers can appeal to different consumer preferences and needs.

For example, some consumers may prefer to use cash for privacy reasons or to avoid the potential risks of identity theft associated with electronic payments.

On the other hand, others may prefer the convenience and rewards offered by credit or debit card payments. By accepting a range of payment options, retailers can cater to the needs of different customer segments and enhance the overall shopping experience.

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The correct answer is ""direct"". One of the benefits of selling via a direct marketing channel is that it allows the seller to interact with consumers without going through an intermediary .

When a seller uses a direct marketing channel, they can interact directly with the end consumer without going through any intermediary or middleman. This allows the seller to have more control over the customer experience and build a direct relationship with the consumer. In contrast, an indirect marketing channel involves one or more intermediaries between the seller and the consumer, such as wholesalers, retailers, or agents. A parallel marketing channel involves using both direct and indirect channels simultaneously.

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Not abiding by your peer's selected principle can have various repercussions from a legal, business, or general professional perspective. It can lead to conflicts, loss of trust, and damage to relationships.

From a legal perspective, not following a peer's selected principle could result in violating laws, contracts, or regulations, which may lead to legal disputes, fines, or other legal consequences.

From a business perspective, not abiding by a peer's selected principle could harm the company's reputation, affect customer satisfaction, and ultimately result in loss of business and revenue.

From a general professional perspective, not respecting your peer's selected principle can damage your professional relationships and affect your reputation within the industry. It can also create a negative work environment, lower morale, and affect team productivity.

Overall, not abiding by your peer's selected principle can have serious repercussions in various aspects of your professional and personal life, and it is essential to uphold ethical and professional standards to maintain healthy relationships and avoid potential consequences.

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The actions of recording checksums, increasing secure audit logging, building up host defenses, backing up critical data, and educating users can all be classified under the task area of preparing systems for incident response.

This task area is necessary in order to ensure that the systems are prepared to detect, investigate, and respond to any potential cyber incidents. Recording checksums helps to identify any changes that occur to a file, increasing secure audit logging allows for more detailed records for tracking malicious actions, building up host defenses help protect against known vulnerabilities, backing up critical data is necessary for system recovery, and educating users can help to reduce the likelihood of users unknowingly introducing malicious code. All of these actions are necessary for proper incident response.

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The weight of preferred stock , based on the mentioned values in the company's WACC is found to be 7.48%.

To calculate the weighted average cost of capital (WACC), we need to determine the proportion of each type of financing (common stock, preferred stock, and debt) in the company's overall capital structure. The weight of each component is determined by dividing the market value of that component by the total market value of the company's capital structure.

To calculate the weight of the preferred stock, we need to determine the market value of the preferred stock.

Market value of preferred stock = Number of preferred shares x Market price per share = 10,000 x $50 = $500,000

Next, we need to determine the total market value of the company's capital structure:

Total market value = Market value of common stock + Market value of preferred stock + Market value of debt

Total market value = (75,000 shares x $42 per share) + $500,000 + (3,000 bonds x 101.2% x $1,000 par value per bond)

Total market value = $3,150,000 + $500,000 + $3,036,000

Total market value = $6,686,000

Now we can calculate the weight of the preferred stock:

Weight of preferred stock = Market value of preferred stock / Total market value

Weight of preferred stock = $500,000 / $6,686,000

Weight of preferred stock = 0.0748 or 7.48%

Therefore, the weight of preferred stock in the company's WACC calculation is 7.48%.

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The monthly earnings credit is the amount of money a bank credits to a customer's account as compensation for the customer's deposits. The earnings credit rate for this scenario is 3.70%.

It is calculated based on the average daily balance in the account and the earnings credit rate (ECR) set by the bank.

To calculate the earnings credit rate (ECR) for this scenario, we need to use the following formula:

ECR = (Monthly earnings credit / Average daily balance) x (365 / Days in month)

We can calculate the average daily balance as follows:

Average daily balance = (Ledger balance + Deposit float) / Days in month

Average daily balance = ($300,000 + $100,000) / 30

                                     = $13,333.33

We are given that the monthly earnings credit is $507, and the days in the month are 30. The reserve requirement ratio is also given as 10%.

Using the formula for ECR, we get:

ECR = ($507 / $13,333.33) x (365 / 30)

ECR = 0.036975 or 3.70% (rounded to two decimal places)

Therefore, the earnings credit rate for this scenario is 3.70%.

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SWOT analysis would be the best tool to employ in this situation. The correct answer is option d.

SWOT stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. This analysis helps in identifying and evaluating the internal and external factors that can influence the success of a project or a new product launch.

By using SWOT analysis, the supply management organization can assess the feasibility of marketing a new product by identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the new product as well as the opportunities and threats in the market.

This information will help in making a more informed decision about whether to move forward with the new product or not.

The correct answer is option d.

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In this hypothetical scenario, the woman could potentially assert a claim of negligence against the man. To determine if she will prevail in her lawsuit, we need to consider the elements of negligence, which include duty, breach, causation, and damages.

1. Duty: The man owed a duty of care to the woman to act reasonably and not cause her harm while they were playing with the ball. It is expected that people should exercise reasonable care towards others in their actions.

2. Breach: The man may have breached this duty when he pushed the woman into the de-thorned roses. Pushing someone into a bush, even one without thorns, could be considered an unreasonable action, as it poses a risk of injury.

3. Causation: The woman must prove that the man's actions directly caused her injuries or damages. If she sustained any injuries or damages as a result of being pushed into the roses, she must show that it was the man's action that led to those consequences.

4. Damages: The woman must demonstrate that she suffered actual harm or damages as a result of the man's negligence. This could include physical injuries, medical expenses, or other forms of loss directly caused by the incident.

In conclusion, if the woman can prove that the man's actions met all the elements of negligence – duty, breach, causation, and damages – she may prevail in her lawsuit. However, the specific facts of the case and the strength of her evidence would ultimately determine the outcome.

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Questions that are biased are a, c, e and i. Questions that are unbiased are b, d, f, g, h, j and k.

a. Biased - This question assumes that the person has a usual choice (chicken sandwich) and might pressure them to choose between the two options provided. A better question would be, "What would you like for lunch today?"
b. Unbiased - This question is open-ended, asking for an opinion on whether smoking should be allowed in a person's own home without assuming a specific stance.
c. Biased - This question is leading, assuming that Mr. Wankel gives too much homework. A more neutral question would be, "What are your thoughts on the amount of homework given by Mr. Wankel?"
d. Unbiased - This question is neutral, simply asking if the person watches baseball games on television without making assumptions or forcing a specific opinion.
e. Biased - This question assumes that football might be more exciting than baseball, which could influence the respondent's answer. A more neutral question would be, "How do you compare the excitement of football and baseball?"
f. Unbiased - This question asks for the person's preference regarding reality TV shows without making assumptions or pushing a specific opinion.
g. Unbiased - This question allows for the respondent to agree or disagree with the fact that texting while driving is illegal, without leading them to a specific stance.
h. Unbiased - This question asks for an opinion on a specific consequence for texting while driving without assuming a specific stance.
i. Biased - This question assumes that Mickey Rooney was short, leading the respondent to think in terms of his shortness. A better question would be, "What was actor Mickey Rooney's height?"
j. Unbiased - This question is open-ended, asking the respondent to describe Abraham Lincoln's height without making assumptions.
k. Unbiased - This question asks for the person's opinion on the school cafeteria food without making any assumptions or leading them to a specific opinion.

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The given statement is true because the concept of "lean" refers to a systematic approach to eliminating waste and increasing efficiency in order to create more value for customers with fewer resources.

The focus is on identifying and eliminating any processes, activities, or resources that do not add value for the customer, while maximizing the use of those that do. By doing so, businesses can improve their competitiveness, reduce costs, and enhance customer satisfaction. Ultimately, the goal of lean is to create a more streamlined, efficient, and customer-centric organization that is better able to meet the needs and expectations of its customers.

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In the year 2011, the forecasted retained earnings are calculated based on the year 2010 ending retained earnings, the forecasted sales, net margin, and dividend payout ratio.The year 2010 ending retained earnings were $2,000,000, and the year 2011 forecasted sales are $100,000 with a 25% net margin and a 20% dividend payout ratio. First, calculate the net income for 2011: $100,000 (sales) * 25% (net margin) = $25,000.
Next, calculate the dividends paid in 2011: $25,000 (net income) * 20% (dividend payout ratio) = $5,000.
Finally, calculate the forecasted retained earnings for year 2011: $2,000,000 (year 2010 retained earnings) + $25,000 (net income) - $5,000 (dividends) = $2,020,000.

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The company is using the perpetual  inventory system.

Based on the accounts named in the chart of accounts, the company is using the perpetual inventory system. In a perpetual inventory system, inventory balances are updated continuously as transactions occur. The purchases account is used to record the cost of inventory purchases, while the purchases discounts account is used to record discounts received from suppliers for prompt payment. T

he purchases returns and allowances account is used to record returns of damaged or unsatisfactory inventory. Finally, the freight-in account is used to record the cost of shipping inventory from suppliers to the company's warehouse. By tracking inventory in real-time, the perpetual inventory system provides businesses with accurate inventory information to help with decision-making and financial reporting.

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The present value of the anticipated future dividends, discounted by 22%, is used to determine the preferred stock's price, which is set at EUR 168.18. The correct option is d.

To compute the price of the preferred stock, we need to use the formula for the present value of a perpetual annuity:

Price = Dividend / Rate of Discount

Given that the dividend is EUR 37 per year and the rate of discount is 22% annually, we can calculate the price of the preferred stock as:

Price = 37 / 0.22 = EUR 168.18

Therefore, none of the options provided (a, b, c) match the calculated price. The correct answer is d. None of the above.

To explain further, the price of the preferred stock is determined by the present value of its expected future dividends. Since the dividends are constant and perpetual, we can use the formula for the present value of a perpetuity.

In this case, the rate of discount is 22%, which reflects the opportunity cost of investing in this preferred stock instead of other investment opportunities that may yield a higher return. The higher the discount rate, the lower the present value of the preferred stock, and vice versa.

Using the formula, we can see that the price of the preferred stock is EUR 168.18, which is the present value of the expected future dividends discounted at 22%.

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We have that, based on the list of acceptable investment opportunities, we obtain that the weighted average cost of capital of the company is 3.4%.

To calculate the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) of the company, we must take into account the cost of each type of financing and their respective weights in the capital structure.

Long-term debt financing has a weight of 40% (0.4) and a cost of 8% after tax. Therefore, the after-tax cost of debt is 0.4 x 0.08 = 0.032 or 3.2%.

Financing with ordinary shares also has a weight of 40% (0.4) and a cost of 10%. Therefore, the cost of capital is 0.4 x 0.1 = 0.04 or 4%.

The financing of preference shares has a weight of 20% (0.2) and a cost of 13%. Therefore, the cost of preferred stock is 0.2 x 0.13 = 0.026 or 2.6%.

To calculate the WACC we add the weighted costs of each type of financing:

WACC = (Weight of Long-Term Debt x Cost of Debt) + (Weight of Common Stock x Cost of Equity) + (Weight of Preferred Stock x Cost of Preferred Stock)

WACC = (0.4 x 0.032) + (0.4 x 0.04) + (0.2 x 0.026)

WACC = 0.0128 + 0.016 + 0.0052

WACC = 0.034 or 3.4%

Therefore, the company's weighted average cost of capital is 3.4%.

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