Visual pigments in vertebrates emerged approximately 500 million years ago, prior to the crucial evolutionary step of jaw development.
Through gene duplication, four spectrally distinct classes of cone opsin evolved, followed by the rod opsin class, which arose from the duplication of the middle-wave-sensitive cone opsin. Many modern teleost fish, reptiles, and birds have all four cone types, while one or more classes have been lost in primitive fish, amphibians, and mammals. Because of gene duplication within the cone classes, particularly in teleosts, numerous opsins are available during development, both temporally and geographically.
Humans have four distinct vision pigments, with maximum wavelengths of 414, 497, 530, and 560 nm. Lights in the 400-700 nm range are thus considered.
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Invertebrates first developed visual pigments around 500 million years ago, before the creation of the jaw, which was a key evolutionary step for vertebrates.
Four spectrally diverse classes of cone opsins developed by gene duplication, which was followed by the emergence of the rod opsin class from the duplication of the middle-wave-sensitive cone opsin. In contrast to archaic fish, amphibians, and mammals, many modern teleost fish, reptiles, and birds have all four cone kinds.
Numerous opsins are accessible during development, both temporally and spatially, as a result of gene duplication within the cone classes, especially in teleosts. Maximum wavelengths of the four different vision pigments in humans are 414, 497, 530, and 560 nm. Thus, lights between 400 and 700 nm are taken into account.
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What was Dr. Kettlewell's conclusion on his experiment with bird predation on the moths?
Answer: Dr. Kettlewell concluded that the observed shift in moth coloration was the result of natural selection, with the darker moths being better adapted to survive in heavily polluted environments.
Explanation: Dr. Kettlewell's experiments on bird predation of the moths were conducted in the 1950s and 1960s and focused on the peppered moth, a species that occurs in both light and dark forms. The study found that birds were more likely to prey on the lighter, more visible moths when they rested on trees covered in soot and industrial pollution, while the darker moths were better able to camouflage and avoid predation. Dr. Kettlewell concluded that the observed shift in moth coloration was the result of natural selection, with the darker moths being better adapted to survive in heavily polluted environments.
Answer: wrong colored moths were eaten at twice the rate of the camouflaged moths.
Explanation: Kettlewell's overall position was that natural selection by bird predation on the white colored moths caused the change in moth ratios from 98% white to 98% dark. Kettlewell basedthis on his experiments and his conclusion that the wrong colored moths were eaten at twice the rate of the camouflaged moths
A dominant allele, A, causes yellow color in rats. The dominant allele of another independent gene, R, produces black coat color. When the two dominants occur together (A/_ R/_), they interact to produce gray. Rats of the genotype a/a r/r are cream-colored. If a gray male and a yellow female, when mated, produce offspring approximately 3/8 of which are yellow, 3/8 gray, 1/8 cream, and 1/8 black, what are the genotypes of the two parents?
The genotypes of the two parents of a gray male and a yellow female, when mated, produce offspring approximately 3/8 of which are yellow, 3/8 gray, 1/8 cream, and 1/8 black are male = AaRr; female = Aarr.
Let the dominаnt аllele for blаck coаt color be "R" аnd its recessive аllele be "r". Likewise let the dominаnt аllele for yellow color in rаts be "А" аnd its recessive аllele be "а". It is given thаt double recessive genotype аre creаm-colored i.e ааrr would be creаm colored.
Gаmetes of mаle: АаRr - АR, аR, Аr, аr
Gаmetes of femаle: Ааrr - Аr, Аr, аr, аr
АR аR Аr аr
Аr ААRr АаRr ААrr Ааrr
Аr ААRr АаRr ААrr Ааrr
аr АаRr ааRr Ааrr ааrr
аr АаRr ааRr Ааrr ааrr
Yellow offspring – Ааrr (4), ААrr (2), totаl 6 out of 16, hence probаbility is 3/8
Grey offspring – ААRr (2), АаRr (4) totаl 6 out of 16, hence probаbility is 3/8
Creаm offspring – ааrr (2), totаl 2 out of 16, hence probаbility is 1/8
Blаck offspring – ааRr (2), totаl 2 out of 16, hence probаbility is 1/8
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Photosynthesis is the process in which _____ from the sun is converted into chemical energy in a molecule of _____.
light energy; molecule of glucose (chemical energy & glucose is a sugar)
damaged cells and worn out, old cells are by new cells. damaged tissues are by the production of new cells. multiple choice question. repaired; replaced replaced; repaired
Answer: Replaced and Repaired
Explanation: Damaged cells and worn out, old cells are REPLACED by new cells. Damaged tissues are REPAIRED by the production of new cells.
Which of the following is NOT a premise of cell theory?
I. All cells arise from other cells.
II. All living cells require water for survival
III. Al living things are only composed of cells.
Answer choise:
A. I only
C. I and II
B. II only
D. II and III
II and III
II. All living cells require water for survival
III. Al living things are only composed of cells.
The scientific idea that cells are the fundamental structural and organizational unit of all living things and that all cells originate from previously existing cells is known as cell theory. It was first put forth in the middle of the nineteenth century. The fundamental building block of every organism's structure and reproductive process are cells.
The three tenets of the cell theory are:
All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization in organisms.Cells arise from pre-existing cells.The theory was once universally accepted, but now some biologists consider non-cellular entities such as viruses living organisms and thus disagree with the first tenet.
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leber congenital amaurosis (lca) is a type of autosomal recessive hereditary blindness that causes individuals with this disease to lose their vision during childhood. the pedigree below shows the inheritance of lca throughout three generations of a family.
Leber congenital amaurosis (lca) is a type of autosomal recessive hereditary blindness that causes individuals with this disease to lose their vision during childhood. the pedigree below shows the inheritance of lca throughout three generations of a family. True. LCA is an autosomal recessive genetic condition that is passed on to children by parents who have an abnormal copy of the gene.
Inheritance of traits is a decrease in traits that are passed on from parents or parents to their offspring. Some of the characteristics that are passed from parent to child are hair shape, eye color, blood type, and even congenital diseases.
LCA or Leber Congenital Amaurosis is a congenital eye disorder that is present from birth. Babies from birth will lose their eyesight due to an autosomal recessive genetic condition. Babies with LCA inherit two copies of the abnormal LCA gene from both parents. A grandmother who has the normal gene marries a grandfather who has half the abnormal LCA gene So that the child will have half the abnormal or carrier genes, if the child marries someone who has half the abnormal or carrier genes, then it is certain that the third generation will have 100 percent of the abnormal LCA gene so that he will experience blindness from infancy.
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match the term with the description of what creationists believe about the term. group of answer choices fossil record [ choose ] embryology [ choose ] vestigial organs [ choose ] homologies [ choose ]
Fossil records match the term with the description of what creationists believe about the term. It is based on the law of superposition which states that an undisturbed rock sequences the bottom layers that are older than the top layers.
The fossil record helps to the geologists archaeologists and paleontologists which placed important species and events in the appropriate geologic era. Fossils referred to the preserved remains of plants, animals and other organisms from the past.
In the process of evolution fossils records provide the evidence that the present animal have originated from previously existing ones through the process of continuous evolution. The fossil record mostly required some gaps because it has the conditions to create fossils that have been rare ever since life began on Earth.
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which of the following statements accurately describes homeostasis? multiple choice the body has the ability to detect change, activate mechanisms that oppose it, and maintain relatively stable internal conditions. the loss of homeostatic control can cause illness but cannot cause death. internal conditions are absolutely constant and must not fluctuate within a range. the internal state of the body is best described as a static equilibrium, in which there is a certain set point that must be strictly maintained at all times. all of these choices are correct.
The body has the ability to detect change, activate mechanisms that oppose it, and maintain relatively stable internal conditions.
Internal conditions, like body temperatures, fluctuate within a specific range but are not completely constant.
Homeostasis is the propensity to maintain a steady, regular internal environment. In addition to temperature, the body regulates homeostasis for a variety of other variables. For instance, it's important to maintain the pH and glucose levels in your blood as well as the different ion concentrations there. You risk becoming seriously ill if these numbers fluctuate too much or too little.
Not simply at the level of the entire body as it is for temperature, but also at multiple levels, homeostasis is maintained. For instance, each individual cell maintains ion concentrations that are distinct from those of the surrounding fluid, and the stomach maintains a pH that differs from that of the surrounding organs. The body's general function depends on sustaining homeostasis at every level.
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Which of the following biosynthetic precursors is NOT correctly matched to the lipid pathway it is used for?
A. fatty-acyl coA + glycerol 3-phosphate for phosphatidylcholine
B. palmitoyl-coA + serine for sphingomyelin
C. HMG-CoA for cholesterol
D. pick this if all of the above are correctly matched
All the above options are correctly matched and hence the option D) pick this if all of the above are correctly matched for each other
a)fatty-acyl coA + glycerol 3-phosphate for phosphatidylcholine, b)palmitoyl-coA + serine for sphingomyelin. c) HMG-CoA for cholesterol they all are correctly matched.
a) Phospholipids are a class of lipids that consist of two fatty acyl molecules, The condensation of fatty acyl coA and glycerol 3 phosphate is the first step in this process to make phosphatidic acid.
b) The biosynthesis of Sphingolipid invovles the 1 step of condensation of l-serine with palmitoyl-CoA to produce 3-ketodihydrosphingosine,
c) in the cholesterol synthesis, the enzyme HMG CoA reductase (HMGCR) act, the statins are inhibitors for this enzyme.
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Changes in white blood cell count are a classic example of molecular damage caused by significant exposure to ionizing radiation. True or False
The statement "Changes in white blood cell count are a classic example of molecular damage caused by significant exposure to ionizing radiation is false because a classic example of molecular damage caused by significant exposure to ionizing radiation is skin burns and acute radiation syndrome.
Ionizing rаdiаtion is used in а wide vаriety of fields such аs medicine, nucleаr power, reseаrch, аnd industriаl mаnufаcturing, but presents а heаlth hаzаrd if proper meаsures аgаinst excessive exposure аre not tаken. Rаdiаtion dose depends on the durаtion of exposure, the аmount of rаdiаtion generаted from the rаdiаtion source, the distаnce from the rаdiаtion source, аnd the аmount аnd type of shielding in plаce.
Exposure to ionizing rаdiаtion cаuses cell dаmаge to living tissue аnd orgаn dаmаge. In high аcute doses, it will result in rаdiаtion burns аnd rаdiаtion sickness, аnd lower level doses over а protrаcted time cаn cаuse cаncer.
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true/false. the peptidoglycan cell wall and the one or two membranes present also impart a three-dimensional shape to the bacterial cell. the overall shape and arrangement of bacteria are genetically determined, so that each genus of bacteria has a characteristic shape (round, rod, spiral, etc.) and arrangements of the growing cell population (individual cells, chains of cells, or clustered cells).
Bin 1 - A single spherical bacteria image.
Bin 2 - A solitary rodishaped bacteria image.
Bin 3 depicts a cluster of spherical microorganisms.
Bin 4 depicts a thread of rodishaped microorganisms.
Bin 5: Illustration of a vibrio (commaishaped) bacterium.
Bin 6 - Illustration of a spirochete bacterium with a corkscrew form.
1. cocci 2. Bacilli. 3.Staphylococci. 4.streptobacilli 5. vibrio. 6.Spirochete
Peptidoglycan is a component of the bacterial cell membrane that protects the cell from bursting owing to turgor and keeps the cell shape. Peptidoglycan, which is made up of glycan chains joined by short peptides, creates a net-like macromolecule that wraps around the cytoplasmic membrane.
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The peptidoglycan cell wall and the one or two membranes present also present a three-dimensional shape to the bacterial cell. The overall shape and arrangement of bacteria are genetically determined so that each rubric of bacteria has a characteristic shape( round, rod, helical, etc.)
Peptidoglycan( murein) is an essential and specific element of the bacterial cell wall set up outside the cytoplasmic membrane of nearly all bacteria( Rogers et al., 1980; Park, 1996; Nanninga, 1998; Mengin- Lecreulx & Lemaitre, 2005). Peptidoglycan provides severity to the cell wall; the cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria may contain up to 40 layers of peptidoglycan, conferring significant mechanical strength.
Peptidoglycan is a rigid envelope girding the cytoplasmic membrane of the utmost bacterial species. It helps cover bacterial cells from environmental stress and helps save cell morphology throughout their life cycle. Peptidoglycan biosynthesis is also an important controller of bacterial cell division.
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Which of the following steps has not yet been accomplished by scientists studying the origin of life?
a, abiotic synthesis of small RNA polymersb. abiotic synthesis of polypeptidesc. formulaton of molecular aggregates with selectively permeable membranesd. formulationof protobions that use DNA to direct polymerisation of amino,acids
Scientists researching the genesis of life have not yet succeeded in creating protobions that use DNA to drive the polymerization of amino acids. So, last option is correct.
Both genetic data and the catalyst for chemical processes in early cells are stored in RNA.
In contemporary cells, which can be seen as molecular remains of a previous world, RNA still catalyzes a number of essential reactions.
The genetic material in humans and almost all other animals is called DNA, also referred to as deoxyribonucleic acid.
The cell has two different forms of DNA: mitochondrial DNA and autosomal DNA.
DNA didn't become the dominant genetic component until much later in the evolutionary process, and proteins took over as the primary catalyst and structural element of cells.
The instructions required for daily life are found in DNA. Our DNA contains instructions on how to build the proteins necessary for our growth, development, and general health.
Formation of molecular collections with some characteristics of life, such as metabolism and energy storage, and the ability to sustain an internal environment distinct from their environment.
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a sequence of amino acids called a choose... is produced during the process of choose... . during this process, the choose... of a trna molecule binds to a codon of mrna.
Answer: polypeptide, translation, and anticodon
Explanation:
label at least 8 of the 9 identified parts of this typical multipolar neuron. (1/2 point each, 4 points total)
A multipolar neuron is a type of nerve cell found in the central nervous system. It typically has multiple dendrites and one axon, which allow it to receive and transmit signals to other neurons.
Multipolar neurons are found in the brain and spinal cord and are involved in a variety of functions such as multipolar neuron movement, sensation, and cognition. They are considered the most common type of neuron and can be further divided into subtypes based on their location and function. Some examples of multipolar neuron subtypes include pyramidal neurons, which are involved in motor control, and Purkinje cells, which are found in the cerebellum and involved neurons in coordination and balance.
The Below image shows the labelled identified parts of this typical multipolar neuron.
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compared to the cones of a human eye, rods are group of answer choices less sensitive to light intensity found mainly on the periphery of the retina concentrated in the center of the retina capable of detecting color less numerous than cones
In comparison of the cones and rods of a human eye, rods are B: mainly found on the periphery of the retina.
The human retina has two kinds of photoreceptors to gather light namely cones and rods. Rods are specialized cells in the retina of the eye that are responsible for vision at low light levels, also called scotopic vision. They are more sensitive to light than the other type of cell in the retina, called cones, which are responsible for color vision and visual acuity at higher light levels, also called photopic vision.
So in comparison to both rods and cons in human eye, rods are mainly found on the periphery of the retina.
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please help anyoneeeee
Answer:
263,5
Explanation:
First beam 60 g, second 200 g and third 3,5 g. It is 263,5 g together.
in a certain species of fly, smooth wings (s) are dominant to wrinkled wings (s), and red (r) bodies are dominant to yellow bodies (r). a cross between a fly with the genotype ssrr and fly with the genotype ssrr results in the following offspring ratios:
The recombination frequencies for be part order of gene is close to Be that is only 10 and then there is D.
Is 30%, and the distance between A. N.
CS is 25%. And the other.
In genetics, dominance is the phenomenon of one variant of a gene on a chromosome masking or overcoming the influence of another variant of the same gene on the other copy of the chromosome. The first variant is known as dominant, and the second as recessive.
A homozygous dominant genotype is an organism that has two dominant alleles for a characteristic.
Using the example of eye color, this genotype is written BB. A heterozygous genotype is defined as an organism with one dominant allele and one recessive allele. This genotype is written Bb in our example.
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The recombination frequencies for be part order of gene is close to Be, only 10, and then there is D. It is 30%, and the distance between A. N. CS is 25%. And the other dominant alleles
In genetics, dominant alleles is the phenomenon of one gene on a chromosome masking or overcoming the influence of another gene on the other copy of the chromosome. The first variant is known as dominant, and the second is recessive. A homozygous dominant genotype is an organism that has two dominant alleles for a characteristic.
Using the example of eye color, this genotype is written BB. A heterozygous genotype is an organism with one dominant allele and one recessive allele. This genotype is written Bb in our example.
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Microbes were first considered for bioremediation after Marjory Stephenson observed that they were digesting enormous quantities of waste from a sugar beet factory. The waste was accumulating in: A. The atmosphere. B. Area plants. C. Nearby soils. D. River water.
Microbes were first considered for bioremediation after Marjory Stephenson observed that they were digesting enormous quantities of waste from a sugar beet factory. The waste was accumulating in River water.
bioremediation can be defined as the any process wherein a biological system which could be bacteria, microalgae, fungi, and plants, living or dead.
There are many types of bioremediations like, Bio stimulation, Bioaugmentation, Natural attenuation, Bioventing, Bioslurping etc.
Goal of bioremediation process is to, cleanup environmental sites which is of importance and is contaminated with pollution by the help of living organisms which works on degrade hazardous materials into less harmful substances or simpler compounds.
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Poor vascular supply, desiccation, hemorrhage, and hyper-granulation are factors that can contribute to
O chronic proliferation
O chronic inflammation
O infection
O all of the above
Poor vascular supply, hemorrhage, desiccation, and hyper-granulation are factors that can contribute to B: chronic inflammation.
Chronic inflammation refers to a prolonged and persistent state of inflammation in the body. Inflammation is a natural response of the immune system to injury, infection, or other harmful stimuli, and is characterized by redness, warmth, swelling, and pain. However, when the inflammatory response persists for prolonged periods of time, it can become chronic.
Some factors that can becomes a cause of chronic inflammation are poor vascular supply, hemorrhage, desiccation, and hyper-granulation.
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when an alarm sounds in the laboratory, it is important to respond hastily and remain choose... . listen for any other instructions, turn off any choose... in use, and be prepared to leave immediately.
when an alarm sounds in the laboratory, it is important to respond hastily and remain choose clamly, quietly equipment and listen for any other instructions, turn off any choose in use, and be prepared to leave immediately.
When the fire alarm sounds during a laboratory room we should you should pull the fire alarm in the hallway and call 911 from a phone. If the fire alarm sounds for any reason leave the room immediately and exit the building.
When we hear a fire alarm we should evacuate the building immediately during lab and follow the directions of the Fire Wardens for our building, close all doors and and do not touch or use any elevators.
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What are the 3 layers of the retina?
Answer: photoreceptor cell layer, ganglion cell layer and bipolar cell layer.
hich of the following attributes is common to both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells? view available hint(s)for part a which of the following attributes is common to both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells? a membrane-enclosed nucleus membrane-enclosed organelles generally about the same size the use of an external membrane to regulate the passage of materials from and to surroundings the use of proteins as information storage molecules
C) the use of an external membrane to regulate the passage of materials from and to surroundings is option that common to both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.
What differentiates prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?Eukaryotes commonly have multiple cells, whereas prokaryotes are exclusively unicellular. Eukaryotic cells are also between 100 to 10,000 times bigger and more sophisticated than prokaryotic cells. Prokaryotic DNA is stored in the cytoplasm, whereas DNA in eukaryotes is preserved in the nucleus.
What type of cell is eukaryotic?Animal and plant cells are eukaryotic, which means that they possess nuclei. Animals, fungi, plants, and protists all seem to have eukaryotic cells. DNA is typically stored in the nucleus, an organelle that is wrapped by a membrane known as the nuclear envelope.
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Which of the following attributes is common to both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells? view available hint(s)for part a which of the following attributes is common to both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?
A) a membrane-enclosed nucleus
B) membrane-enclosed organelles generally about the same size
C) the use of an external membrane to regulate the passage of materials from and to surroundings
D) the use of proteins as information storage molecules
Why do the Darwin's bark spide
offspring have different gene
combinations even though they
have the same parents?
Answer:
Variation in traits can be caused by variation in protein molecules within individuals' cells.
Explanation:
Protein molecules' structures affect their function, and the way they connect to other molecules
proteins-large complex molecules-are major building blocks of all living organisms. discuss the chemical composition and levels of structures of protiens
Proteins' chemical composition and structural levels. Proteins are chemical macromolecules made up of monomeric components known as amino acids. Proteins are organized structurally as follows: Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary education are available.
(b) DNA and RNA functions in protein synthesis
Ribosomal RNA, a kind of RNA found in ribosomes and important for protein synthesis, is produced from DNA. As a result, the significance of DNA in protein synthesis is critical: there are no proteins without DNA.
(c) Protein involvement in membrane structure and chemical transport across the membrane
Proteins can work by transporting ions in different ways.
(a) Proteins' chemical composition and structural levels.
Proteins are molecular macromolecules made by manomeric units called amino acids, which have a carboxyl group and an amino group connected to the same carbon in their structure. Proteins must be digested into the amino acids that make them up before they can be assimilated by the body.
Peptide bonds hold the amino acids together. The amino group of one amino acid reacts with the carboxyl group of the other in those linkages.
Proteins are organized structurally as follows:
Primary: The amino acid sequence in the chain with peptide bonds.
Secondary: The spatial organization of a protein's amino acids. They are held together by hydrogen bonds. There are two types: the propeller a and the folded blade b.
Tertiary: A three-dimensional arrangement of the polypeptide chain that is held together by van der Waals forces.
Quaternary: The formation of a protein complex by the union of weak links of arias polypeptic chains.
(b) DNA and RNA functions in protein synthesis
The most significant function of RNA is protein synthesis, in which it copies the genetic order contained in DNA and uses it as a standard in the manufacturing of proteins, enzymes, and other chemicals required by the cell and the organism. It gets to the ribosomes, which work as a kind of molecular protein factory, for this, and it does so in the pattern that the DNA prints on it.
(c) The roles of proteins in membrane structure and transport of molecules across the membrane
The cells contain proteins that are embedded in the lipid bilayer of their plasma membranes. These proteins can work by transporting ions in different ways.
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Full Question ;
Proteins, large complex molecules, are major building blocks of all living organisms. Discuss the following in relation to proteins.
(a) The chemical composition and levels of structure of proteins.
(b) The roles of DNA and RNA in protein synthesis
(c) The roles of proteins in membrane structure and transport of molecules across the membrane
What is a good intro with a thesis for rip van winkle
The entire essay may be summed up in that single sentence.Thesis Statement: "When Rip wakes up, the fashion, government, and architecture of the town have all changed."
What is Rip Van Winkle's introduction? The entire essay may be summed up in that single sentence.Thesis Statement: "When Rip wakes up, the fashion, government, and architecture of the town have all changed." Given that our prompt is to "Describe three things that changed in the village when Rip woke up," this might be our answer.Friendly farmer Rip Van Winkle discovers a group of dwarfs playing nine pin in the Catskill Mountains. After accepting their offer of a sip of alcohol, Rip soon nods off.He is an elderly man with a long white beard when he wakes up 20 years later; the dwarfs are nowhere to be seen.To learn more about Rip Van Winkle refer
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Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in our society. Cancer is a disease in which a
cell in the body loses its sensitivity to factors which regulate cell growth and division. The
cell begins to multiply without restriction, creating a growing mass called a tumor, which
interferes with the structure and functioning of the organ in which it is located.
Frequently, cancer cells become metastatic, meaning that they travel, settling in a number
of places and giving rise to secondary tumors. Much of medical research is devoted to
finding ways of preventing, controlling, and curing cancer.
Because of the metastatic trait of cancer cells, how can we judge a cancer treatment to be
effective?
A. if the highest possible levels of treatment have been used
B. if the complete tumor is removed
C. if the entire body has been proven free of tumors over a period of time
D. if the original-source tumor has been identified
E. if no new cancer cells are found in 2 weeks
(E) if no new cancer cells are found in 2 weeks then can we judge a cancer treatment to be effective.
what is a cancer cell?The uncontrolled division of cancer cells can result in solid tumors or an overabundance of aberrant cells in the blood or lymph. The body uses cell division, a natural process, for growth and repair.
Cancer is a condition when a few of the body's cells grow out of control and spread to other bodily regions.
How to treat cancer?Surgery: A procedure in which doctors remove tissue containing cancer cells. Chemotherapy: Use of specialized drugs to reduce or eradicate cancer cells. Utilizing high-energy, X-ray-like radiation to kill cancer cells is known as radiation therapy. With hormone therapy, cancer cells are prevented from obtaining the hormones necessary for growth.
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the stronger the intermolecular forces, the higher the surface tension. ethylene glycol and ethanol both exhibit hydrogen bonding, but since ethylene glycol contains more opportunities for hydrogen bonding than ethanol, its surface tension is higher. the surface tension of ethanol and acetone are roughly the same even though acetone does not exhibit hydrogen bonding. the acetone molecules are able to orient themselves in a ---select--- manner to create a tight surface to match the hydrogen bonding of ethanol. diethyl ether has a lower surface tension since it is ---select--- and is ---select--- polar than acetone.
the stronger the intermolecular forces, the higher the surface tension. ethylene glycol and ethanol both The of the intermolecular forces between liquid molecules determines the surface tension of a liquid.
Both ethylene glycol and ethanol show hydrogen bonding, but ethylene glycol has a greater surface tension because it offers more hydrogen bonding chances. Despite the fact that acetone does not exhibit hydrogen bonding, the surface tension of ethanol and acetone is about the same. Acetone molecules can position themselves similarly to ethanol molecules to form a tight surface with hydrogen bonding. Because it is less polar and has fewer intermolecular interactions than acetone, diethyl ether has a lower surface tension. As a result, the intensity of the intermolecular interactions between liquid molecules defines a liquid's surface tension.exhibit hydrogen bonding, but since ethylene glycol contains more opportunities for hydrogen bonding than ethanol, its surface tension is higher. the surface tension of ethanol and acetone are roughly the same even though acetone does not exhibit hydrogen bonding.
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Question 6 of 18
Which detail is true of Mary Shelley's life?
Answer:
I need more information to answer
You aim to chemically synthesize four peptides with the following one-letter amino acid sequences: TIGER, PANTHER, CHEETAH, and CAT. a) Which one of these peptides will have the lowest pl? Give a reason for your answer. You are not required to calculate the pls of the peptides to answer this question. A qualitative knowledge of the ionization properties of amino acids discussed in class is sufficient to answer this question. (2 pt) b) Based on what we learned in the lectures, draw the titration curve for the TIGER peptide in the pH range 0-14. Make sure to label the two axes, and the pki, pk, and pkr values on the curve. If there are multiple R groups that titrate, indicate the pkes as pKR, PKR etc. You are not required to write out the chemical structures of the various titration intermediates. (2 pt)
At a pH above 10.76, the Arg residue will be mostly in its deprotonated form and the net charge of the TIGER peptide will be positive.
What is the expected titration curve?a) The peptide with the lowest pI (isoelectric point) will be TIGER. The pI is the pH at which the peptide has an overall neutral charge. The TIGER peptide has an acidic residue (Glu, pI = 4.25) and a basic residue (Arg, pI = 10.76) which will balance out each other's charges. PANTHER, CHEETAH, and CAT all have more basic residues and therefore will have a higher pI.
b) The titration curve for the TIGER peptide would have the following characteristics:
X-axis: pH
Y-axis: net charge
pK1: Glu (4.25)
pK2: Arg (10.76)
As the pH continues to increase, the Arg residue will begin to deprotonate and the net charge will become increasingly positive. At a pH around 10.76, the Arg residue will be completely deprotonated and the net charge of the TIGER peptide will be positive.
At a pH above 10.76, the Arg residue will be mostly in its deprotonated form and the net charge of the TIGER peptide will be positive.
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which of the following is not studied as part of biological (or physical) anthropology? a. human evolution
b. human biology
c. genetics
d. extinct languages
The correct option is D ; Extinct languages , Physical anthropologists only study ancient hominins, not present humans.
The study of human biological variation and evolution is known as biological anthropology.
Human evolution and biological diversity (both past and present) are studied by physical anthropologists in the context of culture, history, and behavior. Nonhuman primates, such as chimps, are also studied by some physical anthropologists.
The beginnings of language and speech provide details about human evolution.) Biological Anthropologists do not study: -How knowledge of how to dress is passed down from generation to generation. (This is an example of something a cultural anthropologist might investigate.
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