The parties will engage in a pretrial process of exchanging documents and asking questions of witnesses as well as experts, which is known as Discovery
What is the concept of Discovery?
Both sides participate in discovery to start the trial preparation process. The parties are formally exchanging information regarding the witnesses and evidence they'll use at trial during this procedure.
Before the trial even starts, the parties might learn what evidence might be used through discovery. It is intended to prevent "trial by ambush," in which one side learns of the other's testimony or evidence only during the trial, leaving no opportunity for the other side to provide rebuttal evidence.
Through depositions, a party can learn in advance what a witness would testify about at the trial. Important witnesses who are unable to attend the trial can nonetheless be called as witnesses through depositions. In that case, they were again read throughout the trial as evidence.
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Question 4 of 20
Which of the following is an example of primary source?
O A. Law journal
O B. Legal encyclopedia
O C. Legal analysis
OD. Case law
Answer: O A. Law Journal
Explanation:
What type of evidence can be pulled from both a computer and a portable device?
O images
O Text history
O GPS coordinates
O Phone call data
Answer:
images
Explanation:
c. if the prosecuting attorney does not exercise the right to a peremptory challenge of a judge, and if the defense is limited to at most two such challenges, how many challenges should the defense attorney make if he or she is 60 percent certain that the client is guilty?
A random variable is a numerical representation of the result of an experiment in statistics. Any qualities, quantity, or number that can be gauged or tallied qualifies as a variable.
What is the definition of a random variable?
A random variable is a variable with an unknown value or a function that gives values to each of the results of an experiment. There are two types of random variables: discrete (having specified values) and continuous (any value in a continuous range).
What are some examples of random variables?
Every event in an experiment has a probability, which ranges from 0 to 1, and the total probability of the experiment is 1. The number of outcomes from rolling a die, the number of outcomes from pulling a jack of spades from a deck of cards, and other examples are examples of discrete random variables.
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bp violated the clean air act by discharging pollutants from one of its refineries and was unable to reach a settlement with the epa regarding a violation of the law. the epa plans to go forward with a trial on this matter, which will be heard by:
Administrative law judge (ALJ). The EPA intends to proceed with this case's trial, which will be presided over by an administrative law judge (ALJ).
- About the Clean air act :
- In order to correct violations of the Clean Air Act at its petroleum storage facility in Guaynabo, Puerto Rico, TotalEnergies Marketing Puerto Rico Corp. will put in place compliance measures estimated to cost $1.3 million, according to a recent announcement from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). As part of the settlement, the company's oil storage facility in Guaynabo must take steps to address major issues and poor maintenance. A civil fine of $500,000 will also be paid by the business.
- When the company was alerted by EPA that its gasoline storage operation resulted in vapor concentrations high enough to pose unacceptable fire and explosion hazards, it failed to act appropriately and EPA issued a Clean Air Act emergency order to the company in 2019. The corporation has already addressed the immediate risks that its site presents.
- Before continuing to use some tanks, the corporation is required under the settlement to repair any problematic parts and enhance monitoring. Tank vapor concentrations increase to a certain point. This involves performing safety tests, repairing or operating alterations to the tanks, or taking the tanks out of service. The settlement calls for reporting to EPA as well as additional improvement measures.
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There are four main juvenile justice systems at the state level.
Question 4 options:
1) True
2) False
Jeremy puts his trash out at the end of the road to be picked up. Police are investigating Jeremy for selling drugs out of his home, so they conduct a warrantless "trash pull" by
taking the trash bags out of his trash cans and putting the bags in the back of their patrol cars. They bring the bags back to the police station and go through Jeremy's trash,
looking for evidence of drug sales. Did the police violate any of Jeremy's constitutional rights?
No, because the trash was considered abandoned property
Yes, the 5th Amendment was violated
No, because there was probable cause with exigent circumstances
Yes, the 4th Amendment was violated
4
Discuss the role of legal profession in development of law in Kenya
Legal profession of people such as lawmakers and judiciaries is the most important that led to the development of law and legal bodies in the Kenyan society.
What is the significance of a legal profession?A legal profession can be referred to or considered as the profession that deals in carrying and practicing activities related to laws and regulations of a particular society.
Lawmakers and members of the judiciary are the legal professionals who help in the development of laws in the countries and societies like they have in Kenya.
Therefore, the significance regarding a legal profession has been aforementioned.
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a person who had been convicted of a felony 10 years ago was turned down for license. if he still desired a license, what is his next course of action?
His next course of action is Request a hearing before the Administrative Hearing Commission.
What is hearing?
A hearing refers to any formal proceeding before a court. The term usually refers to a brief court session that resolves a specific question before a full court trial takes place, or to such specialized proceedings as administrative hearings.
What is the purpose of hearing?
A hearing is a meeting or session of a Senate, House, joint, or special committee of Congress, usually open to the public, to obtain information and opinions on proposed legislation, conduct an investigation, or evaluate/oversee the activities of a government department or the implementation of a Federal law.
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scotland provides an especially good contemporary example of substantive criminal law in the common legal tradition because scottish courts take an active role in judge-made law. true false
It is TRUE that scottland provides an especially good contemporary example of substantive criminal law.
What is substantive criminal law ?
Civil law's rights and obligations and criminal law's offences and penalties are defined by substantive law. It may be enshrined in statutes or be recogonised by common law tradition.
What is an example of substantive?
A substantive law establishes a legal connection or forbids particular behaviour. In other words, it specifies what you are able to do. For instance, a state that prohibits stealing. Such a law would be substantive.
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when one boards a plane, one of the strictly implemented reminders of the flight attendant to passenger is to not remove the life jacket unless necessary as this may violate a law. discuss this law. what penalties are imposed on violators?
Parts 91 and 121 of Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations would be the "law" that would apply when one boards a plane, and is reminded to not remove their life jacket unless necessary as this may violate a law.
They essentially say that no one is allowed to fly an aircraft over water past power-off gliding distance for an emergency landing unless they have given each passenger a flotation device and a signaling device. With the help of this rule, the airline, crew, and pilots will be held responsible for giving their customers a certain level of safety. Since the passengers do not own or operate the aircraft, it does not apply to them.
Part 91.11, however, forbids interference with an aircrew member while they are performing their duty. Interference can be considered to occur when a piece of equipment needed for flight is removed from the aircraft without authorization.
Additionally, you are only permitted to use the flotation device while you are a passenger on the airplane. It belongs to the airline before, during, and after the trip. As a result, you would be stealing someone else's property. And breaking non-aviation laws is prohibited.
You may be responsible for much more in civil damage since this is a necessary equipment cost. It has cost a lot of money to get this piece of aviation gear a Technical Standard Order, Type Certificate from the FAA or another CAA, Inspection, and Packaging. It would be comparable to using a cockpit radio, a seat cushion, or a seatbelt.
You might owe the airline:
the price of a replacement unit, the time and labor of the technician,and the price of paying back the airline for an FAA fine.the financial loss incurred because the aircraft was unable to fly.To know about Airline Passenger List: https://brainly.com/question/16925468
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Which factor contributed to the growth of the U.S. economy during the 20th
century?
A. The United States cut off trade with foreign countries.
B. The United States decided to remain on the gold standard.
C. The U.S. economy changed its focus back to agriculture.
OD. The United States increased international trade.
The United States increased international trade factor contributed to the growth of the U.S. economy during the 20th century. A factor is a specific kind of trader who engages in factorage, or receiving and selling products on compensation.
A mercantile fiduciary who does business in his own name without exposing his principal is referred to as a trade factor. One characteristic of the economy stocks that factor investors select is the value factor. The value factor is predicated on the idea that stocks outperform more costly ones when compared to some measure of underlying value. When international variations in factor endowment are the driving force behind commerce.
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What are your thoughts on the ted bundy case? do you agree with the decision of killing him? What are your thoughts on Miranda v Arizona?
Answer: I agree because he killed people so there for he should be put to death
Explanation:
an individual who is injured as result of a tort may bring a legal action against the person who caused the injury. in a court of law, the injured party is known as the
the injured party is known as plaintiff.
What is plaintiff and tort law ?
Plaintiff is the person who initiates a legal case against someone in court.
A tort is a civil wrong that exposes the perpetrator to legal responsibility and results in loss or injury to the claimant. Criminal law, which deals with crimes that the state has the power to punish, can be compared with tort law. Tort law strives to recompense those who suffer injury as a result of the conduct of others, in contrast to criminal law, which seeks to punish people who commit crimes. In nations with distinct civil and criminal legal systems, some wrongdoings like assault and battery can lead to both a civil complaint and a criminal prosecution.
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When an officer makes a vehicle stop what four things should he/she transmit to dispatch?
After an officer performs a vehicle stop, the four things they should transmit to dispatch include:
That they stopped a vehicle The CYMBALS information The occupant information The location of the stopWhat does an officer do when they stop a car?When an office stops a vehicle, there are procedures that they have to abide by and one of these include transmitting certain information back to dispatch.
They need to tell dispatch that they have made a vehicular stop, and then they should send the CYMBALS (Color, Year, Make, Body Type...) information as well as information on the occupants of the car. They should also transmit the location of the stop.
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During which of the following decades in American history was the crime rate
relatively stable?
The 1950s
The 1960s
The 1970s
The 1980s
Answer:
The 1950s
Explanation:
Following World War II, the crime rate in America remained relatively stable until the 1960s, when reported criminal activity increased dramatically.
greg is arrested at a warehouse in brady bunch corporate park. a government prosecutor provides evidence before a grand jury against greg for receiving stolen property. the grand jury formally charges greg. this charge is a(n)
An administration examiner gives proof before a stupendous jury against Greg for getting taken property. The stupendous jury officially charges Greg. This charge is abuses Greg's considerable fair treatment privileges data.
What is a meaningful fair treatment right?
Meaningful fair treatment is a rule in US sacred regulation that permits courts to lay out and shield specific major freedoms from government impedance, regardless of whether procedural securities are available or the privileges are unenumerated (not explicitly referenced) somewhere else in the U.S. Constitution.
What central freedoms are safeguarded by considerable fair treatment?
The High Court has decided that the freedoms to "Individual independence, substantial uprightness, self-pride, and self-assurance" are safeguarded by the Fair treatment Proviso. Together, these interests are conjured to legitimize an intrinsically safeguarded right to protection.
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The attitude someone has when committing a
crime, their intentions
The attitude someone has when committing crime, their intentions is celled mens rea.
The required details about intention is mentioned in below paragraph.
Intentions are intellectual states wherein the agent commits themselves to a path of motion. Having the plan to go to the zoo the next day is an instance of an goal. The motion plan is the content material of the goal even as the dedication is the mindset closer to this co
For human beings, however, having an goal means (a) that one has fashioned the view that the motion is really helpful, and which means that one want now no longer boost once more the query of whether or not it's miles really helpful to do so.
The plural of provision is mentes reae. A mens rea refers back to the dominion of thoughts statutorily needed on the thanks to convict a particular litigator of a selected crime.
Thus, mens rea is the attitude of someone committing a crime.
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how could a forensic ipse dixit statute potentially take away the defendant's constitutional rights in a courtroom if not for the melendez-diaz v. massachusetts (2009) decision?
It can take away by not allowing the lack of cross-examination of the forensic analyst
The government is relieved of its burden of proof by the forensic ipse dixit statutes, which also deny defendants the right to confrontation. Additionally, these laws encourage negligence and fraud in crime laboratories, inhibit robust defense advocacy, and raise the possibility of erroneous convictions and penalties. It is not a ridiculous quirk of Texas law that this forensic ipse dixit statute exists.
This forensic ipse dixit statute has been adopted by almost all of the states in the union. In the great majority of American jurisdictions, live testimony is not required to substantiate forensic claims; instead, the state may rely on a forensic certificate. If not for the Melendez-Diaz v. Massachusetts (2009) ruling the forensic analyst would not be cross-examined, resulting in negligent practice and increased rates of false convictions, a forensic ipse dixit statute may potentially take away the defendant's constitutional rights in a trial.
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Describe the use of fingerprints in a police investigation, from collecting prints at the crime scene to presenting it as evidence in a trial.
4. How does the plaintiff, Mrs. Wood, try to implicate the gun manufacturer (who testifies, what do they say, what evidence is introduced
How do you think a legal positivist would justify compulsory schooling?
I think a legal positivist would defend mandatory education as a way for children to properly grow their brains and understand the fundamentals of right and wrong. Additionally, it would instil in them the discipline needed to manage their time well, which will be crucial for their careers.
What do legal positivists believe in?Legal positivism is a legal philosophy that places an emphasis on how socially produced law is and how conventional it is. Legal positivism holds that law is synonymous with positive norms, i.e., norms created by legislators or regarded as common law or case law.
What is the legal principles of positivist school of thought?One of the most influential philosophical theories of the nature of law, legal positivism is characterised by two central tenets: (1) social facts—such as information about human behaviour and intentions—solely determine the existence and content of law; and (2) there is no inescapable link between morality and the law.
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what is the main idea of amendment 1
Answer:
freedom of speech. that every individual has the right to a voice and opinion
Explanation:
the fbi has estimated that over a five-year period, alf and elf have committed more than 600 criminal acts in the united states, which have resulted in damages that exceeded:
The FBI has estimated that over a five-year period, ALF and ELF have committed more than 600 criminal acts in the united states, which have resulted in damages that exceeded: 110 MILLION DOLLARS.
The FBI categorizes the terrorist threat the United States faces into two main groups: domestic and foreign. In order to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, for the advancement of political or social goals, may use unlawful force or threaten to use unlawful force against persons or property.
The terrorist threat has undergone significant modifications during the previous ten years. Right-wing extremism replaced left-wing terrorism as the most serious domestic terrorist threat to the nation. Special interest extremism, as typified by the Animal Liberation Front- ALF and the Earth Liberation Front- ELF, has become a significant terrorist danger over the past few years. According to the FBI, the ALF/ELF have committed 600 or more crimes in the US since 1996, causing losses of more than 110 million dollars.
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Which of the following is an example of demonstrative evidence?
O Gun
O Fingerprint
O Handwritten note
O Model of crime scene
Answer:
D: model of the crime scene.
Explanation:
Demonstrative evidence is evidence that is not the original piece of evidence.
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which approach to law relies on decisions made by judges in previous cases along with statutes and regulations made by legislatures? multiple choice question. religious law
Answer: Common Law
Explanation: In this system, much of the law is made by judges' decisions, called precedent. This means that if a similar case has been resolved by a court in the past, a court is bound to follow the reasoning used in the prior decision.
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When an officer makes a vehicle stop what four things should he/she transmit to dispatch
When an officer makes a vehicle stop the four things should he/she transmit to dispatch include -
That they stopped a vehicleThe CYMBALS informationThe occupant informationThe location of the stopSo, when an officer stops a vehicle, above mentioned are the four things which should he/she should transmit in order to dispatch. Thus, there are certain procedures which they have to abide by and one of these include transmitting certain information back to dispatch.
They also need to tell dispatch that they have made a vehicular stop, and also then they should send the CYMBALS (Color, Year, Make, Body Type...).
Hence, they should also transmit the location of the stop.
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Select the correct answer.
Which is an example of a chemical change?
A.
freezing water
OB.
boiling water
C.
baking a cake
OD. felling a tree
OE. breaking a glass pane
Answer:
Burning, cooking, rusting and rotting are examples of chemical changes. Therefore your answer should be C. baking a cake
Explanation:
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What personal story does Lou share to illustrate the broken judicial system at work? Explain and
analyze why this story speaks to her point?
Lou tells the story of her son, Jamal, who was wrongfully convicted of a crime he did not commit. She explains how the judicial system failed him at every turn, from the police officers who beat him during interrogation to the prosecutor who withheld evidence that would have exonerated him. This story speaks to Lou's point because it illustrates how the judicial system can fail even when there is overwhelming evidence of innocence. In Jamal's case, the police officers who beat him during interrogation likely caused him to confess to a crime he did not commit. The prosecutor then withheld evidence that would have exonerated him, which led to his wrongful conviction. This story highlights the need for reform in the judicial system, as innocent people like Jamal should not be punished for crimes they did not commit.
What is wrong with the legal system in the United States?
Drug usage and mental health problems are a couple of the problems causing the high incarceration rate. Spending on community preventive and treatment initiatives would be preferable to funding for policing and detentions. If inmates were once again eligible for federal Pell Grants, recidivism might also be decreased.To learn more about the judicial system, follow the link https://brainly.com/question/1145536
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help me with this please
It is safe to assume that slavery would have persisted or taken a longer time to end if the court had declined to overturn the ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson during its decision in the brown v board of education.
What was the outcome of the case between Brown v. Board of Education?In the aforementioned case, the Supreme Court declared that racial segregation of children in public schools violated the Constitution.
The "separate but equal" rule established in the Plessy v. Ferguson ruling in 1896 was subsequently overturned.
With this decision, racial segregation in American schools came to an end.
What if the court in Gideon v. Wainwright had maintained Florida's law?If the court had upheld Florida's statute in the Gideon v. Wainwright case, it would have set a precedent for other cases, and many people would have ended up in jail because they would not have been able to afford an attorney to defend them in court.
Why didn't Florida assign Gideon a counsel?Because counsel could only be provided for a poor person accused with a deadly offense under Florida law, the trial judge rejected Gideon's request for a court-appointed attorney.
Why was Gideon's petition denied by the Florida Supreme Court?The trial judge denied Gideon's motion because Florida law only allowed the appointment of counsel for poor people facing capital charges.
Gideon, however, actually sent that letter; the court looked into his case; he was retried with the aid of an accomplished defense attorney; he was found not guilty; and after serving a two-year term for a crime he didn't commit, he was released from prison.
Due to the majority ruling in favor of Gideon by the Supreme Court in 1963, criminal defendants in federal and state courts now have the right to legal representation. following the decision.
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explain why eyewitness are (a) separted before providing their account of what happened and (b) asked to repeat their story several times
Due to circumstances at the crime site, memory "contamination," and misrepresentation at trial, eyewitness testimony might be inaccurate.When used as evidence in criminal cases in Austin, eyewitness testimony can be highly persuasive.
What does an eyewitness account serve?
In the course of a criminal investigation or prosecution, it is utilized to establish facts.Even though it can be the least trustworthy, it frequently serves as the strongest evidence in criminal cases.Eyewitness testimony has historically been used all across the world, not just in the United States and its legal system. When they are far away or had little time to react to a criminal event, they frequently can't see things clearly.It might be challenging to accurately describe a person, including their physical appearance and any distinguishing characteristics. the impact of false information.The disinformation effect is the discovery that when people are given false information about an event they have already witnessed, they frequently add that false information to their memory of the event (Loftus, Miller, & Burns, 1978 ; for a review, see Loftus, 2005) Studies have indicated that roughly half of all wrongful convictions are caused by false eyewitness testimony.When Ohio State University researchers looked at hundreds of false convictions, they found that about 52 percent of the errors were due to inaccuracies made by eyewitnesses. Eyewitness testimony is an essential component of the criminal justice system, despite the complexity of its role.Jurors are required to believe an eyewitness presented by the defense when they can positively identify the perpetrator and attest to having seen them commit a crime. However, very quickly after an occurrence, journalists and social scientists can also produce eyewitness reports.The unique benefit of these kinds of sources is that they offer exceptional proof of an occurrence from a source that would not normally be recorded. Investigators can examine crimes and offenders to which they would otherwise have extremely limited access thanks to eyewitness descriptions of criminal events.Investigations are frequently guided by eyewitness evidence, including descriptions and identifications, which can help identify criminal culprits. The main cause of wrongful convictions is incorrect identifications.About 69% of the more than 375 wrongful convictions in the United States that post-conviction DNA evidence overturned were due to incorrect eyewitness identifications. Eyewitness mistaken identity has the potential to result in incorrect convictions in a number of ways:Law enforcement personnel waste time looking for the wrong individual after incorrectly identifying the criminal.knowingly giving a false testimony or identifying the wrong person in order to place the blame for the crime elsewhere.To learn more about eyewitness account refer
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