Operant conditioning focuses on how external rewards and punishments affect voluntary behaviors.
This type of conditioning involves the concept of reinforcement and its opposite, punishment.
Reinforcement is when a reward is given after a desired behavior is demonstrated, while punishment is when a consequence is given after an undesired behavior is exhibited. Cognitive dissonance is when an individual holds two conflicting beliefs at the same time and must find a way to resolve the conflict.
Stimulus is a change in the environment or situation that can cause an organism to respond. The response is the action that is taken as a result of the stimulus. The learning of voluntary behaviors is when an organism learns to make a specific behavior based on the consequences that come from the environment.
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ted has always been a hard-driving, competitive individual. he talks fast, walks fast, eats fast, and gets angry fast. ted would likely be described as exhibiting the type behavior pattern.
Ted's behavior pattern can be described as a Type A behavior pattern.
This pattern is characterized by a strong sense of competitiveness, urgency, impatience, and a tendency to be easily angered or frustrated. People with Type A behavior patterns tend to be fast-paced and work hard to achieve their goals. They may also feel a sense of time urgency, often feeling like there is not enough time to accomplish everything they want to do.
While Type A behavior patterns can be beneficial in some situations, such as in high-pressure environments or when trying to achieve specific goals, they can also lead to negative consequences such as increased stress levels and a higher risk of heart disease. It's important for individuals with Type A behavior patterns to learn how to manage their stress levels and find healthy ways to cope with their competitive and driven nature.
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according to hamilton argument, what is the duty of the courts in a limited consittuion and how m ight that duty be impaired?
According to Alexander Hamilton's argument in Federalist No. 78, the duty of the courts in a limited constitution is to protect the constitution from encroachments by the legislative and executive branches of government.
This duty could be impaired if the courts did not have the power to judicially review legislation and executive acts to ensure they are in accordance with the constitution.
The Hamilton Agreement, also known as the Hamilton Convention, is a treaty signed by the United States and the United Kingdom in 1817. Named after Alexander Hamilton, the agreement regulated fishing rights and maritime boundaries between the two nations in the Atlantic Ocean. It established a shared fishing zone for American and British fishermen off the coast of Newfoundland, which helped to prevent disputes and conflicts over fishing resources.
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three students were applying to the same graduate school. they came from schools with different grading systems. which student had the best gpa when compared to his or her school?
The student with the best GP, when compared to his or her school, depends on the specific grading system the student is coming from.
Each school may have different ways of evaluating grades, so it is important to understand how each school is calculating GPA before determining who has the best GPA.
For example, some schools may use a 4.0 scale, while others may use a 5.0 scale or letter grades.
To answer the question, we need to know the exact grading systems from each school and then compare the GPA of each student from their respective schools.
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the accommodation conflict handling style is group of answer choices cooperative and unassertive. uncooperative and assertive. cooperative and assertive. uncooperative and unassertive.
Answer: The accommodation conflict handling style is a cooperative and unassertive style.
Conflict-handling styles are various ways that individuals use to deal with conflict. Conflict is unavoidable in our daily lives, whether it is at home, work, or school. There are five primary conflict-handling styles, including the following:
AccommodationCollaborationCompromiseAvoidanceCompetitionThe Accommodation style is a conflict-handling style that is used by individuals who are highly cooperative but unassertive. It is also known as the "let it go" style because it entails putting the needs and concerns of others first over one's own. The primary objective of this style is to maintain positive relationships, avoid disagreements, and provide satisfaction to others.
Therefore, option A is correct, i.e., cooperative and unassertive.
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what includes threats, negative remarks, or defamatory comments transmitted via the internet or posted on the website?
The threats, negative remarks, or defamatory comments transmitted via the internet or posted on a website are commonly referred to as cyberbullying.
Cyberbullying can take many forms, such as sending hurtful messages, sharing embarrassing photos or videos, spreading rumors, or impersonating someone online.
Cyberbullying can cause emotional distress, anxiety, and depression, and can even lead to physical harm. It is important to take steps to prevent cyberbullying, such as educating yourself and others on the issue, reporting any incidents to the appropriate authorities, and seeking help if you or someone you know is being targeted.
In summary, cyberbullying involves any form of online harassment or abuse, and it is important to recognize and address this issue to ensure the safety and well-being of all individuals involved.
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Which statement best completes the chart?
OA. The U.S. government requires factories to scale back production.
OB. The U.S. government establishes a price floor for manufactured goods.
OC. The U.S. government purchases surplus factory outputs.
OD. The U.S. government seeks foreign markets for American goods.
The U.S. government seeks foreign markets for American goods best completes the chart.
What is foreign markets?Foreign markets refer to the buying and selling of goods and services between countries, and are a key part of international business. They involve the exchange of different currencies, which can be subject to fluctuating exchange rates and other market forces. Companies that participate in foreign markets often do so to increase their sales and profits, as well as to gain access to new markets and customers. Companies may also enter foreign markets in order to diversify their portfolios, get access to new technologies or resources, or to reduce costs. Foreign markets can be risky, however, as they involve unfamiliar countries and cultures, and may require additional legal, language and cultural knowledge. Overall, foreign markets can be a great way for companies to increase their global presence, gain access to new opportunities, and increase their business success.
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according to consensus research, in which direction do pain signals travel to contribute to the experience of pain?
Consensus research suggests that pain signals travel from the site of injury or inflammation along nerve fibers to the spinal cord and up to the brain, contributing to the experience of pain.
However, recent research has also emphasized the role of psychological and social factors in pain perception, indicating that pain is a complex and multifaceted experience.
According to consensus research, pain signals travel from the site of the injury or inflammation along nerve fibers to the spinal cord and then up to the brain, where they are interpreted and contribute to the experience of pain. This is known as the "bottom-up" theory of pain perception, which suggests that pain is primarily a physical sensation resulting from tissue damage or inflammation, and is transmitted through the nervous system. However, recent research has also highlighted the role of psychological and social factors in pain perception, indicating that pain is a complex and multifaceted experience.
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The pelvis bone functions as an attachment point for legs. So, the pelvis bone found in dolphins is
jane, your teenage daughter, was ridiculed at school for wearing a particular style of shirt. now, she no longer wears that style of shirt to school. being ridiculed is an example of
Jane, your teenage daughter, endured taunts at school because she was sporting a specific clothing design. She stopped wearing that kind of shirt to school recently. One type of punishment is being made fun of.
Which is an example of negative reinforcement?A child cries and refuses to eat her vegetables at dinnertime. Her parents swiftly remove the problematic vegetables. This is an example of negative reinforcement because the behaviour (pouting) caused the aversive stimulus (the vegetables) to be removed.
What is a good illustration of negative reinforcement?A young child whines and sulks when it is time for dinner because she wants her vegetables. The offending vegetables are swiftly removed by her parents. This is an example of negative reinforcement because the behaviour (pouting) resulted in the elimination of the disagreeable stimulus (the vegetables).
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describe a topic, idea or activity that you find so engaging that it makes you lose track of time. why does it consume you? esays
I find exploring the wonders of nature and the beauty of our planet engaging and captivating. I lose track of time while studying the delicate balance of ecosystems and the complex web of interactions that make up the biodiversity of our world.
I am drawn to the natural sciences, in particular ecology and evolutionary biology, because it is a constantly changing field with new and exciting discoveries being made every day. It is endlessly fascinating to observe and study the intricate processes of evolution, adaptation and survival in the animal and plant kingdom.
I am also mesmerized by the small details of nature - the incredible diversity of species and the fascinating way in which they are adapted to their environment.
I am passionate about learning more about the natural world and how it functions, as well as being an active advocate for its conservation and protection. Every new piece of information I learn helps me appreciate the planet we inhabit and the importance of preserving its beauty for future generations.
Studying and understanding the science behind nature helps me develop a deep appreciation for the interconnectedness of life on Earth and the impact that humans have on our planet. It is a captivating and ongoing exploration and I always enjoy getting lost in the wonders of the natural world.
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what is the rule in the house that prevents a representative from being able to attach a rider to a bill.
A rider is an unrelated amendment or policy attached to a bill that is voted on as part of the bill. The rule states that any amendments that are voted on must be "germane," or directly related to the original bill.
This means that any amendments added must directly relate to the bill's primary purpose and cannot be used to promote unrelated agendas. In order to be considered germane, any amendment must satisfy three criteria:
(1) the amendment must directly address the same subject matter of the bill, (2) the amendment must not change the purpose of the original bill, and (3) the amendment must not add new subject matter. If the amendment does not meet all three criteria, it will not be considered germane and therefore will not be accepted by the House.
This rule is important because it prevents legislators from including unrelated policy changes in a bill that may be unpopular with other members, thereby avoiding legislative gridlock. By requiring members to be more focused in their legislative efforts, it encourages debate on the merits of a bill and allows for the passage of legislation that reflects the views of the majority.
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kelsey is consistently optimistic, talkative, and impulsive. each of these characteristics most clearly represents a group of answer choices self-serving bias. self-concept. fixation. defense mechanism. trait.
Kelsey's consistent traits of optimism, talkativeness, and impulsivity represent a set of personality traits that are relatively stable and enduring over time.
Personality traits are patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving that are relatively consistent across different situations and contexts.
Optimism is a personality trait that is characterized by a general expectation that things will turn out well in the future. People who are optimistic tend to have a positive outlook on life and are more likely to bounce back from setbacks and difficulties.
Talkativeness is a personality trait that is characterized by a tendency to talk a lot and be expressive. People who are talkative tend to be outgoing, sociable, and enjoy interacting with others. They may have a tendency to dominate conversations and be seen as extroverted.
Impulsivity is a personality trait that is characterized by a tendency to act on impulse without considering the consequences of one's actions. People who are impulsive tend to be spontaneous, adventurous, and take risks more readily. However, they may also be more prone to making rash decisions and engaging in risky behaviors.
In summary, Kelsey's consistent traits of optimism, talkativeness, and impulsivity are all examples of personality traits that can be used to describe someone's unique pattern of thinking, feeling, and behaving. These traits can be useful for understanding Kelsey's behavior and predicting how she might respond to different situations over time.
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dean and emma are nonidentical twins separated at birth and brought up in different households. their iq scores are most likely
Dean and Emma are nonidentical twins separated at birth and brought up in different households. Their IQ scores are most likely to be different.
IQ scores are largely determined by genetic factors, but they can also be influenced by environmental factors such as nutrition, stress, and education. When nonidentical twins are separated and brought up in different households, they are exposed to different environments that can impact their IQ scores in different ways. As a result, nonidentical twins are not expected to have identical IQ scores, even if they share some genetic similarities.
Consequently, we can conclude that Dean and Emma's IQ scores are most likely different because they are nonidentical twins raised in different households.
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what do we call the system of human communication based on a set of symbols and signs with learned and shared meanings?
The system of human communication based on a set of symbols and signs with learned and shared meanings is called language.
Language has been a crucial part of human communication since its earliest history, allowing us to exchange ideas, concepts and emotions. It is used to create art, literature, religion, and political systems, and is the cornerstone of society. Language is the most powerful tool we have to convey meaning, build relationships, and form societies.
Language is dynamic and constantly evolving, as new words are created and old ones are forgotten. It is also highly diverse, with over 6,500 spoken languages worldwide. Language is an important part of our shared human experience and is essential for human communication and connection.
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which kind of structure for interest groups have some studies shown may be more engaging for members and more influential on policy at multiple levels?
The kind of structure for interest groups that some studies have shown to be more engaging for members and more influential on policy at multiple levels is called the grassroots structure.
What are interest groups?An interest group, often known as a lobbying group, advocacy group, or pressure group, is a collection of individuals who have similar concerns and goals that they seek to achieve through lobbying, advocacy, or direct action.
Interest groups are crucial in democratic systems because they provide a way for people to express their views on public policy issues outside of the formal political arena (elections, political parties, government institutions).
Influence of interest groups on policy:
Interest groups use a variety of tactics to exert influence on government policy, including direct lobbying of government officials, advocacy campaigns that target the public, participation in administrative rulemaking, and court challenges to policy.
By utilizing these strategies, interest groups can exert significant influence on government policy at all levels, from local to national.
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when experiencing a happy moment like a birthday party, we integrate the sounds, smells, tastes, and emotions into a singular event. this process is called .
When experiencing a happy moment like a birthday party, we integrate the sounds, smells, tastes, and emotions into a singular event. This process is called Sensory integration.
Sensory integration refers to the way in which the brain receives, organizes, and interprets sensory information from various sensory systems. It is the process by which sensory information from the body and the environment is processed and organized to facilitate learning and behaviour.
It involves the ability to integrate information from multiple sensory systems to create a meaningful and coherent experience. The sensory systems involved in sensory integration include the visual system, auditory system, tactile system, olfactory system, and gustatory system.
The process of sensory integration allows us to understand and interpret the world around us. It enables us to interact with our environment, communicate with others, and learn new skills. It also plays an important role in emotional regulation, as sensory input can have a significant impact on our mood and emotional state.
When we experience a happy moment like a birthday party, our brain processes the sensory information associated with the event, including the sounds, smells, tastes, and emotions, to create a cohesive and meaningful experience. This process of sensory integration allows us to remember the event and associate positive emotions with it. In this way, sensory integration plays a crucial role in our ability to experience and remember happy moments.
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jones and smith live across the street from each other in a subdivision that has deed restrictions prohibiting the keeping of large animals as pets. jones realizes that smith is keeping a pet shetland pony in the backyard. jones can:
Jones can: enforce the deed restriction against smith via lawsuit
If Jones learns that Smith is keeping a pet shetland pony in the backyard in violation of the deed restrictions, Jones has several options, including:
Getting in touch with the Homeowners Association (HOA): The HOA is in charge of upholding the deed restrictions and has the authority to take action against Smith if he disobeys them. Jones can inform the HOA of the violation and request an investigation.
Speaking with Smith: Jones is able to speak with Smith directly and explain the deed limitations and how keeping a pet shetland pony is against the law. Smith might not be aware of the limitations or might have misunderstood them, and a cordial discussion could help to fix the situation.
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arvin has suffered from depression for several years since graduating college. why would his therapist worry that previous depressive episodes might have set the stage for future eating disorders?
Tryptophan in the brain affects the neurotransmitters levels. Consumption of diets low in carbohydrate tends to precipitate depression, since the production of brain chemicals serotonin and tryptophan that promote the feeling of well being, is triggered by carbohydrate rich foods.
according to the authors, it is inappropriate in a democratic society for racial prejudice to influence public policy. why is this?
Answer: prejudice and race relations more generally. I begin with the basic patterns of public opinion on racial
Explanation:
the stomach has ________
Answer: digestive enzymes, hydrochloric acid, mucus, and bicarbonate.
Explanation: goblet cells in the mucosa secrete large quantities of protective mucus that line the mucosal surface
a 22-year-old college student is struggling. they are not sure they are taking courses that interest them or fit what they want to do. they begin to withdraw from friends and family. based on erikson, what is this individual experiencing?
Based on Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the 22-year-old college student may be experiencing a crisis related to the stage of identity vs. role confusion.
According to Erikson, the stage of identity vs. role confusion occurs during adolescence and young adulthood, typically between the ages of 12 and 18, but can extend into the early 20s. During this stage, individuals are faced with the task of developing a sense of identity and a clear understanding of who they are as individuals.
If an individual is not able to successfully resolve this crisis, they may experience confusion and uncertainty about their identity, leading to feelings of isolation, social withdrawal, and difficulty forming intimate relationships.
In the scenario provided, the college student is struggling with their courses and feeling unsure about their future goals, which could indicate that they are experiencing a crisis related to identity development. Their withdrawal from friends and family may also be a sign of social isolation, which can further exacerbate feelings of confusion and uncertainty.
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frank's father tells him to stay out of his home office. frank obeys his father because he doesn't want to get spanked. frank is in what stage of moral reasoning?
Frank's father tells him to stay out of his home office. Frank obeys his father because he doesn't want to get spanked. Frank is in the stage of pre-conventional moral reasoning.
Moral reasoning is a method for determining what is right and wrong in a certain circumstance. It's the process of making decisions about what's good and bad, right and wrong, based on a sense of values. Moral reasoning includes not only logical thinking but also emotional aspects such as empathy, compassion, and the ability to consider other people's viewpoints.
There are three stages of moral reasoning:
PreconventionalConventionalPostconventional.Preconventional moral reasoning is the first of three stages of moral reasoning, and it typically occurs during the childhood and preadolescent periods. In this stage, moral thinking is dominated by rules and consequences. Preconventional morality is characterized by obedience and punishment orientation and self-interest orientation. This stage is characterized by a desire to avoid punishment or gain a reward. At this level, children will follow rules that are backed by a threat of punishment, and they will break rules only if there is no punishment involved.
Therefore, it is clear that Frank is in the stage of pre-conventional moral reasoning because he obeys his father only to avoid punishment or spanking.
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karl marx would argue that the types of social institutionas ina soceity were a result of the economic makeup of that society max weber however argued that
Explanation:
Max Weber and Karl Marx had different views on the relationship between social institutions and the economy.
Karl Marx believed that the economic structure of a society was the primary determinant of the social institutions that developed within it. He argued that the dominant class in a society would shape its political and cultural institutions to maintain their power and protect their economic interests. Marx believed that capitalism was the driving force behind the development of modern institutions, and that its economic structure shaped everything from family relations to the legal system.
Max Weber, on the other hand, argued that social institutions were influenced by a variety of factors, including not only economic but also cultural, political, and historical factors. Weber believed that ideas and values played a significant role in shaping society and that cultural values and norms could be just as important as economic forces in shaping social institutions. For example, Weber argued that religion played a crucial role in shaping the values and norms of society, which in turn shaped its political and economic institutions.
a minority of couples had higher levels of marital happiness after children were born. there were eight qualities associated with these couples, according to wilcox. discuss the role of faith in families and how this quality affects these relationships. what other factors are consistent with your belief in faith-based marriages? what qualities would you least expect from the faith-based families?
The role of faith in families and how this quality affects these relationships Faith has a crucial role in maintaining a family's bond and ensuring that family values are upheld, which is why it is highly valued in families. Faith and spiritual values are shown to aid in the growth and preservation of family bonds.
A couple's faith and dedication to religious institutions like church attendance can affect their marriage's longevity and level of satisfaction. A minority of couples had higher levels of marital happiness after children were born. There were eight qualities associated with these couples, according to Wilcox.
These couples possessed these traits:- They had a shared commitment to high levels of economic and educational achievement.- They place a premium on hard work and sacrifice in both their professional and personal lives.- They emphasize time spent with family and shared leisure activities.-
They place a premium on their spouse's emotional and physical well-being.- They value and support their children's educational and extracurricular endeavors.- They consistently attend religious services and express a shared commitment to their faith and its teachings.-
They exhibit personal responsibility, emotional control, and communication skills.- They display generosity, kindness, and a commitment to serving others in their community. What other factors are consistent with your belief in faith-based marriages?
According to my belief in faith-based marriages, factors such as communication, personal responsibility, emotional control, and kindness are consistent. A faith-based marriage is built on trust, mutual respect, and love. Both partners should have open communication and work together to solve problems.
What qualities would you least expect from the faith-based families? I would least expect qualities such as infidelity, drug abuse, disrespect, dishonesty, and lack of communication from faith-based families. These qualities violate the fundamental principles of a faith-based marriage, which values honesty, loyalty, and communication.
Faith-based families believe in building a lasting relationship, and infidelity, drug abuse, or dishonesty would undermine their marriage's foundation.
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true or false? children who have problems in one mode of communication (e.g., either auditory or visual) often have problems in another mode.
The given statement "Children who have problems in one mode of communication (e.g., either auditory or visual) often have problems in another mode" is True.
Children who have problems in one mode of communication (for example, either auditory or visual) often have problems in another mode.
The learning activities of some students may be affected as a result of a hearing or visual disorder. Speech comprehension and language expression can be severely affected by a hearing impairment. Because children depend on their vision to learn, any visual impairment can have significant effects on learning.
Learning may be slowed as a result of difficulty focusing or maintaining attention, as well as problems with reading, writing, or mathematics. The impacts of auditory or visual disorders are frequently intertwined and interconnected, causing difficulties in both areas.
Signs of possible auditory or visual impairments may be displayed by children, and these signs may indicate a possible issue with learning or attention, according to educators. Students who exhibit some or all of these signs should be evaluated by an appropriate professional.
Hearing and vision disorders can usually be treated effectively if they are detected early enough.
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A researcher fails to inform subjects about the risks and benefits of being in a focus group. Which of the following describes the ethical principle violated by the researcher?
Respect for persons
The ethical principle violated by the researcher when they fail to inform subjects about the risks and benefits of being in a focus group is Respect for persons.
Respect for persons is an ethical principle that demands that human research participants are treated as individuals who are capable of making their own choices and decisions. It emphasizes the importance of individual autonomy and dignity in human research.
When this principle is applied, researchers must inform research participants about the study and obtain their informed consent to participate. This informed consent process includes providing information about the purpose of the study, potential risks and benefits, and the right to withdraw from the study at any time.
Respect for persons is violated if a researcher fails to inform research participants about the study or manipulates them into participating without their knowledge or consent.
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1to document that the research participant has voluntarily agreed to participate in the study, the research participant must:
A document containing the consent for the research must be signed by the study participant. An approach to a particular method in which the participants and the researchers are equally impacted by the specific study.
How does the authorization form function?
The TCLE serves to convey the researcher's regard for ethics in the creation of the work while also clarifying and protecting the study subject and the researcher. Two copies of the TCLE must be created, one for the study subject and one for the researcher.
Using this knowledge, we may infer that the patient must sign a consent form before the research can be conducted. In a double-blind study, neither the research subjects nor the researchers are aware of whether they are receiving the therapy or a placebo. Is a technique of the scientific method used to stop observer bias or the placebo effect from influencing study outcomes.
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dr. myers changed some of the data in a study because he thought that it didn't fit with the rest of the data. he didn't mean any harm, but there is a problem. if he doesn't disclose the fact that he changed the data he could be guilty of
If Dr. Myers doesn't disclose the fact that he changed the data he could be guilty of workplace misconduct.
Any behaviour that breaches the code of conduct or other guidelines describing how employees must behave at work is known to as workplace misconduct. These could involve actions taken while working that are immoral, rude, or even unlawful. These actions could range from little things to significant infractions of business rules. It is improper employee behaviour that's unsuitable for the workplace.
Misconduct is when a worker engages in improper conduct or takes improper action that violates workplace rules. Examples of improper behaviour include taunting, physical harm, and work refusal .Theft, verbal violence, wilful negligence, or brazen disobedience are all examples of extreme misbehaviour. As long as you stick to a fair method, you can fire an employee who has participated in extreme misbehaviour right away.
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according to the chapter discussion of the patty hearst case, for what reason had she beeen kidnapped?
According to the chapter discussion of the Patty Hearst case, she was kidnapped due to her family's wealth and social status. The kidnappers, a left-wing extremist group called the Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA), demanded a $70 million ransom from her wealthy family.
What was the Patty Hearst case?The Patty Hearst case is a high-profile case in which Patty Hearst, an American newspaper heiress, was kidnapped by a left-wing extremist group called the Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA) in 1974. The group demanded a $70 million ransom from Hearst's wealthy family. Patty Hearst was kidnapped due to her family's wealth and social status.
What was the reason for her kidnapping?As previously stated, Patty Hearst was kidnapped due to her family's wealth and social status. The kidnappers, the Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA), were a left-wing extremist group who saw the Hearst family as a symbol of everything that was wrong with American society. The SLA demanded that the Hearst family donate $70 million worth of food to the poor in exchange for Patty's release, but the Hearst family refused.
What happened to Patty Hearst after she was kidnapped?After Patty Hearst was kidnapped, she was held captive by the SLA for several months. During this time, the SLA brainwashed her and convinced her to join their cause. Patty Hearst became a member of the SLA and participated in several of their illegal activities, including a bank robbery. She was eventually arrested and charged with her crimes, but her sentence was commuted by President Jimmy Carter. Patty Hearst was later pardoned by President Bill Clinton.
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44. lenny is diagnosed with schizophrenia. he will often remain completely motionless for long periods of time. he almost looks as if he is imitating a store mannequin or a statue. lenny's behavior is most consistent with
Lenny's behavior is most consistent with the symptom of catatonia, which is a motor disturbance associated with schizophrenia. Catatonia involves a decrease in motor activity, including remaining completely motionless for long periods of time, like a store mannequin or a statue.
A symptom of schizophrenia called "catatonia." Catatonia can involve a range of motor symptoms, including immobility, repetitive or purposeless movements, posturing, and mutism. Lenny's behavior of remaining motionless for long periods of time is characteristic of catatonic stupor, which is a type of catatonia. This symptom can occur in various psychiatric disorders, but it is most commonly associated with schizophrenia.
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