Objective observation is when the patient tell you what is wrong.

True
or
False

Answers

Answer 1
False i hope Objective observations are based on what we observed using our senses, we record exactly what we see, hear, taste, touch, and smell. Subjective

Related Questions

classify the food items that are found around your locality in to 3 categories as those that assist growth those provide energy and those that protect the body​

Answers

Answer: Cow assist the growth of the other plants, Sunflowers help with energy, And Corn helps protect the body with its proteins.

Explanation:

Your heart rate or pulse should be within your TTZ for at least 20 minutes of exercise if you want to improve your cardiovascular health.

O True
O False

Answers

Answer: A True

Reasoning

A patient has a cast removed after bone healing takes place. what should the nurse instruct the patient to do after removal?

Answers

After the patient's bones have healed, the cast is taken off. What is the patient to do after removal, per the nurse's instructions?

a. To soften the skin, rub on an emollient lotion.

b. Control swelling with elastic bandages, as recommended.

c. Gradually resume activities and exercise.

What are casts?

Fractures are frequently treated using casts. While the bone heals, casts are used to immobilize broken bones, encourage healing, and lessen discomfort and swelling. They may be applied to an arm or leg following surgery to safeguard the bone and maintain its correct alignment.

After cast removal, skin becomes rough and hence emollient lotion is necessary. The muscles swell and bandages must be used to control swelling. The muscles become stiff and hence activities should be resumed slowly.

To learn more about fracture, click on the link below –

https://brainly.com/question/4261308

#SPJ4

Which organization offers a variety of certifications for health informatics careers? american health information management association american health information education association american health information certification association american health information career association

Answers

Answer: A

Explanation:

The organization that offers a variety of certifications for health informatics careers is American Health Information  Management Association [AHIMA].

What is American Health Information  Management Association ?

The business and clinical uses of electronic and paper-based medical information are promoted by the American Health Information Management Association (AHIMA), a professional organization. The organization offers tools and training to health information workers so they can advance their careers.

What credentials does AHIMA provide?

RHIA. Registered Health Information Administrator Exam (RHIA) .RHIT. Registered Health Information Technician Exam (RHIT) .CHPS. Certified in Healthcare Privacy & Security Exam (CHPS) .CHDA. Certified Health Data Analyst Exam (CHDA) .CDIP. Certified Documentation Improvement Practitioner(CDIP) Exam (CDIP)

To learn more about AHIMA click on the link below:

https://brainly.com/question/26301099

#SPJ4

The shape of hair is determined in part by the pattern of disulfide bonds in keratin, its major protein. From first to last, arrange the five steps needed to induce permanent curls in hair.

Answers

The five steps needed to induce permanent curls in hair by keratin are

I.A thiol containing reagent and Heating(gentle)

II. Disulfide bond Breaker for Keratin

III. curling the hair physically

IV.A good oxidizing agent application

V. Disulfide bonds reformer for keratin  to hold the shape

Keratin is a protein that your body produces naturally, and it helps keep your hair, skin and nails healthy and robust. Your body produces keratin naturally, however keratin shampoos and conditioners that contain keratin protein could strengthen your hair and improve its look.

Keratin works by smoothing down the cells that overlap to make your hair strands. The layers of cells, referred to as the hair cuticle, in theory absorb the keratin, leading to hair that appears full and shiny. Keratin conjointly claims to form wavy hair less curly, to straighter in look.

The question is incomplete, for complete question here

The shape of hair is determined in part by the pattern of disulfide bonds in keratin, its major protein. From first to last, arrange the five steps needed to induce permanent curls in hair.

Answers:

1. Keratin's a-helices convert to B-sheets.

2. Keratin's disulfide bonds break.

3. Physically curl the hair.

4. Apply an oxidizing agent.

5. Keratin's disulfide bonds reform to hold shape.

6. Apply a thiol-containing reagent and gentle heat.

7. Keratin's amino acids rearrange into the curled conformation.

To learn more about Keratin here

brainly.com/question/5961233

#SPJ4

Modified True or false Write true if the sentence is correct and write the correct
Answer if tje sentence is false



thailand acquired significant influences in their music from Chinese Music regarding musical elements and principles. GAMELAN ENSEMBLE from thailand comprises percussion and wind instruments that preform ay diffremt events in thailand​

Answers

Answer:

False

Explanation:

Thailand acquired music from other regions like Europe and America.


This language barrier is where informal words and expressions are used in communication:
A. None apply
B. Jargon
C. Slang
D. Dialect

Answers

Answer:

Slang

Explanation:

Hope this helps.

What are some questions the nurse should ask herself before accepting this assignment?

Answers

The nurse must ask herself,

Do you possess the knowledge necessary to treat patients?

Do you have experience with the assigned patient types?

What are questions the nurse should ask herself before accepting this assignment?

The nurse must ask herself;

Do you have the necessary cross-training to care for these patients if this is a "float assignment"?

Is a "buddy system" with staff members who are familiar with the unit in place?

Do you possess the knowledge necessary to treat patients?

Do you have experience with the assigned patient types?

The 4 choices every registered nurse has when given an assignment are

Accept,

Refuse,

Refuse and request peer review,

Accept and file safe harbor.

To learn more about nursing care, refer

https://brainly.com/question/12134117

#SPJ4

Ez 30 points
give Examples of 2 smooth and skeletal muscles. give the cardiac muscle only one example

Answers

Your shoulder muscles, hamstring muscles and abdominal muscles are all examples of skeletal muscles. The cardiac muscle is the muscle of the heart. Smooth muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs, including the stomach, intestines, bladder and uterus.

Which ingredient in tobacco smoke seriously depletes the body's supply of oxygen? benzopyrene carbon monoxide formaldehyde toluene

Answers

Carbon monoxide is the ingredient in tobacco smoke which seriously depletes the body's supply of oxygen.

Carbon monoxide inhaled from tobacco smoke conjointly contributes to a scarcity of oxygen, creating the heart to work even tougher. This will increase the danger of cardiovascular disease, together with heart attacks.

Tobacco smoke contains several chemicals that are harmful to smokers and non-smokers. Respiration mixed up with smoke even in small amounts of tobacco smoke is harmful. Of the over 7,000 chemicals in tobacco smoke, a minimum of 250 are acknowledged to be harmful, together with compound, CO, and ammonia.

To learn more about Tobacco smoke here

brainly.com/question/28215839

#SPJ4

Identify two communication barriers that may occur in healthcare. Give an example of how you would work around each barrier to provide excellent care to your patient.

Answers

The communication between the nurse and patient is very important therefore the health care department should proper take care of the communication.

Identify two communication barriers that may occur in healthcare.

Lack of privacy and background noise are the two main barriers which is commonly present in the communication of healthcare between the nurse and patient. The patient ability of communication with the nurse is mostly caused by the background noise and the lack of privacy between the nurse and the patient. The main problem of communication between the patient and nurse can also be the language.

So we can conclude that: The communication between the nurse and patient is very important therefore the health care department should proper take care of the communication.

Learn more about Health Care here: https://brainly.com/question/25912875

#SPJ1

The nurse is offering a community teaching session on obstructive sleep apnea (osa). which life-threatening occurrences can result from untreated osa? select all that apply.

Answers

Untreated obstructive sleep apnea leads to an episode of apnea and loss of breath and sudden awakening.

What is Obstructive Sleep Apnea?

The most prevalent sleep-related breathing disease, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), is defined by recurring episodes of whole or partial blockage of the upper airway, which results in diminished or missing breathing during sleep. These events are classified as "apneas" when breathing completely or nearly completely stops, or as "hypopneas" when breathing is just partly reduced.

In either scenario, there may be a drop in blood oxygen, a sleep disturbance, or both. A high rate of apneas or hypopneas while you sleep may prevent you from getting restorative sleep, which, together with issues with blood oxygenation, is thought to have a severe impact on your  quality of life and health.

Learn more about Apnea with the help of the given link:

https://brainly.com/question/26282933

#SPJ4

What health science professional helps individuals participate in tasks and activities that they want or need to perform as part of their daily lives?

Answers

Occupational therapy (OT) is a branch of allied health that focuses on treating conditions that affect a patient's capacity for performing daily tasks on the physical, mental, developmental, and emotional levels.

What is occupational therapy (OT)?

An international career in healthcare is occupational therapy. Developing, regaining, or maintaining the worthwhile activities.

Through the therapeutic utilization of daily activities, occupational therapists treat patients who are injured, ill, or incapacitated.

They assist these individuals in acquiring, regaining, maintaining, and improving the abilities required for working and daily living.

Therefore, occupational therapy helps individuals participate in tasks and activities that they want or need to perform as part of their daily lives.

Learn more about occupational therapy here:

https://brainly.com/question/28191849

#SPJ4

Code __________ is assigned for two-way communication between the doctor and the emt or other emergency personnel during a transport that involves advanced life support.

Answers

Code 99288 is assigned for two-way communication between the doctor and the emt or other emergency personnel during a transport that involves advanced life support.

What is two-way communication?

Two-way communication is a form of transmission in which both parties involved transmit information. Two-way communication has also been referred to as interpersonal communication.

Code 99288 is assigned for two-way communication between the doctor and the emt or other emergency personnel during a transport that involves advanced life support.

Learn more about two way communication here: https://brainly.com/question/17286399

#SPJ1

The client demonstrates soft, high-pitched, discontinuous sounds in the left lower lobe of the lung. how will the nurse accurately document this finding?

Answers

The client demonstrates soft, high-pitched, discontinuous sounds in the left lower lobe of the lung so the nurse will accurately document this finding with the help of crackles.

The left lung consists of 2 lobes: the left higher lobe (LUL) and therefore the left lower lobe (LLL). the right lobe is split by an oblique and horizontal fissure, wherever the horizontal fissure divides the higher and middle lobe, and therefore the oblique fissure divides the center and lower lobe.

This high-pitched noise could happen while you are inhaling or exhaling. It has always an indication that one thing is creating your airways narrow or keeping air from flowing through them.

To learn more about Lower lobe here

brainly.com/question/13118235

#SPJ4

Which finding would the nurse identify as normal when assessing the chest of an older adult patient?

Answers

The finding the nurse would find normal during assessing the chest of an older patient is: (1) The patient has an outward curvature noted in the thoracic spine.

Chest is the region of the body between the neck and the abdomen. In scientific language, the chest is also called the thorax. The main organs present ion the chest are: lungs and heart. Therefore, chest is responsible for the oxygen supply and blood circulation of the body.

Outward curvature in the spine is also called 'Kyphosis'. The spine appears rounded due to this curvature. This condition can be very normally seen in older people as they are more prone to develop spine problems.

The question is incomplete, the complete question is:

Which finding would the nurse identify as normal when assessing the chest of an older adult patient?

The patient has an outward curvature noted in the thoracic spine.The respirations are deeper, with 40% increase in the tidal volume.The costal angle is about 50% wider than seen in the younger adult.The anteroposterior diameter is less than the transverse diameter.

To know more about outward curvature (kyphosis), here

brainly.com/question/28265171

#SPJ4

Answer: An outward curvature in the thoracic spine.

Explanation:

Kyphosis is a nature occurrence with the aging of the thoracic spine. It happens to elderly people.

The two grains persons with celiac disease can consume are _____.

Answers

Answer:

Corn and Rice

Explanation:

Which health promotion activity will have the greatest impact in the prevention of spinal cord injury?

Answers

Fall prevention strategies will have the greatest impact on the prevention of spinal cord injury.

Spinal cord injury can be any kind of damage to the spinal cord resulting from a trauma like an accident or any chronic disease like cancer. The symptoms of the SCI depend upon the location and severity of the injury. Most severe injuries can affect bowel movements, breathing rate, heart rate, and blood pressure. While mild injuries decrease the voluntary movements of arms or legs.

Primary causes of spinal cord injuries are road accidents, accidental falls, or any type of violence. Improving roads and guiding people toward the behavior can prevent such accidents. Being careful while walking can help reduce the risk to fall and improving mental status can help improve violence.

Spinal cord injuries can lead people to premature deaths. Therefore, it is advised to prevent falls especially to reduce the risks. Also taking care while on the roads and avoiding violence can help people to lead a long and healthy life.

To know more about spinal cord injury, refer to the following link:

https://brainly.com/question/20093089

#SPJ4

Which choice demonstrates best nursing practice when performing tracheostomy care on a client who is 8 hours post new insertion?

Answers

Using sterile gloves during the procedure is the best choice which can be demonstrated by nurses during practice while performing tracheostomy care on a client who has 8 hours post new insertion.

A hole is drilled into the front of the neck to allow tracheal intubation, and this is known as a tracheostomy. If necessary, the tube can be connected to a ventilator, a mechanical breathing device, and an oxygen supply.

A tracheostomy might have a few difficulties that can occur during or just after the procedure.

Bleeding. There may occasionally be some bleeding from the trachea or the tracheostomy device itself.Lung collapse. The lungs can occasionally become engulfed in air, which makes them collapse inward.

Surgery always carries the risk of serious to mild complications. The majority of the time, it is temporary surgery, but it is not always.

To know more about Tracheostomy go to https://brainly.com/question/15612510

#SPJ4

A patient who is at risk for developing a chronic condition because of genetic factors is said to be in which phase of the trajectory model?

Answers

A patient who is at risk for developing a chronic condition because of genetic factors is said to be in pretrajectory phase of the trajectory model.

McCorkle & Pasacreta, 2001- explains eight phases of chronic illness trajectory. Initial or pretrajectory section - happens before any signs and symptoms are present.  Pretrajectory onset phase- happens with the primary onset of signs and symptoms and includes the diagnostic amount.

The term trajectory refers not solely to the pathophysiological method of a patient's chronic illness state, however additionally refers to the full organization of labor done throughout all nurse and patient interactions and refers to the impact of patient care processes on those interactions and also the organization.

To learn more about Trajectory here

brainly.com/question/88554

#SPJ1

The nurse is monitoring a hospitalized client who abuses alcohol. which findings should alert the nurse to the potential for alcohol withdrawal delirium?

Answers

Hypertension, changes in LOC, and hallucinations should alert the

nurse to the potential for alcohol withdrawal delirium.

What are the symptoms of Delirium?

Anxiety, insomnia, anorexia, hypertension, disorientation, hallucinations, changes in LOC, agitation, fever, and delusions are some of the symptoms of delirium tremors that are frequently present.Seeing things that don't exist (hallucinations)Restlessness, agitation, or combative behavior.Calling out, moaning, or making other sounds.Being quiet and withdrawn — especially in older adults.Slowed movement or lethargy.Disturbed sleep habits.Reversal of night-day sleep-wake cycle.

Delirium can cause a person to: become easily distracted. be less conscious of their location or the time (disorientation) suddenly losing the ability to do something (like eating or walking) well.

To learn more about Delirium, refer

to https://brainly.com/question/4784548

#SPJ4

A nurse has completed assessment of a client and is now validating the information gathered and reviewing goals with the client. which phase of the interview process is this?

Answers

The phase of completing assessment of a client and validating the information gathered and reviewing goals with the client by the nurse is the termination phase of the interview process.

What is the termination phase?

The most crucial stage of the relationship is when it ends. The primary goal of this stage is to therapeutically end the termination phase.

In the termination phase, nurses are responsible for the following-

- Present the sufferer with the separating reality.

- The nurse and the patient should discuss the patient's feelings, emotions, and associated behavior.

- Analyze the success of therapy and the accomplishment of objectives.

- If necessary, discuss upcoming meeting schedules.

Solutions to issues during the termination phase

Nurses need to be capable of handling the circumstance and cognizant of the patients' feelings.Invite the patient to express his opinions on the ending phase.When planning for a patient's release, nurses can enlist the assistance of the supervisor.

To learn more about termination phase with the help of given link:

https://brainly.com/question/28446998

#SPJ4

Which step of the nursing process does a nurse use when finding blood pressure of 180/75, a heart rate of 90, and a patient complaint of chest pain?

Answers

Assessment is the step of the nursing process does a nurse use when finding blood pressure of 180/75, a heart rate of 90, and a patient complaint of chest pain.

The nursing process functions as a guide to client-centered care with five successive steps. These are assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and analysis.

Assessment is that the first step and involves essential thinking skills and information collection; subjective and objective. Assessments are essential to patient safety as due to lack of nursing assessments will create a patient safety risk.

To learn more about Nursing process here

brainly.com/question/28100977

#SPJ4

10. What type of muscle tissue is involuntary, non-striated, and assists with peristalsis?
a. Cardiac
b. Epithelial
C. Skeletal
d. Smooth

Answers

the answer is D. Smooth.
D Is The Answer choose Smooth

A client with a history of depression says that since taking yoga classes, the depressive episodes have decreased. what should the nurse explain about yoga?

Answers

Exercise like yoga help increase the level of Serotonin in the body thus help in elevating the mood of the patient.

What is Serotonin?

A monoamine neurotransmitter is serotonin. It has a complicated and varied biological function that affects several physiological processes, including vomiting and vasoconstriction, as well as mood, cognition, reward, learning, and memory. The digestive tract creates 90% of the serotonin that the body makes.

According to biochemistry, the indoleamine molecule is created by the (rate-limiting) hydroxylation of the five positions on the ring (creating the intermediate 5-hydroxytryptophan), followed by decarboxylation to create serotonin. The enteric nervous system, which is part of the gastrointestinal tract, is where serotonin is first found (GI tract). The raphe nuclei in the brainstem, Merkel cells in the epidermis, pulmonary neuroendocrine cells, and taste receptor cells found in the tongue are all examples of locations in the central nervous system (CNS) where it is also generated.

Learn more about serotonin with the help of the given link:

https://brainly.com/question/25986155

#SPJ4

is this real or fake?! Do i have a chance? or am i paving waves…

Answers

Answer:

ssdfghj

Explanation:

dfghj

Answer: Yes this is real, ask any question and get

Explanation:

i need help please 10 points

Answers

What do you need help with?
what is it that you need help with

Which sign or symptom is the earliest indication that a patient with a stroke has increased intracranial pressure?

Answers

Restlessness is the earliest indication that a patient with a stroke has increased intracranial pressure.

What are the signs and symptoms of a stroke?

A stroke can result in death occasionally, as well as paralysis, loss of speech, memory, vision, and decreased cognition. To reduce damage to the brain tissue, it is essential that a stroke sufferer receive an examination and appropriate care as soon as possible.

Face, arm or leg suddenly become weak or numb, usually on one side of the body.sudden vision loss or dimness, especially in one eyespeech loss, difficulty comprehending or speaking, or bothsevere headaches that suddenly arises

Sudden spells of unprovoked dizziness or unsteadiness, or sudden episodes of trouble walking, especially when any of the previously listed symptoms are present.

Other less common symptoms of stroke may include sudden nausea or vomiting, fainting, confusion, seizures, or coma.

To know more about stroke, visit: https://brainly.com/question/22981327

#SPJ4

The heart has its own special covering, a loose-fitting inextensible sac called the?

Answers

The heart has its special covering, a loose-fitting inextensible sac called the pericardium.

What are functions of pericardium?

The pericardium has several vital roles:

It helps keep your heart fixed in location within your chest cavity.

It stops your heart from overstretching and filling up with blood.

It lubricates your heart to avoid friction with the tissues around it while it beats.

It safeguards your heart from any infections that can spread from surrounding organs like the lungs

The heart is encased in a delicate sac known as the pericardium. It keeps your heart in its proper position within your chest and protects and lubricates it. When the pericardium inflames or fills with fluid, issues may arise. Your heart's condition could worsen as a result of the swelling.

To learn more about pericardium, click on the link below –

https://brainly.com/question/1129052

#SPJ4

A public health nurse is assessing the community for health needs, health risks, and environmental problems that may affect health. how can the nurse best obtain this data?

Answers

The nurse can best gather this information by looking at community health statistics in public records.

The easiest way for a nurse to get this information is to search public databases for health statistics on the community, do a windshield survey of the community environment, interview residents, and survey state and federal policymakers.

What does a public health nurse do?

A nursing specialty devoted to public health is public health nursing, commonly referred to as community health nursing.

The primary goals of the work done by public health nurses are always the prevention of illness, accidents, and disability as well as the promotion and maintenance of population health.

What distinguishes a community health nurse from a public health nurse?

Despite serving the same demography, the goals of the two disciplines are different. Community members and individuals who are unable to seek medical attention are treated by public health nurses. To end healthcare disparities, community health nursing engages in lobbying and policy creation.

Learn more about public health nurse: https://brainly.com/question/15964190

#SPJ4

Other Questions
How do the methods employed by sex researchers contrast with those used by other social scientists? How was Florida affected by Hamilton Disston's plan to drain and restore the wetlands?New tourism destinations were created throughout the middle of the state.Northerners were convinced that they should settle elsewhere.More habitable land was created for agriculture practice and railroad development.More canals were created, which led to more flooding throughout the state than before. Nucleic acids are founds in prokaryotes without a nucleus. An example isplantsfungianimalsbacteria One student made the incomplete diagram shown below to represent the relationship between sediment, igneous rocks, and metamorphic rocks: three ovals, labeled from left to right, metamorphic rock, sediment, and igneous rocks respectively. Which of these is the correct next step to complete the diagram? Put an arrow labeled heat and melt, pointing from igneous rocks to sediment. Put an arrow labeled deposition and lithification, pointing from metamorphic rock to sediment.------------------------------------------------------------------ Put an arrow labeled cools and crystallizes, pointing from igneous rocks to sediments. Put an arrow labeled heat and pressure, pointing from sediment to metamorphic rock. Explain how the compression factor varies with pressure and temperature and describe how it reveals information about the intermolecular interactions in real gases. exercise 9-11a record bonds issued at a discount and related semiannual interest (lo9-5) skip to question [the following information applies to the questions displayed below.] on january 1, 2021, white water issues $600,000 of 7% bonds, due in 10 years, with interest payable semiannually on june 30 and december 31 each year. assuming the market interest rate on the issue date is 8%, the bonds will issue at $559,229. exercise 9-11a part 2 2. record the bond issue on january 1, 2021, and the first two semiannual interest payments on june 30, 2021, and december 31, 2021. C-banding is a pattern of staining using giemsa stain in which chromosomes show staining of? 75 POINTS!!!! Remember that Washingtons Farewell Address was written in 1797more than 200 years ago. Now that youve examined parts of it, do you think the points Washington made are still relevant today? Why or why not? Make sure to use evidence to support your argument. Your answer should be about 50 to 100 words. one-half the product of x andy By 12 months, toddlers generally can __________. a. brush their own teeth b. scribble vigorously c. draw a straight line d. copy a circle helo asapp THANK YOUUU a medicine ball has 10 J of energy and is thrown upward with a velocity of 2 m/s. what is its mass Which statement about exoplanets is true?(1 point)ResponsesThey only appear once before they disappear in space.They only appear once before they disappear in space.They are discovered when they dim a star they pass by.They are discovered when they dim a star they pass by.They are objects that are no longer considered planets.They are objects that are no longer considered planets.They can be detected by ordinary telescop Which policy change would likely increase voter turnout?a. literacy tests b. automatic voter registration c. poll taxes decreasing the number of polling places d. voter id laws PaigeREVIEW GOVERNMENTS AROUND"Use the Gateway to American Government text pages 389-4Name.Match the following statements to the correcttype of government.a. absolute monarchyb. constitutional monarchydirect democracyC.d. representative democracy1. A government in which the ruler and hisarmy forced people to obey.2. A New England town meeting whereevery adult citizen had a say in the makingprocess3. The United States is an example of thistype of government.4. The king is a ceremonial figurehead.5. Smaller countries would be more likelyto have this type of democratic decision-making model.6. The United Kingdom has this type ofgovernment.7. The first monarchies started out likethis and many later moved to limiting theking's authority.8. People are elected by the voters tomake decisions for the country.9 Real power is exercised by Parliament.10. If voters agree with theirrepresentatives' actions, they will re-electthem. If not, they will replace them at the nextelection.11. Look at the graphic below. Whattype of government system is it illustrating?15. Leadeset number cMatch the fcorrect systa. federalc. unitary16. State:most of thegovernmen17. Powgovernmengovernmer18. Thepower andwhole cous19. A cpowers amgovernmeregional g20. ALpopulationgovernm21. Logovernm Write the balanced formula and net ionic equation for the reaction that occurs when the contents of the two beakers are added together . what colors represent the spectator in each reaction? Synthesize It You are part of the biosphere. How will you interact with the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, and the geosphere today? Use a complete sentonce a student is provided with a battery-powered toy car that the manufacturer claims will always operate at a constant speed. the student must design an experiment in order to test the validity of the claim. which of the following measuring tools can the student use to test the validity of the claim? select two answers. Dr. le believes that humans behave in orderly ways, and it is possible to detect this orderliness. dr. le appears to believe in an assumption of science known as? f has a range of (-infinaty, 7),and a graph that is symmetricabout the line x = 3, and has aY-intercept of 4