The percentage of their child having the disease will be 50%.
An autosomal dominant condition means that the disease will still occur in the individual if he is heterozygous for the trait. The punnet square between a heterozygous autosomal dominant parent and autosomal recessive parent will be made to check for the chances in their offspring to carry that condition:
a a
A Aa Aa
a aa aa
The alleles for the heterozygous autosomal dominant parent are Aa and those for the autosomal recessive parent of the condition are aa.
The results show that there are 50% chance that the children will be heterozygous autosomal dominant for the trait.
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craniosynostosis is a condition in which one or more of the fontanelles is replaced by abone prematurely. discuss the ramification of this early closure.
Fontanelles frequently close earlier than expected due to achondroplasia, a hereditary condition that affects bone and cartilage development. Hypothyroidism: A thyroid gland disorder that interferes with hormone production. the Down syndrome.
Why is fontanellues early closure?A premature closure of this suture results in the baby's head becoming long and narrow (scaphocephaly). The most typical kind of craniosynostosis is this one. Right and left coronal sutures travel from each ear to the sagittal suture at the top of the skull in a condition known as coronal synostosis.
Fontanelles frequently close earlier than expected due to achondroplasia, a hereditary condition that affects bone and cartilage development. Hypothyroidism: A thyroid gland disorder that interferes with hormone production. the Down syndrome.
By 1 or 2 months of age, the posterior fontanelle normally closes. It might have been closed before birth. Usually, the anterior fontanelle shuts between the ages of 9 and 18 months. The development and expansion of the infant's brain depend on the sutures and fontanelles.
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An insertion sequence contains a large deletion in its transposase gene. Under what circumstances would this insertion sequence be able to transpose?.
There is another transposable element of the same type present in the cell and it expresses a functional transposable enzyme.
A transposase is any of a class of enzymes able to bind to the top of a transposon and catalyze its movement to any other part of a genome.
A transposase is any of a class of enzymes able to bind to the cease of a transposon and catalyze its motion to any other part of a genome, commonly through a cut-and-paste mechanism or a replicative mechanism, in a manner known as transposition.
Transposases are enzymes that become aware of the inverse terminal repeat sequences within the DNA and continue to bind and excise the DNA transposons among the terminals.
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using the key choices, characterize the following statements relating to long bones. enter the appropriate term(s) or letter(s) in the answer blanks. key choices: diaphysis c. epiphysis e. yellow marrow cavity epiphyseal plate d. red marrow
Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Red marrow, Diaphysis, Yellow membrane cavity, epiphyseal plate are the characteristics of the long bone.
Long bones are tough, dense bones that offer stability, movement, and strength. The femur, or thigh bone, is a long bone. A long bone has two ends and a shaft. Despite their small lengths, some of the fingers bones are categorized as long bones.
The characters of long bones are:
Epiphysis is the Site of spongy bone in adult.Diaphysis is the Site of compact bone in the adult.Red marrow is the Site of hematopoiesis in the adult bone.Diaphysis is the Scientific name for bone shaft.Yellow membrane cavity is the Site of fat storage in the adult.Epiphyseal plate is the site of longitudinal growth in a child.To know more about bones visit the link:
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blood vessels throughout the human body differ in terms of composition, contents, and size. however, vessels can be grouped into three classes: arteries (and arterioles, the smallest of the arteries), capillaries, and veins (and venules, the smallest of the veins). in which class of blood vessel does blood pressure refer to the pressure that blood exerts against them?
In arteries class of blood vessel does blood pressure refer to the pressure that blood exerts against them
Blood pressure is the force of your blood against the artery walls. Blood is transported from your heart to different regions of your body through arteries. Throughout the day, your blood pressure typically increases and decreases.
The main blood vessel supplying the muscles in your upper arm and elbow joint is called the brachial artery. It's frequently used to check blood pressure. Because the brachial artery is located close to the skin's surface, violent traumas like arm fractures might harm it.
Blood pressure is also influenced by arterial wall thickness and flexibility. The arteries experience pressure every time the heart contracts and relaxes. When blood is being pushed from the heart into the arteries, the pressure is at its highest.
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a mutant e. coli cell expresses z, y, and a genes at the same levels in the presence and absence of lactose. these levels correspond to those observed in wild-type e. coli cells in the presence of lactose. which region of the dna could contain the mutation?
The i gene region of the dna could contain the mutation. The i gene codes for the repressor of the lac operon.
The repressor of the lac operon is encoded by the I gene. The hydrolysis of the lactose disaccharide into its monomeric components, galactose and glucose, is predominantly carried out by the enzyme -galactosidase, which is encoded by the Z gene.
Most repressor binding site mutation result in decreased repressor affinity and thus reduced binding. Thus, these changes enable constitutive expression, which allows the lac operon to continue to be transcribed (and subsequently expressed) even in the absence of an inducer.
Therefore, the i gene region of the dna could contain the mutation. The i gene codes for the repressor of the lac operon.
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Iin the wavelength and photosynthesis experiment, what is the purpose of the beaker left in the dark?.
The dark beaker is a control because it contains all of the experiment components, but photosynthesis should not occur in the absence of light.
One of the beakers should be covered to prevent light from reaching the leaf discs. Place the second beaker approximately 15 centimeters from a light source. As soon as the light is turned on, start timing the experiment.
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Question 6 of 10
Which two statements describe examples of inferences used to draw
scientific conclusions?
A. A cheetah has a speed of 33 m per second over short distances
because the cheetah sprinted 330 m in 10 seconds.
B. T. rex must have been a carnivore because fossilized remains
show teeth well-suited to biting and crushing bones.
C. The population of black bears in a 100 km² area has increased
from 14 to 18 in the past year.
D. It will rain this afternoon because the satellite images show
increased cloud cover moving in this direction.
B , C statement of inferences used to draw scientific conclusions
What constitutes a valid scientific inference?For instance, when researchers identify the contents of a fossilized dinosaur dropping, they can extrapolate what the dinosaur consumed when it was still alive. They are drawing conclusions about the dinosaur's behavior based on evidence, not by seeing it feed.
Quizlet on "scientific inference"a claim that outlines what scientists anticipate happening consistently under a specific set of circumstances.
Which step in the scientific process involves drawing conclusions?Normally, after making an observation, you draw a logical conclusion about what you believe is happening or the link between two things. In the end, you'll develop a formalized hypothesis to test using the inference(s) you've drawn.
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why are mhc molecules able to bind a variety of peptides? 1. the peptide-binding groove of a specific mhc molecule can bind several peptides simultaneously 2. the mhc genes undergo somatic recombination to produce thousands of mhc molecule variants 3. mhc bind very loosely and transiently to peptide antigens, so a wide variety of peptide antigens can bind any specific mhc molecule 4. a small number of amino acids in the peptide antigen bind specifically to complementary pockets in the mhc molecule binding groove
cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder in humans where the person has two homozygous recessive alleles for the gene. if the disease is left untreated, it causes severe health problems in the individual. assuming hardy-weinberg equilibrium, if 198 in 10,000 newborn babies have the disease, 0.0198 would be homozygous recessive. given these numbers, the expected frequency of heterozygote carriers in the population would be
The expected frequency of heterozygote carriers in the population would be individuals, frequency of dominant allele is 0.97.
The existence of two unique alleles at a specific gene locus. One normal allele, one mutant allele, or two separate mutant alleles may be present in a heterozygote genotype (compound heterozygote).
It has two distinct copies of the alleles that code for a certain characteristic. It contains a trait's several alleles. both the recessive and the dominant and also it contains a trait's several alleles. both recessive and dominant.
Gametes are created in two categories. Complete, codominant, or imperfect dominance are possible for heterozygous alleles.
One contentious theory for why genetic variety exists in natural populations is heterozygous advantage. Humans who are homozygous for sickle-shaped cells (as shown in the image opposite) experience a condition known as sickle cell anemia, which is a classic example of heterozygous.
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Which is the change in size of a group of organisms of the same species over time?
-population growth
-death rate
-birth rate
-immigration and emigration
The change in size of a group of organisms of the same species over time is called population growth (option A).
What is population growth?Population growth is the change in size of a group of organisms of the same species over a particular time.
The population growth rate also called the rate of increase or per capita growth rate equals the birth rate minus the death rate divided by the initial population size.
The population growth rate can be symbolized as follows: ∆P i.e. change in population size.
A population can be affected by the following;
Death rateBirth rateImmigrationEmigrationTherefore, population growth is the change in population size of the species of that population.
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Answer:
The change in size of a group of organisms of the same species over time is called population growth
Explanation:
Which one of the following organisms eats an omnivore in this food web?
- shiner
-backswimmer
-water cricket
-water flea
why must the viruses enter host cells
A. they are pathogens and seek to infect others
B. They are to small to survive on their own
C.They cannot reproduce on their own
D. They cannot catch food on their own
Answer: C. They cannot reproduce on their own
Explanation:
Viruses enter the cell via endocytosis because they lack the machinery required to reproduce.
They transfer the genetic material to the host cell which causes the cell to create the virus.
What is the primary difference between alcohol fermentation in yeast and lactic acid fermentation in muscle cells?.
The primary difference between alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation is that alcohol fermentation yields carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol, whereas lactic acid yields molecules of lactic acid from pyruvate.
A metabolic process in which glucose is transformed into the metabolite lactic acid fermentation lactate and energy in cells bacteria like Lactobacillus and yeast typically perform lactic acid fermentation.
It takes place in two main stages: fermentation and glycolysis. The cytosol is the site of both lactic acid fermentation and glycolysis. The metabolic process by which glucose is transformed into ethanol and carbon dioxide is referred to as alcoholic fermentation.
Yeast and a few other bacteria do most of the work. In the absence of oxygen, alcoholic fermentation also takes place in the cytosol.
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Describe how the light-dependent and light-independent reactions work together in photosynthesis
According to the research, in photosynthesis, through the light-dependent reactions energy is contained in the NADPH and ATP molecules that is used by light-independent reactions.
What is photosynthesis?It is the process that converts solar energy into chemical energy which, stored in cells, allows the formation of carbohydrates and other organic molecules.
In this sense, the light-dependent reactions occur in the thylakoids whose chemical energy is comprised of molecules of two types NADPH and ATP.
On the other hand, light-independent reactions occur in the chloroplast matrix with the intervention of enzymes that intervene in the reduction of CO2 molecules to establish carbohydrates through the energy sources ATP and NADPH.
Therefore, we can conclude that the light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis manufacture ATP and the reducing source NADPH necessary for light-independent reactions.
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knuckle-walking group of answer choices compensates for weak arms in apes. is only found in primates with longer arms than legs. is found in lemurs with large scent glands on their hands. requires the use of a prehensile tail.
Knuckle-walking is only found in primates with longer arms than legs.
In knuckle-walking, the forelimbs keep the fingers in a partly extended position so that the body weight may push down via the knuckles on the ground. This kind of walking is used by chimpanzees, gorillas, anteaters, and even platypuses. This happens in primates with longer arms than legs.
Knuckle walking is beneficial for activities other than ground movement. The gorilla uses its fingers to manipulate food, and chimpanzees use their fingers to manipulate food and climb.
Anteaters and pangolins have strong claws on their fingers that are used to pry apart social insect mounds. Knuckle walking is utilized to avoid tripping since the platypus's fingers contain webbing that extends past the fingertips to help with swimming.
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Trans fats are made by a process of adding hydrogen atoms to an unsaturated fatty acid, making them more saturated. What is this process called?.
The process of hydrogenation, which increases an unsaturated fatty acid's saturation by adding hydrogen atoms, produces trans fats.
What is an unsaturated fatty acid example?Alpha-linolenic acid, myristoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, sapienic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, vaccenic acid, linoleic acid, linoelaidic acid, erucic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid are a few examples of unsaturated fats.
What components make up an unsaturated fatty acid?Unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), which are divided into monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, are long-chain hydrocarbons with at least one double covalent bond and an end in a carboxyl group (-COOH). Both of these types of UFAs provide significant health benefits for people.
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the components of a cell and the arrangement of these individual parts within the cell form the cellular________
Answer: A cell consists of three parts: the cell membrane, the nucleus, and, between the two, the cytoplasm. Within the cytoplasm lie intricate arrangements of fine fibers and hundreds or even thousands of miniscule but distinct structures called organelles.
nitrogenase choose one: a. requires oxygen as an electron acceptor. b. works well in any environment. c. is a relatively small enzyme. d. requires many atp and electrons to reduce n2 to 2nh4 .
The correct answer is option D.
Nitrogenase requires many ATP molecules and electrons to reduce N2 to 2NH4.
In general, nitrogenase is a nitrogen fixing enzyme produced by particular bacteria such as rhizobacteria and cyanobacteria
Biologically, this enzyme plays a key role in nitrogen fixation process. During this process it converts nitrogen to ammonia.
Living organisms reduce di-nitrogen to ammonia i.e. N2 to 2NH4 by using ATP molecule.
To put it simply, nitrogenase enzyme is the key component of nitrogen cycle that fixes the atmospheric nitrogen and transforms this nitrogen into ammonia which is later used by plants.
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both parents are heterozygous for tay-sachs disease (an autosomal recessive disorder). three children in a row were born with tay-sachs disease. what is the chance that a fourth child will have tay-sachs disease? group of answer choices 25% 0% 50% 75% 100%
The correct answer is 25%. We shall use "T" to denote the dominant normal (non-TS) allele and "t" to denote the recessive (TS) allele.
The genotype "Tt" indicates that both parents are heterozygous, which means they each have one dominant allele and one recessive allele, making them both carriers for the condition. According to reports, three of their kids have Tay-Sachs. Only 25% of the time will a kid from a cross between these parents be homozygous recessive "tt". Every pregnancy will continue to have the same chance of success. There is still a 25% possibility that another child will also have Tay-Sachs if the parents have 10 Tay-Sachs-affected children.
A rare genetic disease called Tay-Sachs is passed from father to son. It is caused by a lack of an enzyme that helps break down fatty compounds. These fatty compounds, known as gangliosides, build up in the brain and mix to dangerous levels, affecting nerve cell function. In the first three to six months of life, Tay-Sachs babies often develop as expected. They eventually lose the ability to see, hear and move between a few months and a few years. Most people start having seizures by age 2. Unfortunately, children with this disease usually do not survive 5 years.
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The stages of the cell cycle that include growth, dna doubling, and when the nucleus is not actively dividing, are collectively called?.
The stages of the cell cycle that include growth, dna doubling, and when the nucleus is not actively dividing, are collectively called interphase.
The G1, S, and G2 phases are all considered to be interphase, which is the part of the cell cycle that is not accompanied by changes that can be seen under a microscope. The cell expands (G1), copies its DNA (S), and gets ready for mitosis during interphase (G2). A cell going through interphase is not just dormant.
Since a cell in interphase is actively synthesising proteins, transcribing DNA into RNA, absorbing external material, processing signals, to name just a few tasks, the term quiescent (i.e. dormant) would be deceptive. Only in terms of cell division is the cell dormant (i.e. the cell is out of the cell cycle, G0).
A typical cell spends the majority of its time in interphase, which is the phase of the cell cycle. The metabolic or "everyday life" phase of the cell is known as the interphase, during which the cell develops, repeats its DNA in order to be ready for mitosis, and does other "typical" cell operations.
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when a decrease in blood pressure is detected by the central nervous system, the central nervous system triggers several changes that will return the blood pressure to its set point. this is an example of
When the central nervous system detects a drop in blood pressure, it initiates a series of changes that return the blood pressure to its normal level. This is an illustration of negative feedback.
What detects blood pressure changes and allows the nervous system to respond?
Baroreceptors (or venta trial stretch receptors) are pressure sensors in the heart's right atrium that detect changes in blood pressure and volume when it returns to the heart. Those same receptors transmit information to the central nervous system via the vagus nerve (10th cranial nerve).
Baroreceptors detect decreased arterial pressure and initiate a sympathetic response. Due to this, the heartbeat and cardiac contractility speed up, raising blood pressure in the process.
Therefore, the central nervous system triggers several changes that will return the blood pressure to its set point in negative feedback.
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8. Marine animals live in salt water, which is a hypertonic environment, there is more salt in the water than in the cells. To prevent losing too much water from their bodies, these animals intake large quantities of salt water and then secrete the excess salt. Why is the balance of water molecules inside and outside the cell is extremely important for the survival of all organisms, including humans?
Every aspect of existence depends on balance, or homeostasis, so maintaining this equilibrium is crucial. Although the amount of water required by each organism varies, they all require a certain quantity of water in order to keep their internal environments balanced.
Evaporative cooling is the most effective method of removing extra body heat, hence maintaining body water homeostasis is essential for avoiding hyperthermia. The kidneys control water intake and excretion to maintain water balance. The former is accomplished through thirst sensations that spur water intake, whilst the latter is controlled by vasopressin's antidiuretic effects.
Maintaining homeostasis is essential for an organism to function properly. So an organism can function in a close to absolute equilibrium all because of balancing.
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50 kg pitcher throws a baseball with a mass of 0.15 kg. If the ball is thrown with a positive velocity of 35 m/s and there is no net force on the system, what is the velocity of the pitcher?
−0.1 m/s
−0.2 m/s
−0.7 m/s
−1.4 m/s
The velocity of the pitcher is 0.105 m/s in a direction opposite to the velocity of the ball.
Velocity is defined as the direction of the movement of the body or the object in motion. Speed is generally a scalar quantity. Velocity (v) is a vector quantity that measures displacement over the change in time (Δt), represented by the equation v = Δs/Δt.
Momentum can be known as the power when a body is moving, meaning how much force it can have on another body. Momentum is all about the motion of an object. If an object moves with a double velocity, its momentum doubles.
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ANSWET IF YOU TRULLY KNOW THIS
When the temperature rises, atoms and molecules move faster and collide, creating thermal energy (also known as heat energy). Thermal energy is the energy that results from the heated substance's temperature.
What is thermal energy?The atoms and molecules that make up matter are always in motion. The increase in temperature caused by heating a substance causes these particles to accelerate and collide.
The energy that arises from a heated substance is referred to as thermal energy. The more the substance's thermal energy and the more its particles travel at higher temperatures.
When the temperature rises, atoms and molecules move faster and collide, creating thermal energy (also known as heat energy). Thermal energy is the energy that results from the heated substance's temperature.
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On your whiteboard, and without the help of your textbook or the internet, sketch what a cell looks like. Draw whatever you can remember about a cell and label it.
To draw a cell we have to consider that they are formed by different organelles and structures. Between plant and animals cells those structures share similitudes and differences in terms of whether they are present or not. One of the main differences between these two kinds of cells is the cell wall present in plant cells, and the absence in animal cells, which gives a rigid aspect to the former ones, with respect to the latter.
We can notice that there are evident differences, like the presence of centrioles in animal cells, and the presence of chloroplast in plant cells. In plants, we can also find large vacuoles than in animal cells.
Name and explain four types of changes in chromosome structure.
Solution:
The four types of chromosomal structural abnormalities can be grouped into the following two groups:
Balanced structural anomalies:
1. Translocations: simple or complex movement of chromosome fragments or whole chromosomes. Chromosome breaks and a part of it is attached to a different chromosome.
2. Inversion: where the chromosomal region is flipped so that it points in the opposite direction. That is, part of a chromosome breaks off at two points and the segment in between turns upside down and then rejoins the same chromosome.
Unbalanced structural anomalies:
3. Duplication: where part of a chromosome is copied. This means that a part of the chromosome is duplicated or has two copies. The result is additional chromosomal material.
4. Deletion: where part of a chromosome is removed. That is, there is DNA loss.
the lining of lymphatic vessels is composed of which of the following cell type? a. simple squamous epithelium b. stratified cuboidal epithelium c. stratified squamous epithelium d. simple cuboidal epithelium
The lining of lymphatic vessels is composed of simple squamous epithelium.
This type of epithelia fills the interior of all blood vessels (endothelium), creates the lining of bodily cavities, and forms the wall of alveolar sacs in the lung (mesothelium). Simple squamous epithelia's main job is to make it easier for gases and tiny molecules to diffuse.
What types of epithelia are there?
The number of layers in epithelial tissues as well as the character and function of the cells serve as broad classification criteria. Squamous, cuboidal, and columnar cells make up the three fundamental cell types. When viewed from above, squamous cells give the appearance of thin, flat plates that can appear polygonal.
Therefore, the lining of lymphatic vessels is composed of simple squamous epithelium.
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Which of the following characteristics is the most desirable for constraining the relative age of rocks?
answer: organisms with overlapping ranges and geologically short lifespans
The most desirable characteristic for constraining the relative age of rocks: organisms which exhibit overlapping ranges as well as have short lifespans in geological terms.
Relative age is a term used to describe the age of a particular rock formation compared to other rock formations.
The question is incomplete. The complete question is:-
Which of the following properties is most desirable to constrain the relative ages of rocks?
Hints:-
Organisms displaying overlapping ranges as well as short geological lifespans,
Organisms which do not display overlap in range,
Organisms that display overlap in range as well as have long geological lifespan,
Organisms which have soft bodies and are microscopic in nature,
Organisms that display long periods of geologic time.
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dna does all but which of the following? group of answer choices is read by ribosomes during the process of translation provides the instructions for the synthesis of messenger rna remains mostly constant despite changes in environmental conditions serves as the genetic material passed from parent to offspring
The process of producing proteins by ribosomes in the cytoplasm or endoplasmic reticulum is known as DNA translation.Messenger RNA (mRNA) is produced by transcription using the genetic information contained in DNA as a starting point.During translation, single stranded mRNA then serves as a template.
Is DNA used by ribosomes for translation?
Using the genetic code, ribosomes translate the messenger RNA (mRNA) nucleotide sequence into a protein sequence.This process of translation from the nucleotide language of RNA and DNA into the amino acid language of proteins is mediated by transfer RNAs (tRNAs). The process of translation converts the information carried by messenger RNA from DNA into a string of amino acids joined by peptide bonds.Translation from one code (nucleotide sequence) to another code is essentially what it is. DNA is a lengthy polymer with a phosphate backbone and deoxyriboses.containing the nitrogenous bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine in varying proportions.RNA has a ribose and phosphate backbone and is a polymer.The nitrogenous bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil are all different. DNA is not directly involved in the process of translation.The amino acid chain is created by first translating DNA into mRNA, which is subsequently translated into protein.Only the processes of replication and transcription involve the use of DNA.It plays no direct part in translation. mRNAs are either translated, retained for future translation, or destroyed after they have reached the cytoplasm.Initial translation of mRNAs may be followed by a brief translational repression.At some point, all mRNAs are destroyed at a specific pace. The broad family of RNA molecules that transmit genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where it specifies the amino acid sequence of the protein products of gene expression, is known as the ribosomal RNA family.
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Which of the following describes why cells need both ATP and ADP molecules?
Answer:
Think of it as the “energy currency” of the cell. If a cell needs to spend energy to accomplish a task, the ATP molecule splits off one of its three phosphates, becoming ADP (Adenosine di-phosphate) + phosphate. The energy holding that phosphate molecule is now released and available to do work for the cell.
Explanation:
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