can some one please answer these chemistry questions

Answer:

Problems of Using Ionic and Covalent Compounds in Medicine

Stomach pain.

Nausea.

Vomiting.

Heartburn.

Gas.

Constipation.

Diarrhea.

Answer: 3.6 ml

Hope this helps!

The percent ionization in the nitrous acid solution is 1.97% before, and 0.0999% after the addition of sodium nitrate, which lowered the ionization 19.7 times.

To calculate percent ionization, we need to use the expression for the acidity constant of nitrous acid:

[tex]Ka = \frac{[H^{+} ][NO_{2} ^{-} ]}{[HNO_{2} ]}[/tex]

Ka - acidity constant (for nitrous acid, 7.1 * 10⁻⁴)

[H⁺] - concentration of H⁺ ions

[NO₂⁻] - concentration of nitrite ions

[HNO₂] - concentration of unionized nitrous acid

[H⁺] = [NO₂⁻]

[HNO₂] = 1.80 M - X

[tex]7.1 * 10^{-4} = \frac{X^{2} }{1.80 - X}[/tex]

When we transform the equation above, we get a quadratic equation:

X² + 7.1 * 10⁻⁴X - 12.78 * 10⁻⁴ = 0

Once we solve for X, we get:

X = 0.0354 M

Because the concentration of H⁺ ions (X) is equal to the concentration of the ionized nitrous acid, the percent ionization will be:

%ion = 100% * X / 1.80 M

%ion = 100% * 0.0354 M / 1.80 M

%ion = 1.97%

The second calculation is actually easier because we can safely assume that, with added sodium nitrite, all nitrite ions come from the salt, and the amount coming from the acid is negligible. With that in mind, the expression for the acidity constant will look like this:

[tex]7.1 * 10^{-4} = \frac{X * 0.71 }{1.80 M - X}[/tex]

When rearranged, we get this equation:

0.71 * X = 12.78 * 10⁻⁴ M - 7.1 * 10⁻⁴X

0.71071 X = 12.78 * 10⁻⁴ M

X = 12.78 * 10⁻⁴ M / 0.71071

X = 0.001798 M

%ion = 100% * 0.001798 M / 1.80 M

%ion = 0.0999%

So the addition of sodium nitrite resulted in 1.97 / 0.0999 = 19.7 times lower ionization of the nitrous acid.

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The N=(tR/σ)2 the number of theoretical plates, the distillation the separation of a mixture of two liquids.

The effectiveness of a column is frequently determined using the number of theoretical plates. The range of plate numbers is 100 to 106. The quality of the separation improves with the number of theoretical plates present in a column because more equilibrations between the stationary and mobile phases are possible.

The effectiveness of a column's column is closely tied to theoretical plates in column chromatography. It can therefore help to increase resolution, which, when all other factors are held constant, is directly proportional to the square root of the number of theoretical plates.

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Answer: The mass percent of copper in copper chloride is 47.23 %.

The given statement exists as false. The temperature at which a liquid's vapor pressure equals the pressure of the gas above it exists comprehended as the boiling point of the liquid.

The temperature at which a liquid's vapor pressure equals the pressure around it and the liquid transforms into a vapor is known as the boiling point of a substance. A liquid's boiling point varies depending on the atmospheric pressure in the area.

The temperature at which a liquid's vapor pressure equals the pressure of the gas above it exists comprehended as the boiling point of the liquid. The temperature at which a liquid's vapor pressure equals one atmosphere is considered the liquid's typical boiling point (760 torr).

The element with the lowest temperature at which an element would smolder is helium, and the element with the highest temperature is tungsten. The melting point is measured in degrees Celsius (C).

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Answer: Yes

Explanation: More reactive metals in the reactivity series can displace copper from copper oxide just leaving copper on its own after the reaction. But usually, carbon is used to displace copper as its safe and more reactive.

The true statement is: It took the car the same amount of time to travel the first 10 meters as it did to travel the last 10 meters (Option C)

The following data were obtained from the question:

Now, we shall determine the time taken to travel the first 10 m. This is shown below:

Next, we shall determin the time taken to travel the last 10 m. This is shown below:

From the above illlustration, we can see clearly that it took the car the same time to travel the first 10 m and the last 10 m.

Thus, the true statement is option C: It took the car the same amount of time to travel the first 10 meters as it did to travel the last 10 meters

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Type of evidence can be pulled from both a computer and a portable device is images, text history, GPS coordinates

Computer is the machine that can store and process the information and it is an electronic device that manipulate information or data and type of  evidence can be pulled and collected from digital device is

The above all examples of information that can obtained from electric devices

Therefore, the digital evidence can be pulled from both a computer and a portable device is  images, text history, GPS coordinates

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Answer:

Globalization has many benefits, such as the increased flow of goods, services, capital, and people across borders. This has resulted in increased trade and investment, which has led to higher economic growth rates and improved standards of living around the world.

Explanation:

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As per the chemical reaction ,sodium hydroxide can be used for neutralization of sulfuric acid as,2 NaOH+H₂SO₄[tex]\rightarrow[/tex]Na₂SO₄ +2 H₂O.

Chemical reactions are defined as reactions which occur when a substance combines with another substance to form a new substance.Alternatively, when a substance breaks down or decomposes to give new substances it is also considered to be a chemical reaction.

There are several characteristics of chemical reactions like change in color, change in state , change in odor and change in composition . During chemical reaction there is also formation of precipitate an insoluble mass of substance or even evolution of gases.

There are three types of chemical reactions:

1) inorganic reactions

2)organic reactions

3) biochemical reactions

During chemical reactions atoms are rearranged and changes are accompanied by an energy change as new substances are formed.

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There is only one sodium ion for every chlorine ion due to its valency.

The number of electrons that an atom needs to lose or gain in order to achieve a stable electron configuration i.e the octet of an element is known as the valency of an element, which serves as a gauge of that element's potential for combining.

The valency of Sodium (Na) is 1 and that of chlorine (Cl) is also one. therefore they combine to form a stable compound. The same rule follows in the compound formed by Potassium (K) and Oxygen(O) also. The valency of oxygen is 2 which means that it should be surrounded by 2 potassium ions to provide electrons to fulfill both the elements' octets.

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Thus, the consumption of 3 L of O₂ will produce 1.5 L of CO₂.

Methane is non-toxic and poses no danger when inhaled in small amounts, but if significant amounts of the gas are allowed to replace air, the lack of oxygen could cause suffocating.

In the reaction, CH₄+2O₂⇒CO₂+2H₂O

2 moles of O₂ consumption will produce 1 mole of CO₂.

In the gaseous phase, the relationship between the amount of compound and the volume is:  PV=nRT

The volume and the amount of the gaseous compound are proportionate at the same temperature and pressure.

Thus, the consumption of 3 L of O₂ will produce 1.5 L of CO₂.

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The [tex]K_{a}[/tex] of phenylacetic acid is  4.76008×[tex]10^{-5}[/tex], when the pH of the solution is 2.62.

As we know,

pH = -log[[tex]H^{+}[/tex]]

[[tex]H^{+}[/tex]] = [tex]10^{-pH}[/tex]

[[tex]H^{+}[/tex]] = [tex]10^{-2.62}[/tex]

[[tex]H^{+}[/tex]] = 2.39×[tex]10^{-3}[/tex]

Also to find [tex]K_{a}[/tex] of phenylacetic acid we know another relation as:

[[tex]H^{+}[/tex]] = [tex]\sqrt{K_{a} .c}[/tex]

2.39×[tex]10^{-3}[/tex] =  [tex]\sqrt{K_{a} .0.12}[/tex]

[tex]K_{a}[/tex] = 4.76008×[tex]10^{-5}[/tex]

Therefore, the [tex]K_{a}[/tex] of phenylacetic acid is  4.76008×[tex]10^{-5}[/tex], when the pH of the solution is 2.62.

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There is  5.8 %  of NaOCl in the sample.

The oxidation of hypochlorite is the first process, which goes as follows:

OCl^- + 2I^- + 2H^+ -----> I2 + Cl2 + H2O

Iodine and sodium thiosulfate react in the second stage as follows:

I2 + 2NaS2O3 -----> Na2S4O6 + 2NaI

Thiosulfate moles = 0.150 M * 0.890/1000 L = 1.335 * 10-4 moles.

Since 2 molecules of thiosulfate react with 1 mole of I2,

1.335 * 10-4 moles of thiosulfate and x moles of I2 react.

x = 1.335 * 10-4 moles/2 moles times one mole.

Iodine equivalent to 6.675 x 10-5 moles

6.675 * 10-5 moles of hypochlorite were reacted because 1 mole of hypochlorite yields 1 mole of iodine.

Therefore, the mass of NaOCl is equal to 4.97 * 10-3 g (6.675 * 10-5 moles * 74.44 g/mole).

5.8% of NaOCl is equal to 4.97 * 10-3 g/0.0854 g * 100/1.

NaOCl makes up 5.8% of the sample.

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Liquid water has one of the highest specific heat capacities among common substances, about 4184 J⋅kg−1⋅K−1 at 20 °C; but that of ice, just below 0 °C, is only 2093 J⋅kg−1⋅K−1. The specific heat capacities of iron, granite, and hydrogen gas are about 449 J⋅kg−1⋅K−1, 790 J⋅kg−1⋅K−1, and 14300 J⋅kg−1⋅K−1, respectively.

The amount of heat required to increase the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius (°C) is known as specific heat. Since water has a higher specific heat than other substances, it requires more energy to raise its temperature.

The heat capacity of a sample of a substance is divided by the mass of the sample to produce the specific heat capacity (symbol cp), also known as massif heat capacity. Informally, it is the quantity of heat that must be added to one unit of a substance's mass in order to raise its temperature by one unit. joule per kelvin per kilogram is the specific heat capacity unit in the SI.

A substance's specific heat capacity may be substantially higher when heated in an open vessel that permits expansion than when heated in a closed vessel that prevents expansion, especially when the substance is a gas (specific heat capacity at constant pressure) (specific heat capacity at constant volume).

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0.50 mol of H₂ and 1.0 mol of O₂ have the same average molecular kinetic energy at standard temperature and pressure

Mass of H₂ and O₂ can be found by the formula given below;

m=n × M

mass of H₂= 0.50 × 2= 1g

mass of O₂=1.0 ×16= 16g

The formula to find average kinetic energy is as follows

K=[tex]\frac{3}{2}[/tex]K[tex]B}[/tex]T where K[tex]{B}[/tex]= Boltzmann constant

According to the conditions given above i.e standard temperature and pressure.

K∝T

So it is independent of the quantity of the sample i.e how much the amount of sample is present.  

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Answer:

5, the last would be incomplete

Explanation:

The first, inner cloud has 2 electrons, then 8, then 8, then 8, then 3.

Sodium and lithium have similar chemical properties because both sodium and lithium have one valence electron

Chemical properties is the characteristics of particular substances that can be observed in a chemical reaction and the valence shell electrons in an atom determine the way it will interact with neighboring atoms and therefore determine its chemical properties and both sodium and lithium have one valence electron they share similar chemical properties and element sodium and lithium belong to group IA of the periodic table and the main characteristics is the a single electron in their outermost shell

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The equivalent absolute temperature when it condenses will be 27.25K. and freezes at 24.65K.

To find equivalent absolute temperatures we have to use the following equation:

0°C + 273.15 = 273.15K

The main idea is to convert degree Celsius to Kelvin.

In this manner, we are going make utilize of the over condition and space within the values for at degree Celsius at which it condenses and at degree Celsius at which it solidifies.

So, the temperature at which it condenses:

-245.9°C + 273.15 = 27.25K.

Also, the temperature at which it freezes.

-248.5°C + 273.15 = 24.65K.

Absolute temperature is utilized in the application of the perfect gas law and numerous other laws of thermodynamics.

A scale for outright temperature with degree units the same as on the Celsius scale is known as the Kelvin scale; the temperature scale utilizing Fahrenheit degree units is the Rankine scale.

Appropriately, a temperature distinction of one degree on the Celsius scale compares to a temperature contrast of one degree on the Kelvin scale; additionally for the Fahrenheit and Rankine scales.

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Although part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this full question:

Substances like neon, which is a gas at room temperature and pressure, can often be liquified or solidified only at very low temperatures. At a pressure of 1 atm, Ne does not condense to a liquid until -245.9°C and does not freeze until -248.5°C. What are the equivalent absolute temperatures?

To condense: __K

To freeze: __ K

C) It will continue on its own once begun is true for spontaneous processes.

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When a molecule lacks polar bonds, there is no permanent charge difference between parts of the molecule, and the molecule is nonpolar.

Because the electron charge on both atoms is identical, the Cl2 molecule has no polar bonds. As a result, it is a nonpolar molecule. Hydrocarbons are nonpolar molecular substances because none of the bonds in hydrocarbon molecules, such as hexane, C6H14, are significantly polar.

The molecule is nonpolar if the arrangement is symmetrical and the arrows are of equal length. The molecule is polar if the arrows are of different lengths and do not balance each other. The molecule is polar if the arrangement is asymmetrical.

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Alanine is a member of the twenty key amino acids which might be used by our bodies to make proteins: Pyrrolysine (not utilized in human protein synthesis). of those 20 amino acids, nine amino acids are crucial: Phenylalanine. Valine. Tryptophan.

Alanine is an amino acid that is used to make proteins. it's miles used to break down tryptophan and diet B-6. it's miles a source of power for muscle mass and the central fearful gadget. It strengthens the immune device and helps the frame use sugars.

Alanine, or α-alanine, is an α-amino acid this is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an amine organization and a carboxylic acid organization, both connected to the valuable carbon atom which also contains a methyl institution facet chain. Alanine is an amino acid this is used to make proteins. it's miles used to interrupt down tryptophan and diet B-6. it's miles a supply of electricity for muscle tissue and the critical apprehensive gadget. It strengthens the immune system and allows the frame to use sugars.

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Answer

1.0 mol

Explanation

Given:

Volume, V = 5.0 L

Temperature, T = 215 K

Pressure, P = 342 kPa

The gas constant, R = 8.31 L kPa/mol K

What to find:

The number of moles of the gas sample.

Step-step-solution:

The number of moles of the gas can be determine using the ideal gas equation formula:

Put the given values into the formula and calculate for n:

The number of moles of the gas sample is 1.0 mol.

The condensed form of Sb in order of increasing orbital energy is [Kr] 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p³

Sb (Antimony) is a metalloid with atomic number 51. The electronic configuration of antimony is 1s² 2s²p⁶ 3s²p⁶d¹⁰ 4s²p⁶d¹⁰5s²p³

As you can see, the normal notation of electronic configuration is lengthy. Condensed or abbreviated form of the configuration would be preferred to normal lengthy electronic configuration for representation.

In condensed form, in place of completely filled subshells with configuration that is similar to noble gas is represented by the symbol of that particular inert gas / noble gas. The symbol would be represented inside square brackets.

The electronic configuration of Krypton, a noble gas is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶.

Therefore, Sb can be expressed in condensed form as [Kr] 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p³. As observed, 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ in Sb is expressed as Kr followed by the remaining electronic configuration in Sb in order of increasing orbital energy.

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Answer:

Smaller Atomic Radius, High Ionization Affinity, and High Electron Affinity

[Note:  It is Br2, not B2, the bomber]

Explanation:

a) Smaller Atomic Radius  YES  Each of these elements have a high number of electrons that nearly fill the lower energy orbitals, forcing the protons in the nucleus to cluster togeter more tightly.

b) High Metallic Character NO

c) High Ionization Energy    YES  - They want to keep their electrons, so the ionization energy is high.

d) High Electron Affinity  YES  They attract electons from anything that comes nearby.

The element that is able to gain electrons and form an ionic bond is Iodine.

The term ionic bond has to do with the kind of bond that is formed between a metal and a non metal. In this type of bond, there is a transfer of electrons from the metal to the non metal. s such the metal would become positively charged while the non metal would become negatively charged as we can see in the crystal of the ionic compound.

We just have to look at the string of elements that we have been given because, this is how we can be able to make a decision about which of the elements would be able to gain an electron. While doing this, we must keep in kind that it is only the non metal that are able to gain electron within the context of forming an ionic bond.

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Missing parts;

Based on its electron configuration which element will most likely gain electrons from another element when forming an ionic compound? Potassium , Vanadium, Iodine, Xenon

The general period and group trends among the main-group elements with respect to each of the following properties are as follows:

Periodic trends are the trends followed by the properties of the elements going down a group or across a period in the periodic table.

The properties of elements that show periodic trends include:

a. atomic radii - the size of an atom of an element

b. first ionization energy - the energy required to remove a valence electron

c. electron affinity - the energy required to add an electron to a neutral atom

d. ionic radii - the size of the ion of an element

e. electronegativity - the ability to attract electrons

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