a wooden artifact from an ancient tomb contains 70% of the carbon-14 that is present in living trees. how long ago was the artifact made?

Answers

Answer 1

The artifact was made about 3102.5 years ago.

An artifact from an ancient tomb contains 70% of the carbon-14 that is present in living trees, how long ago was the artifact made?

Carbon dating is used to estimate the age of organic materials, and it is used to determine the age of an artifact in this situation. The method used to estimate the age of an artifact based on its carbon-14 content is known as carbon dating. Carbon-14 has a half-life of 5,730 years. As a result, the amount of carbon-14 present in an object can be used to determine how long it has been since the object was last in contact with the atmosphere, and therefore how long it has been since it was alive.

Let C0 be the amount of carbon-14 present in living trees and C1 be the amount of carbon-14 present in the wooden artifact. After 5,730 years, C1 will have decayed to 1/2 of C0. After 2(5,730) = 11,460 years, C1 will have decayed to 1/4 of C0. After 3(5,730) = 17,190 years, C1 will have decayed to 1/8 of C0. After 4(5,730) = 22,920 years, C1 will have decayed to 1/16 of C0. After 5(5,730) = 28,650 years, C1 will have decayed to 1/32 of C0.

We'll have to solve the following equation to find the age of the artifact.

C1 = (70/100) * C0

Substitute the value of C0 into the equation and solve for t,

t = ln(0.7) / ln(1/2) = 3102.5 years

The artifact was made about 3102.5 years ago.

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Related Questions

suppose that the number of log-ons to a computer network follow a poisson process with an average of three counts per minute, a. what is the mean time between counts? b. what is the standard deviation of the time between counts?

Answers

a) Mean time between counts is 0.3333 minutes.

b) Standard deviation of time between counts is 0.5774 minutes.

a. Mean time between counts: The mean time between counts can be computed as the inverse of the Poisson rate parameter (λ): Mean time between counts = 1/λ.

The average of 3 counts per minute is the same as the rate parameter λ in a Poisson process. Thus, the mean time between counts is: Mean time between counts = 1/λ = 1/3 = 0.3333 minutes (20 seconds approximately).

b. Standard deviation of the time between counts: The standard deviation of a Poisson process is equal to the square root of the mean.

Therefore, the standard deviation of the time between counts can be calculated as follows: Standard deviation of time between counts = sqrt(mean) = sqrt(1/λ) = sqrt(1/3) = 0.5774 minutes (approximately 35 seconds).

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Help please it’s urgent

Answers

The system of equation with the same solution with 2x + 2y = 16 3x  - y = 4 is 2x + 2y = 16, 6x - 2y = 8. Therefore, the answer is 2.

How to solve system of equation?

System of equation can be solved using different method such as elimination method, substitution method and graphical method.  Therefore, let's solve the system of equation as follows;

2x + 2y = 16

3x  - y = 4

multiply equation(ii) by 2

2x + 2y = 16

6x - 2y = 8

add the equations

8x = 24

x = 24  / 8

x = 3

y = 3x - 4

y = 3(3) - 4

y = 9 - 4

y = 5

Therefore,

2x + 2y = 16

6x - 2y = 8

add the equation

8x = 24

x = 24  / 8

x = 3

Therefore,

2(3) + 2y = 16

6 + 2y = 16

2y = 16 - 6

2y = 10

y = 5

Therefore, the equation with the same solution is 2x + 2y = 16

6x - 2y = 8.

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What is the median for 5, 7, 24, 3, 6, 4, 4, 30, 19

Answers

There is only one middle number because the collection has an odd number of numbers. Since six is the midpoint, six represents the median.

what is median ?

When a dataset is sorted from lowest to highest, the median, a measure of central tendency, reflects the midpoint value of the dataset. The values are first presented from lowest to greatest in order to get the median of a set of data. The median is the middle value when there are an odd number of values. Use the following data set as an example: 5, 7, 24, 3, 6, 4, 4, 30, 19. We first organise the data in order before calculating the median: 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 7, 19, 24, 30

The dataset contains 9 values, which is strange. The middle value, which is six, is therefore the median.

given

We must first arrange the numbers in ascending order in order to determine the median of the group:

3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 7, 19, 24, 30

The median will be the middle number as there are nine numbers in this collection.

There is only one middle number because the collection has an odd number of numbers. Since six is the midpoint, six represents the median.

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PLS HELP! WILL MAKE U BRAINLIST!
Find the point of intersection using substitution. DO NOT USE ANOTHER METHOD. Show all your thinking.

Answers

Answer:

(-2,-3)  

Step-by-step explanation:

3x+y=-9                      

-3x    -3x

y=-3x-9

5x-3(-3x-9)=-1

14x+ 27= -1

-27      -27

14x= -28

/14    /14

x=-2

plug in x    

3(-2)+y=-9  

    -6+y=-9

     +6    +6

          y=-3

a sample survey is to be conducted to determine the mean family income in an area. the question is how many families should be sampled? in order to get more information about the area, a small pilot survey was conducted, and the standard deviation of the sample was computed to be $400 with the mean of $60,000. the sponsor of the survey wants you to use the 0.99 degree of confidence. the estimate is to be within $90. how many families should be interviewed?

Answers

The sample size required is 182 families should be interviewed.

To calculate the number of families that should be interviewed to obtain the desired precision and degree of confidence, one must first determine the minimum sample size required to achieve the desired degree of confidence. As the standard deviation of the sample was computed to be $400 with the mean of $60,000.

Sample size formula: n = (Z² * s²) / E²

The formula for the degree of confidence: Z = 2.576

Sample size formula: n = (Z² * s²) / E²

Substituting the values, we get n = (2.576² * $400²) / $90²= 181.49 = 182 families. The sample size required is 182 should be interviewed families.

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Cell phone Plan A costs $70 per month and comes with a free $500 phone. Cell phone Plan B costs $50 per month but does not come with a phone. If you buy the $500 phone and choose Plan B, how many months is it until your cost is the same as Plan A's? Let m represent the monthly cost.

Answers

Solving a linear equation we can see that the answer is 40 months.

How many months is it until your cost is the same as Plan A's?

We know that company A only charges $70 per month, so the cost in dollars after x months is given by the linear equation:

A(x) = 70*x

For company B you need to pay $50 per month plus the $500 phone, so here the cost is:

B(x) =500 + 50*x

We want to find for what value of x we have B(x) = A(x), then we needto solve:

70x = 500 + 50x

70x - 50x = 500

20x = 500

x = 500/20

x = 40

After 40 months the cost will be the same one than in company A.

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I need help asap pls!!

Answers

Answer:

First, we need to calculate the daily interest rate on the credit card. We can do this by dividing the annual percentage rate (APR) by the number of days in a year:

Daily interest rate = APR / 365

Daily interest rate = 0.2445 / 365

Daily interest rate = 0.00067 or 0.067%

Next, we can calculate the interest that will accrue over the course of one month, which is approximately 30 days:

Interest = Balance * Daily interest rate * Number of days

Interest = $1,359 * 0.00067 * 30

Interest = $27.42

Adding the interest to the outstanding balance, we get:

Balance after one month = $1,359 + $27.42

Balance after one month = $1,386.42

Therefore, the balance on the credit card after one month will be approximately $1,386.42.

.a semi-elliptical arch in a stone bridge has a span of 6 meters and a central height of 2 meters. find the height of the arch at a distance of 1.5 m from the center of the arch.

Answers

The height of the arch at a distance of 1.5 meters from the center is approximately D. 1.73 meters

The shape of a semi-elliptical arch can be described by the equation:

y = c * sqrt(1 - (x/a)^2)

where "a" is half the span of the arch, "c" is the central height of the arch, and (x,y) are the coordinates of a point on the arch, measured relative to the center of the arch.

In this case, we have a span of 6 meters, so a = 3 meters. The central height of the arch is 2 meters, so c = 2 meters. We want to find the height of the arch at a distance of 1.5 meters from the center, so x = 1.5 meters.

Substituting these values into the equation, we get:

y = 2 * sqrt(1 - (1.5/3)^2)

y = 2 * sqrt(1 - 0.25)

y = 2 * sqrt(0.75)

y = 2 * 0.866

y = 1.732

Therefore, the height of the arch at a distance of 1.5 meters from the center is approximately 1.73 meters. Answer D

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Your question is incomplete, but probably the complete question is :

A semi-elliptical arch in a stone bridge has a span of 6 meters and a central height of 2 meters. Find the height of the arch at a distance of 1.5 m from the center of the arch.

A.   1.41 m C.   1.56 m

B.   1.63 m D.   1.73 m

the least common multiple of k and 720 is 3600. what is the sum of all positive integers k that satisfy this property?

Answers

The sum of all positive integers k that satisfy the property is 1800.

To find the sum of all positive integers k that satisfy the property of the least common multiple of k and 720 being 3600, we need to use the concept of prime factorization and LCM. What is LCM?The least common multiple (LCM) of a set of numbers is the smallest number that is a multiple of all the given numbers. It is calculated by taking the common prime factors of the numbers and multiplying them by their highest powers.

Now mentioned in the question that  the LCM of k and 720 is 3600. Let's write 720 and 3600 in prime factorization form. 720 = 2⁴ × 3² × 5¹, 3600 = 2³ × 3² × 5²Let LCM of k and 720 be L. So, L = 2⁴ × 3² × 5²Let k = 2ᵃ × 3ᵇ × 5ᶜ. So, LCM of k and 720 = 2ⁿ × 3ᵐ × 5ᴬ, where, n = max (4, a) , m = max (2, b) , A = max (2, c)Given, LCM of k and 720 = 3600.So, 2ⁿ × 3ᵐ × 5ᴬ = 2⁴ × 3² × 5².

As we know, n = max (4, a) , m = max (2, b) , A = max (2, c)Thus, n = 4, m = 2, A = 2. Since, n = max (4, a) , a = 4 is the only possible solution And, m = max (2, b) , b = 2 is the only possible solution, And, A = max (2, c) , c = 2 is the only possible solution.So, the possible value of k is k = 2⁴ × 3² × 5²i.e. k = 1800. Sum of all possible values of k is 1800.Therefore, the sum of all positive integers k that satisfy the property is 1800.

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3 x 60 = 3 x
tens
Please help me

Answers

I think it equals 18 tens

Answer:

3 x 60 x 30 = 5400

Step-by-step explanation:

Gardening is planting a garden. It has the shape of a right triangle. Wants plants for each square of area. How many plants does want in the​ garden? 7 yards 24 yards 25 yards

Answers

The garden would require 84 plants, which is the same number of plants as the garden's surface area.

The area of the garden can be determined using the formulas below if it is shaped like a right triangle and has sides that are 7 and 24 yards long.

Area of the garden = (1/2) x Base x Height

Area of the garden = (1/2) x 7 x 24

Area of the garden = 84 square yards

Since there is one square yard of area for each plant, the number of plants needed for the garden would be equal to the area of the garden, which is 84 plants.

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Side AD is opposite which angle of triangle ADC?

O. O. O. O.

Answers

Optiοn A : Side AD is οppοsite tο the angle ACD in the given triangle ADC.

What is the οppοsite side οf an angle in a triangle?

Every triangle has 3 sides and thus 3 angles. Each side οf a triangle has 2 angles οf it fοrmed at the 2 endings οf the side and οne angle is the οne present οppοsite tο the side.

Thus, fοr each side, 2 angles are tοuched and 1 angle at the οppοsite is called the οppοsite angle tο that side.

Here, the triangle is ADC.

The 3 angles οf the triangle are : ADC, ACD, and CAD

Fοr side AD,

The twο angles A ( CAD ) and D( ADC ) are cοnnected with the side AD and are adjacent tο it.

The third angle C ( CAD ) is nοn-adjacent tο side AD and is οppοsite tο it. Hence, Optiοn D is cοrrect.

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the support for a basketball hoop forms a right triangle as shown. what is the length, x, of the horizontal portion of the support?

Answers

According to Pythagorean Theorem, The length of the horizontal portion of the support, x, is 3.87 feet.

The length of the horizontal portion of the support, x, can be determined by using the Pythagorean Theorem. The Pythagorean Theorem states that a2 + b2 = c2, where a and b are the sides of a right triangle and c is the hypotenuse.

In this case, a = 7 feet, b = x, and c = 8 feet. We can use the Pythagorean Theorem to solve for x: 72 + x2 = 82, or 49 + x2 = 64. This can be solved for x to get x2 = 15 and x = √15 ≈ 3.87 feet.

Therefore, the length of the horizontal portion of the support, x, is 3.87 feet.

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a frozen food company uses a machine that packages okra in six ounce portions. a sample of 54 54 packages of okra has a variance of 0.44 0.44 . construct the 98% 98 % confidence interval to estimate the variance of the weights of the packages prepared by the machine. round your answers to two decimal places.

Answers

The confidence interval for variance is (0.29,0.58)

A family of continuous probability distributions is known as the chi-square (X2) distribution. They are frequently employed in hypothesis tests, such as the chi-square test of independence and the goodness of fit test.

The parameter k, which stands for the degrees of freedom, determines the shape of a chi-square distribution.

The distribution of real-world observations rarely has a chi-square shape. Chi-square distributions are primarily used for testing hypotheses rather than for modeling actual distributions.

Since we have given that the sample size n= 54,

variance = 0.44

we need to find a 98% confidence interval to estimate the variance.

So, we will use Chi-square distribution,

For this, we will find

df=n-1 = 54-1 = 53,

the interval would be,

[tex]\frac{(n-1)s^2}{X^2_{\alpha/2}} < \sigma^2 < \frac{(n-1)s^2}{X^2_{1-\alpha/2}}\\\\\alpha=1-0.98=0.02\\\\\alpha/2=0.02/2=0.01\\X^2_{0.01,53}=79.84\\Similarly\\\\1-\alpha/2=0.99\\\\X_{1-\alpha/2}^2,df=X^2_{0.99,53}=40.308\\\\So,\\\frac{53*0.44}{79.84} < \sigma^2 < \frac{53*0.44}{40.308}\\\\0.29 < \sigma^2 < 0.58[/tex]

Hence the confidence interval is (0.29,0.58)

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HELP ASAP!!!!!!!!!!!!
Which cannot be the angle measurements of triangle ABC?
Measure of angle A = 55 degrees, measure of angle B = 65 degrees, measure of angle C = 60 degrees
Measure of angle A = 60 degrees, measure of angle B = 60 degrees, measure of angle C = 60 degrees
Measure of angle A = 57 degrees, measure of angle B = 58 degrees, measure of angle C = 65 degrees
Measure of angle A = 61 degrees, measure of angle B = 57 degrees, measure of angle C = 61 degrees

Answers

Answer:

A=61

B=57

C=61

Step-by-step explanation:

The sun of the three angles must give us 180 degrees. so the sum of these three angles is giving us 179 wrong degrees.

13. Solve the inequality |2x + 2|> 4. Graph the solution

Answers

Answer: We can solve the given inequality as follows:

|2x + 2| > 4

There are two cases to consider, depending on whether the expression inside the absolute value is positive or negative:

Case 1: 2x + 2 > 4

2x > 2

x > 1

Case 2: 2x + 2 < -4

2x < -6

x < -3

Therefore, the solution to the inequality is x < -3 or x > 1.

To graph the solution, we can plot the two critical points x = -3 and x = 1 on a number line, and shade the regions to the left of -3 and to the right of 1. This gives us the following graph:

<==================o-----------------o===================>

    x < -3       x > 1

The open circles indicate that the points -3 and 1 are not included in the solution, since the inequality is strict (|2x + 2| > 4).

Step-by-step explanation:

find the perimeter
side A: x+10y units
side B:7x^2-x+9y units

Answers

Step-by-step explanation:

2(x+10y)+2(7x^2-x+9y)

= 2x+20y+14x^2-2x+18y

= (14x^2+38y) units^2

What is the volume of this rectangular prism?
1

13
3
cm
cm
cm

Answers

Length x width x height
1/3 x 1/2 x 1/4 = 1/24

Solve the equation x² = 4.
Do u know what is x ?

Answers

Answer:

x= 2

Step-by-step explanation:

² means times the number itself 2 times.

2×2=4

a waste management company is designing a rectangular construction dumpster that will be twice as long as it is wide and must hold 20 yd^3 of debris. find the dimensions of the dumpster that will minimize its surface area.

Answers

The width of the dumpster that minimizes its surface area is approximately 1.71 yards, and the length is approximately 3.42 yards.

The length of the rectangular dumpster is equal to two times its width, or 2x, if x is its width. The dumpster's height is not specified, however it is not necessary for this issue.

We need to determine the dumpster's size to reduce the amount of surface area it has. The following sources provide the rectangular dumpster's surface area:

A = lw + lh + lw

where w stands for width, l for length, and h for height.

Given that the container must hold [tex]20 yd3[/tex] of waste, we can use the formula for the volume of a rectangular solid to create the following sentence:

[tex]V = lwh = (2x) (x)\\h = 2x^2 h = 20\\h = 10/x^2[/tex]

Inputting this expression for h into the surface area A formula yields the following results:

[tex]A = 2lw + 2lh + 2wh = 2(x)(2x) + 2(x)(10/x) + 2(2x)(10/x) = 4(x)(2x) + 40(x)[/tex]

We can take the derivative of A with respect to x, set it equal to zero, and solve for x to determine the dimensions that minimise A:

[tex]dA/dx = 8x - 40/x^2 = 0\\8x = 40/x^2\\x^3 = 5\\x = (5)^(1/3)\\[/tex]

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A ring shaped region is shown below. Its inner radius is 10m. The width of the ring is 3m.
Find the area of the shaded region.

Answers

Answer:

The ring-shaped region has an inner radius of 10m and a width of 3m. To find the area of the shaded region, we need to subtract the area of the inner circle from the area of the outer circle. The area of a circle is given by A = πr^2, where r is the radius. Therefore, the area of the outer circle is A1 = π(10+3)^2 = 169π m^2 and the area of the inner circle is A2 = π(10)^2 = 100π m^2. Subtracting these two areas gives us: A1 - A2 = (169π - 100π) m^2 = 69π m^2. Therefore, the area of the shaded region is approximately 216.27 m^2 (69π ≈ 216.27) .

the 98.4% confidence interval for snapdragons grown in compost is (20.91, 38.43). what is the margin of error of this confidence interval?

Answers

The margin of error of the 98.4% confidence interval for snapdragons  is 3.71.

The midpoint of the range is calculated by adding the upper and lower bounds and then dividing by two. So, the sample mean is `(20.91 + 38.43) / 2 = 29.67`.

The margin of error is calculated by multiplying the critical value of z* (1.96 for a 98.4% confidence level) by the standard error of the mean. The formula for calculating the margin of error is:

`Margin of error z*(standard deviation/√n`).

The formula is `range/4 = 1.96 * standard deviation/√n`.Now, solve for the standard deviation:

`standard deviation = (range/4) * √n / 1.96`

Substituting the values: `(38.43 - 20.91)/4 = 1.96 * standard deviation/√n`

Simplifying the equation: `4.26 = (1.96*standard deviation)/√n`

Squaring both sides: `4.26^2 = 3.8416 = (1.96^2 * standard deviation^2)/n`

Substituting the value of the standard deviation: `3.8416 = (1.96^2 * ((38.43 - 20.91)/4)^2) / n`

Solving for n: `n = ((1.96^2 * ((38.43 - 20.91)/4)^2) / 3.8416) = 31.54`

Now that we know the sample size, we can calculate the standard error of the mean:

`standard error = standard deviation/√n = ((38.43 - 20.91)/4)/√31.54 = 1.89`.

The margin of error is `1.96 * 1.89 = 3.71`.

The 98.4% confidence interval for snapdragons grown in compost is (20.91, 38.43). The margin of error of this confidence interval is 3.71.

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what is the probability that a customer purchases biography book given that they purchase cooking and bobvilla books? round your answer to two decimal places.

Answers

The probability that a customer purchases a biography book given that they purchase cooking and BobVilla books is 0.08.

To calculate this probability, we need to consider the following components:

1. The total number of customers purchasing cooking and BobVilla books: This is the denominator of our equation, and it represents the total number of customers who purchased the two books.

2. The number of customers purchasing the biography book: This is the numerator of our equation, and it represents the number of customers who purchased the biography book.

3. The probability that a customer purchases a biography book given that they purchase cooking and BobVilla books: This is the fraction of customers who purchased the biography book over the total number of customers who purchased the two books.

To calculate the probability that a customer purchases a biography book given that they purchase cooking and BobVilla books, we need to divide the numerator (the number of customers purchasing the biography book) by the denominator (the total number of customers purchasing the two books).

This probability can be expressed as a decimal, which is 0.08. This value can also be rounded to two decimal places, which is 0.08.

In conclusion, the probability that a customer purchases a biography book given that they purchase cooking and BobVilla books is 0.08.

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what is the answer for 239.3 x 55

Answers

Answer:

13,161.5

Step-by-step explanation:

5x3= 15 then go over and carry the one then do 5x9= 45+1= 46 then go over to 3 and carry the four and 5x3= 15+4= 19 put 9 down and carry the one then 5x3= 10+1= 11 after x the 0 the repeat what you did and add up the final numbers so 239.5x 55= 13161.5

If the area of a bookshelf is 216 in.² if the length of the bookshelf is 36 inches what is the width of the bookshelf

Answers

The width of the bookshelf will be 6 inches when the area and length are 216 in and  36 inches.

What is the width?

Width is a dimension of a geometrical figure that tells about the structure of the figure. In general, width is used to measure the object.

What is formulae of width?

Width is obtained by dividing area and length.

                               W=A/L

substitute values, 216/36= 6inches.

The width is gonna be 6 because all you have to do is divide 216 and 36

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an operations manager has carefully examined the 1500 parts produced in his factory and classified them into 30 families with geometric similarities using codes that contain design attributes. this is an example of

Answers

An operations manager has carefully examined the 1500 parts produced in his factory and classified them into 30 families with geometric similarities using codes that contain design attributes. This is an example of: group technology.

What is group technology?

Group technology is a manufacturing philosophy that seeks to improve efficiency and productivity by grouping similar parts together and standardizing their production processes.

By grouping similar parts together, manufacturing processes can be standardized and streamlined, reducing the time and cost associated with producing each part. This approach is particularly effective in high-volume manufacturing operations where a large number of parts are produced repeatedly.

In this case, the operations manager has identified 30 families of parts with geometric similarities and used codes that contain design attributes to classify them. By doing so, the manager has created a basis for grouping similar parts together and standardizing their production processes. This can lead to a more efficient and cost-effective manufacturing operation.

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the 14 teams in the local little league are listed in the newspaper. how many listings are possible?

Answers

The total number of listings possible for the 14 teams in the local little league is 11,664. This is because there are 14 teams, so the number of possible listings is equal to 14! (14 factorial). 14! is equal to 1x2x3x4x5x6x7x8x9x10x11x12x13x14, which equals 11,664.

To further explain, 14! is the number of ways to arrange 14 items. This is because the first item can be arranged in 14 ways, the second item in 13 ways, the third in 12, and so on. This means that the total number of possible arrangements is 14x13x12x11x10x9x8x7x6x5x4x3x2x1, which equals 11,664.

Therefore, the total number of listings possible for the 14 teams in the local little league is 11,664.

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suppose you have a set of normally distribution data where the mean is 120 and the standard deviation is 15. what score is located at -3sx?

Answers

The score located at -3sx (standard deviation) from the mean in a normal distribution is 75. This is because in a normal distribution, the mean is the center and -3sx is three standard deviations away from the mean. Therefore, the score located at -3sx would be the mean minus three standard deviations, which is 120-45=75.

To further explain, a normal distribution is a probability distribution characterized by a symmetrical bell-shaped graph, and it's determined by the mean and standard deviation of the dataset. In this case, the mean is 120 and the standard deviation is 15. Therefore, the data would have an average score of 120 and an average range of 30 (15 plus and minus from the mean). If the score is located at -3sx, it would be three standard deviations away from the mean and the score would be 75.

Therefore, the score located at -3sx would be the mean minus three standard deviations, which is 120-45=75.

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which statistical method could a scientist use to estimate the strength of evidence that a particular node in a phylogeny exists?

Answers

A scientist can use bootstrap analysis to estimate the strength of evidence that a particular node in a phylogeny exists.

Bootstrap analysis is a statistical method used to determine the reliability and robustness of phylogenetic trees' topologies. In bootstrap analysis, a series of random resampling with replacement is used to assess how well the observed data fit the phylogenetic hypothesis.

Bootstrap values range from 0 to 100 and reflect the proportion of times that a particular node or branch occurs in the bootstrap replicate trees. Bootstrap values greater than 70% are usually considered strong evidence that a particular node or branch exists in the phylogenetic tree.

Bootstrap analysis is an important tool for understanding the reliability of phylogenetic trees and the evolutionary relationships among organisms.

Learn more about Bootstrap analysis here:

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Answer:

bar chart

Step-by-step explanation:

you are right box plot, histogram and a circle graph aren't the right ones

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