Answer
101.3 mL
Explanation
Given:
The initial temperature, T₁ = 148.5 °C = (148.5°C + 273) = 421.5 K
The initial volume, V₁ = 241.8 mL
Final temperature, T₂ = -96.4 °C = (-96.4°C + 273) = 176.6 K
What to find:
The final volume of the gas.
Step-by-step solution:
The final volume, V₂ of the gas can be calculated using Charle's law formula.
[tex]\begin{gathered} \frac{V_1}{T_1}=\frac{V_2}{T_2} \\ \\ \Rightarrow V_2=\frac{V_1\times T_2}{T_1}=\frac{241.8mL\times176.6K}{421.5K}=\frac{42701.88\text{ }mL}{421.5} \\ \\ V_2=101.3\text{ }mL \end{gathered}[/tex]The final volume of the gas is 101.3 mL
What is the relationship between n, ℓ, and the total number of nodes?
The number of planar nodes = ℓ.
The number of spherical nodes = n - ℓ - 1.
The relationship between n, ℓ, and the total number of nodes is given by the expression; Number of spherical nodes = n - ℓ - 1.
What is the number of nodes?The number of nodes has to do with the points on the orbital where there is a zero electron density. It is the points along the orbital where there re no electrons. Recall that the orbitals are the regions in space where there is a high probability of finding an electron.
There are various orbitals and the number of nodes of each of the orbitals does vary. The s orbital has no nodes while the p orbital is known to have one node.
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In the reaction of 2Mg + O2 →2MgO
How many moles of O2 are required to react with 14 moles of Mg?
Answer:
Explanation:The given reaction is
It is an example of an oxidation reaction because in the above reaction, is getting oxidized to form .
Also, it is a type of combination reaction because magnesium reacts with oxygen to form a single product i.e. Magnesium oxide.
After centrifugation of the sample, the student was not careful and some of the solid was transferred to the Erlenmeyer flask along with the liquid (supernatant). How is this mistake expected to affect the mass of the limiting reactant in the unknown mixture used?
The fact that some of the solid was transferred would decrease the mass of the limiting reactant.
What is the limiting reactant?We know that in a chemical reaction, there are at least two substances that are combined in order to give the product of the reaction. We also know that the product that we obtain must be in accordance to the stoichiometry of the reaction.
It is common to see that one of the reactants would be present in a very large amount while the other reactant would be present only in quite a small amount. The reactant that is present in a small amount is said to be the limiting reactant while the one that is present in the large amount is said to be the reactant that is in excess.
Having said this, we know that the mass of the limiting reactant can be obtained from the mass of the solid that is obtained after the reaction.
If we do not take out all of the solid from the centrifuge, the mass would not be accurately weighed and the mass of the limiting reactant would not be accurately determined.
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Calculate the energy and wavelength of a photon with a frequency of 11.23 * 10^13 Hz
The wavelength and the energy would be2.67 × 10⁻⁴ meters and 7.02998 × 10 ⁻²⁰ Joules and respectively if the photon has a frequency of 11.23 × 10¹³ Hz.
What is Wavelength?It can be understood in terms of the distance between any two similar successive points across any wave.
C = λν
As given in the problem we have to calculate the energy and the wavelength of a photon with a frequency of 11.23 × 10¹³ Hz.
The wavelength of the photon = 3 × 10 ⁸ / 11.23 × 10¹³ Hz.
= 2.67 × 10⁻⁴ meter
The energy of the photon of light = h × ν
= 6.26 × 10⁻³⁴ × 11.23 × 10¹³ Hz.
= 7.02998 × 10 ⁻²⁰ Joules
Thus, the wavelength and the energy would be 2.67 × 10⁻⁴ meter and 7.02998 × 10 ⁻²⁰ Joules and respectively if the photon has a frequency of 1.1 × 10¹⁷ Hz.
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stomach acid has a pH of 1 and tomatoes have a pH of 4. How many times stronger than tomatoes is stomach acid?
We must take into account the definition of pH, and this represents the concentration of H+ ions([H+]). It can be defined with the following equation:
[tex]pH=-\log \lbrack H^+\rbrack[/tex]To determine how many times the acid is stronger than the tomato, we must calculate the concentration of H+ ions for each pH value, to do so we clear [H+] from the previous equation:
[tex]\lbrack H^+\rbrack=10^{-pH}[/tex]Now we substitute each pH value into the equation:
[tex]\begin{gathered} \lbrack H^+\rbrack_{StomachAcid}=10^{-1} \\ \lbrack H^+\rbrack_{\text{Tomatoes}}=10^{-4} \end{gathered}[/tex]Therefore we will have to:
[tex]\frac{\lbrack H^+\rbrack_{StomachAcid}}{\lbrack H^+\rbrack_{\text{Tomatoes}}}=\frac{10^{-1}}{10^{-4}}=\frac{1}{10^{-3}}=10^3=1000[/tex]Therefore, stomach acid will be 1000 times stronger than the tomatoes.
4. You have 500 grams of MgF2. If a 3 M solution is desired, how many Liters must be present?
They give us the grams of solute and the molarity of the solution. To find the liters we must take into account the definition of molarity. Molarity is defined as:
[tex]Molarity=\frac{MolesSolute}{Lsolution}[/tex]The definition of molarity asks us for the moles of solute, so we must pass the grams that give us to moles. For them, we divide the 500 grams by the molar mass of MgF2. The molar mass of MgF2 is 62.3018g/mol.
The moles of MgF2 will be:
[tex]\begin{gathered} molMgF_2=GivengMgF_2\times\frac{1molMgF_2}{MolarMass,gMgF_2} \\ molMgF_2=500gMgF_2\times\frac{1molMgF_2}{62.3018gMgF_2}=8.03molMgF_2 \end{gathered}[/tex]Now, we find the liters of solution:
[tex]\begin{gathered} Lsolution=\frac{MolesSolute}{Molarity} \\ Lsolution=\frac{8.03mol}{3M}=\frac{8.03mol}{3mol/L} \\ Lsolution=3L \end{gathered}[/tex]Answer: It must be present 3L of solution
How many kilojoules are required to melt 15g of ice at 0 degrees celsius and raise the temperature of the liquid that forms to 85 degrees celsius.
The amount of heat, in kilojoules, that is required to melt 15 g of ice at 0 degrees Celsius and raise the temperature of the liquid to 85 degrees Celsius is 10.3178 kJ.
Heat changeThe process involves melting of ice at 0 degrees Celsius and then heating the resulting water to a temperature of 85 degrees Celsius.
Solid water is first converted to liquid water without a change in temperature.Liquid water is heated without a change of state to 85 degrees Celsius.Now, let's calculate the heat change of the process:
Heat change (ΔH) = n x heat of fusion) + mcΔt
Where n = number of moles
m = mass = 15 g
c = specific heat capacity of water = 4.81 J/g[tex]^oC[/tex]
heat of fusion = 6010 J/mole
In this case, n = mass/molar mass
= 15/18
= 0.83 moles
ΔH = (0.83 x 6010) + 15 x 4.81 x (85 - 0)
= 10317.8 Joules
But 1000 Joules = 1 kilojoules
Thus, 10317.8 joules = 10.3178 kJ
The kilojoule of heat required to melt the ice and raise the temperature of the resulting water to 85 degrees Celsius is 10.3178 kJ.
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What is the answer for this? I know how to solve it but want to make sure it is correct? (Number 9)
The IUPAC name of the structure (9) is 4-ethyl-2,3-dimethyl-heptane.
What are the steps of IUPAC nomenclature?The first step is to select the longest, most substituted carbon chain containing a functional group is chosen. Then the identification of the primary suffix indicates the degree of saturation such as 'ane' or 'ene.
Then the identification of the secondary suffix indicates the functional group present in the molecule which depends on the number of occurrences of the same functional group such as di. tri tetra etc. Carbon atoms in the carbon chain are numbered from the reactive end of the molecule where the functional group is present.
In the given structure the longest carbon chain of seven carbon atoms. The methyl groups are present at the second and third position and the ethyl group is present at the fourth position. All the bonds in the structure are single bonds so the suffix is 'ane'. Therefore, the IUPAC name is 4-ethyl-2,3-dimethyl-heptane.
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What is the name of the product formed by the reaction of propylide ion and 2-chloropropane?
Chapter 6 Question 34 - AlgorithmicThe element that has a valence configuration of 3s2 3p6 is ________.- Choices:ArRnKrNeXe
We have to remember the rules to determine to which period and which group belongs an element, depending on its electronic configuration:
We always have to see the last level of energy, in this case is 3 (the highest number in the electronic configuration). It determines the period (the horizontal lines)
Now, we have to see the last letter which is with the 3, in this case the letter is p. It determines that the element is part of the A groups of the periodic table, also called the representative groups. In case of ending in d, it means that the element belongs to the transition metals. And trhe last possibility is ending in f, it means that the element belongs to the lanthanides and actinides.
The last thing, is to add up the valence electrons. Those are the ones in the last energy level, that as we mentioned before, it is 3 in this case. So, we have to add up, the exponents of the different letters that are in the last energy level. In this particular case, are the 2 and the 6, which is equal to 8.
So, we have to search in the periodic table, the element which is in the period 3, group VIII A. If we go, we will find it is the argon (Ar)
In paragraph format explain how the energy from Sun gets heats the water in tank. The explanation is based on the concept of atoms (or particles) of matter and the heat transfer (conduction, convection and radiation)
The energy from the sun heats up the water in the tank by convection and radiation.
What is heat transfer?We know that heat is that which is able to effect a temperature change in an object. Now, we know that there are three forms of heat transfer and these are;
1) Conduction
2) Convection
3) Radiation
Now, we know that radiation is the movement of heat without a medium of propagation. Heat from the sun reaches the tank by radiation. The molecules that are at the surface are first heated up and sink down while the heavier particles below move up. This is called convection.
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What is the mass in grams of aluminum metal (26.98 g/mol) that reacts to form 2.80 g of iron (55.85 g/mol)?
3 FeO (l) + 2 Al (l) → 3 Fe (l) + 1 Al2O3
Starting with 0.450 g of potassium chlorate (molar mass 122.55 g/mol), a student determined that the reaction released 0.156 g of oxygen gas. Calculate the percent yield for O2.
2 KCIO3 (s) → 2KCl (s) + 3 O2
The mass of aluminum metal that reacts to form 2.80 g of iron according to the reaction would be 0.9017 g.
The percent yield of the reaction if 0.450 g of potassium chlorate reacts according to the equation would be 87.05%.
Yield of reactionsConsider the first reaction:
[tex]3 FeO (l) + 2 Al (l) -- > 3 Fe (l) + 1 Al_2O_3[/tex]
The mole ratio of Al and Fe is 2:3.
2.80 g of Fe = 2.8/55.85
= 0.0501 moles
Equivalent mole of Al = 2/3 x 0.0501
= 0.0334 moles
Mass of 0.0334 moles Al = 0.0334 x 26.98
= 0.9017 g
Consider the second reaction:
[tex]2 KCIO_3 (s) -- > 2KCl (s) + 3 O_2[/tex]
The mole ratio of potassium chlorate to oxygen is 2:3.
Mole of 0.450 g potassium chlorate = 0.450/122.55
= 0.0037 moles
Equivalent moles of oxygen = 3/2 x 0.0037
= 0.0056 moles
Mass of 0.0056 moles oxygen = 0.0056 x 32
= 0.1792 g
Percent yield = 0.156/0.1792 x 100
= 87.05%
In other words, the mass of aluminum metal that reacts in the first reaction would be 0.9017 g while the percent yield of the second reaction is 87.05%.
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Explain what you are observing in the containers. When referencing charts(Graphs) indicate which parameters would be the control, the dependent and or the independent variable. how does this experiment relate to our planet. What is being released from the baking soda.
The gas bubbles you see exists made of carbon dioxide, which exists released when baking soda and vinegar react to balance each other out.
What does baking soda do in experiments?Alkaline baking soda combines with acids like vinegar to produce water and carbon dioxide (a gas). The resulting fizz is fantastic entertainment for kids to watch, especially if you combine it with dish soap to create even more bubbles or if you add some food coloring, ice, or a theme.
The gas bubbles you see are made of carbon dioxide, which exists released when baking soda and vinegar react to balance each other out (vinegar exists an acid and baking soda is an alkali).
The project's objective is to demonstrate the potency of the gas created when vinegar and baking soda are combined. The goal is for the balloon to be blown up by the gas created.
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8.In the equation 2 NH3 + H2O + CO2 ---> (NH4)2CO3, which of the following is a product?Select one:a. CO2 b. H2O c. NH3 d. (NH4)2CO3
According to the explanation given in a previous session, the compounds that comes after the arrow are classified as product, and the compounds that comes before are classified as reactant, therefore in this reaction, (NH4)2CO3 is the product of the reaction, letter D
Determine which of the following electron configurations are not valid:
1.) 1s²2s²2p 3s 3p 4s²4d¹04p5
2.) 1s²2s²2p 3s³3d5
3.) [Ra] 7s²5f8
4.) [Kr] 5s24d105p5
The electron configurations that are not valid among the options are 1s²2s²2p 3s 3p 4s²4d¹04p5 and 1s²2s²2p 3s³3d5. Options 1 and 2.
Electron configurationsThe electron configuration of atoms using the various orbital levels follows the order: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p.
Also, according to Afbau principle, orbitals with low energy levels are filled with electrons before orbitals with higher energy levels.
Using the above, 1s²2s²2p 3s 3p 4s²4d¹04p5 is incorrect for some reasons:
4d, a higher energy level orbital, comes before 4p. 3s and 3p, lower energy level orbitals have no electrons in them while higher energy level orbitals have electrons in them.1s²2s²2p 3s³3d5 is incorrect because:
a lower energy level orbital, 2p is not filled before a higher energy orbital, 3s.3p and 4s orbitals should come before 3d orbital.The remaining electron configurations are correct with correctly placed electrons in the various orbitals.
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Consider the following reaction in the forward direction. Identify the base:
CH₃O⁻ + H₂O ⇌ CH₃OH + OH⁻
If we consider the reaction CH₃O⁻ + H₂O ⇌ CH₃OH + OH⁻ in the forward direction, the base in the reaction is CH₃O⁻
A compound can be acidic, basic or neutral in nature. Basicity of the compound is determined when it either releases hydroxide ions, donates electrons or else accepts the protons from a compound.
In the reaction CH₃O⁻ + H₂O ⇌ CH₃OH + OH⁻:
CH₃O⁻ accepts proton or [H+] ion to become CH₃OH. Thus, CH₃O⁻ is the base in the reaction
H₂O donate [H+] ion or proton, therefore H2O change into OH-. Thus, H₂O is an acid in the reaction.
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How many moles of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) are present in 0.085 L of a 0.23 M ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) solution?
Answer:
No. of moles [tex]\approx[/tex] 0.020
Explanation:
To calculate the number of moles of a substance in a solution given its concentration and volume, we use the following formula:
[tex]\boxed{\mathrm{No. \ of \ moles = Concentration \times Volume}}[/tex],
where concentration is in mol/dm³ (or M) and volume is in L.
In the question, we are told that the volume of the solution is 0.085 L and that its concentration is 0.23 M. Substituting these values into the formula above, we get:
No. of moles = 0.23 × 0.085
= 0.01955
[tex]\approx[/tex] 0.020 mol (3 s.f.)
Therefore, there are 0.020 moles of NH₄NO₃ in the solution.
Select all possible problems associated with using nuclear fusion reactions as an energy source. Nuclear fusion occurs at temperatures of millions of degrees Celsius.Research reactors require more energy to maintain these temperatures than the energy the reaction produces.Nuclear fusion occurs at negative degree Celsius temperatures to create unstable reactions to use as an energy sourceIt is difficult to contain the fusion reaction under such extreme conditions.
Answer:
[tex]A,B\text{ and D}[/tex]Explanation:
Here, we want to select the possible problems with nuclear fusion
Nuclear fusion refers to a nuclear reaction wherein two or more daughter nuclei combines to give a larger nucleus
Let us look at the options one after the other to check which of them is correct
a) This is correct
The temperature accompanying nuclear reactions is millions of degrees celsius which are very high
b) This is Correct
This is the major reason why there are currently no nuclear reactors that use fusion to provide energy
c) This is wrong
They occur at very high temperatures. The nuclei need very high energy to send them into kinetic motion
d) This is correct
It is quite difficult to contain a fusion reaction due to the conditions surrounding it and that is one of the reasons why there are no commercial nuclear reactors that use fusion as an energy source
What type of blood vessels can you find in most mammals?
A) tendons, ligaments, and capillaries
B) nerves and veins
C) aorta and ventricle
D) arteries, capillaries, veins
Answer:
Explanation:
the answer is D
Answer:
D
Explanation:
capillaries veins and arteries
A gas mixture contains 1.26 g N2 and 0.76 g O2 in a 1.51 L container at 11 C. Calculate the partial pressure of N2?
When we have a mixture of gases, the pressure exerted by each depends on the number of moles present in the mixture, this contribution is called partial pressure. The sum of the partial pressures will be equal to the total pressure, this is called Dalton's law.
Partial pressure can be described by the following equation:
[tex]P_i=X_iP_T[/tex]Where,
Pi is the partial pressure
Xi is the molar fraction
Pt is the total pressure
The molar fraction is calculated by the following equation:
[tex]X_i=\frac{n_i}{n_T}[/tex]Where,
ni is the number of moles of the substance
nT is the total number of moles.
So, we have to find first the number of moles of each gas. We are given the grams of gases, to get the equivalent moles we must divide the mass by the molar mass.
Molar Mass N2=28.0134g/mol
Molar Mass O2=31.9988g/mol
[tex]\begin{gathered} molN_2=1.26g\times\frac{1molN_2}{28.0134gN_2}=0.045molN_2 \\ molO_2=0.76gO_2\times\frac{1molO_2}{31.9988gO_2}=0.024molO_2 \end{gathered}[/tex]Now, the partial pressure of N2 will be:
[tex]P_{N2}=\frac{0.045molN_2}{0.045molN_2+0.024molO_2}\times P_T[/tex][tex]P_{N2}=\frac{0.045molN_2}{0.069mol}\times P_T[/tex][tex]P_{N2}=0.652\times P_T[/tex]If we assume that the gas behavior is like an ideal gas, we can find the total pressure with the following equation:
[tex]\begin{gathered} PV=nRT \\ P_T=\frac{nRT}{V_T} \end{gathered}[/tex]Where,
n is the total number of moles, 0.069mol
R is a constant, 0.08206atm.L/mol.K
V is the volume of the gas, 1.51L
T is the temperature of the gas, K.284.15K
We replace the known data:
[tex]P_T=\frac{0.069mol\times0.08206\frac{atm.L}{mol.K}\times284.15K}{1.51L}=1.06atm[/tex]Now, the partial pressure of nitrogen will be:
[tex]P_{N2}=0.652*1.06atm=0.69atm[/tex]Answer: The partial pressure of N2 is 0.69atm
explain third law of thermodynamics in brief
The third law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a system approaches a constant value as the temperature approaches absolute zero.
Or:
The third law of thermodynamics states, regarding the properties of closed systems in thermodynamic equilibrium: The entropy of a system approaches a constant value when its temperature approaches absolute zero.
How many grams of carbon monoxide gas would be contained in 710 mL at 119 kPa and 37 C
Answer
0.9166 g CO
Procedure
Considering the conditions and parameters given ideal gas law will be assumed.
[tex]PV=nRT[/tex]The gas constant is 8.3144 L⋅kPa⋅ K⁻¹⋅mol⁻¹
Converting the current data to the required units
710 mL = 0.710 L
37 °C = 310.15 °K
Solving for moles and substituting the variables with the available data
[tex]n=\frac{PV}{RT}=\frac{119\text{ }kPa(0.710)L}{8.3144\text{ L. kPa\cdot}\degree\text{K^^^^207b^^b9\cdot mol^^^^207b^^b9 \lparen310.15\rparen }\degree K}=0.0327\text{ }moles\text{ CO}[/tex]Transforming from moles to grams using the molecular weight
[tex]0.0327\text{ }moles\text{ }CO\frac{28.01\text{ }g}{1\text{ }mole}=0.9166\text{ }g\text{ }CO[/tex]The______of photosynthesis are the____of cellular respirationmeaning their equation are the ame but_____of each other.
Answer:
reactants /products, products / reactants, opposite / inverse
I can't exactly tell how many underscores there are.
Explanation:
This is biology, but it does contain chemistry.
Using the balanced equation:3 Ag2S + 2 Al -> Al2S3 + 6 Ag0.88 moles of Ag2S = ? grams Ag
Answer: 189.5g of Ag would be produced from 0.88 moles of Ag2S
Explanation:
The question requires us the amount of Ag, in grams, that would be produced from 0.88 moles of Ag2S, according to the following equation:
[tex]3Ag_2S+2Al\rightarrow Al_2S_3+6Ag[/tex]To solve this problem, which is a mol to mass stoichiometry problem, we'll need to follow the steps:
moles of Ag2S → moles of Ag → mass of Ag
To do that, we'll need to use the molar mass of Ag (107.87 g/mol) and the mole ratio between Ag2S and Ag, as given by the balanced chemical equation (6 moles of Ag are produced from 3 moles of Ag2S).
We can calculate the number of moles of Ag that would be produced from 0.88 moles of Ag2S as:
3 mol Ag2S -------------------------- 6 mol Ag
0.88 mol Ag2S --------------------- x
Solving for x, we'll have:
[tex]x=0.88mol\text{ Ag}_2S\times\frac{6mol\text{ Ag}}{3mol\text{ Ag}_2S}=1.76mol\text{ Ag}[/tex]Therefore, 1.76 moles of Ag would be produced from 0.88 moles of Ag2S.
Next, we need to convert the number of moles of Ag calculated to its correspondent mass. Knowing that the molar mass of Ag is 107.87 g/mol, we can calculate:
[tex]\begin{gathered} number\text{ of moles = }\frac{mass\text{ \lparen g\rparen}}{molar\text{ mass \lparen g/mol\rparen}}\rightarrow mass\text{ = number of moles}\times molar\text{ mass} \\ \\ mass\text{ = 1.76mol}\times107.87g/mol=189.8g \end{gathered}[/tex]Therefore, 189.5g of Ag would be produced from 0.88 moles of Ag2S.
A 4.50 L sample of neon at 11.08 atm is added to a 12.0 L cylinder that contains argon. If the pressure in the cylinder is 7.15 atm after the neon is added, what was the original pressure (in atm) of argon in the cylinder?
The original pressure of argon in the cylinder is 5.68 atm.
What is the original pressure of the argon?
The original pressure of argon in the cylinder is calculated as follows.
Apply the concept of molar ratio or molar proportion to determine the original pressure of argon in the cylinder.
Pr = [(Pn x Vn) + (Pa x Va) ] / (Vn + Va)
where;
Pr is the resultant pressure of the mixture of gases = 7.15 atmPn is the original pressure of neon = 11.08 atmPa is the original pressure of argonVn is the volume of neon = 4.5 LVa is the volume of argon = 12 L7.15 = [(11.08 x 4.5) + (12 x Pa)] / (4.5 + 12)
7.15(4.5 + 12) = 49.86 + 12Pa
117.98 = 49.86 + 12Pa
68.12 = 12Pa
Pa = 68.12/12
Pa = 5.68 atm
Thus, the original pressure of argon in the cylinder is determined by applying concept of molar ratio.
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30.Vegetable soup is classified as which of the following?Select one:a. An atom.b. A compound.c. An element.d. A mixture.
A mixture in Chemistry is defined as a material made up of two or more different chemical substances, and it will not present a homogeneous solution, but instead a heterogeneous appearance, just like a vegetable soup, which is a mixture of many substances, answer letter D
The mass number of an atom containing 37 protons, 50 neutrons,and 37 electrons is:A)13B)50C)37D)87
The question requires us to determine the mass number of an atom with 37 protons, 50 neutrons and 37 electrons.
The atomic number of an atom is determined by its number of protons, while the mass number of an atom is defined as the sum of number of protons and number of neutrons.
Therefore, we can calculate for the atom given by the question:
[tex]\begin{gathered} \text{mass number = number of protons + number of neutrons} \\ \text{mass number = 37 + 50} \\ \text{mass number = 87} \end{gathered}[/tex]Therefore, the mass number of this atom is 87 and the best option to answer the question is letter D.
Balance the equation
type your answer...
Previous
H₂+ type your answer...
O2 type your answer...
H₂O
The balanced equation
2H2 +O2 =====> 2H2O
What is balanced equation ?
An equation for a chemical reaction is said to be balanced if both the reactants and the products have the same number of atoms and total charge for each component of the reaction. In other words, both sides of the reaction have an equal balance of mass and charge.
The balanced equation
2H2 +O2 =====> 2H2O
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What is Kb for the conjugate base of HF (Ka = 6.8 × 10⁻⁴)?
The Kb for the conjugate base of HF, Fluoride ion is 1.470588 * 10^-11
The conjugate base of HF (hydrofluoric acid) is fluoride ion, F-
Ka of HF or hydrofluoric acid is given as 6.8 × 10⁻⁴
Kw = Ka * Kb
Where,
Kb = Base dissociation constant
Kw = Water dissociation constant or equilibrium constant
Ka = Acid dissociation constant
Kw = [H+] [OH-] = 1.0 X 10-14 at room temperature
The formula can be rewritten as,
Kb = (Kw / Ka)
= (10^-14) / (6.8 * 10^-4)
= 1.470588 * 10^-11
Therefore, the kb for the conjugate base of HF, Fluoride ion is 1.470588 * 10^-11
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The soft drinks sold at county fairs are often dispensed from large pressurized containers that contain carbon dioxide gas above the liquid at a partial pressure of about 4 atm, compared to carbon dioxide’s normal partial pressure of 0.00035 atm in the air at sea level. a. Describe the reversible change that takes place inside one of these soft drink containers when the pressure of CO2 above the liquid is first brought from 0.00035 atm to 4 atm. Explain why this system comes to a dynamic equilibrium in which there is no net change in the amount of gas above the liquid or the amount of gas dissolved in the liquid.
CO2 particles move faster through the solution. Gas solubility increases as liquid CO2 partial pressure rises.
Dynamic equilibrium occurs when the solution rate matches the escape rate, and neither the gas above the liquid nor the gas dissolved in it changes.
This is further explained below.
What is dynamic equilibrium?Generally, The idea of partial pressure is connected to the changes that occur in soft drink containers. Since there are no gas particles in the liquid when we add CO2 at a typical partial pressure of 0.00035, the CO2 gas begins to move into the solution at a faster pace than it can leave.
But when the concentration of CO2 gas rises, it begins to diffuse into the liquid, and eventually, a dynamic equilibrium is attained when the rate of the solution equals the rate of escape.
However, as we continue to add CO2 to this dynamic equilibrium, its partial pressure will rise until it reaches 4 atm, and this rise in partial pressure accelerates the rate of solution. Thus, raising the partial pressure of CO2 causes this reversible transformation to occur.
When the rate of the solution equals the rate of escape, this is known as dynamic equilibrium, and neither the quantity of gas above the liquid nor the amount of gas dissolved in it changes in any significant way.
Now here comes what role is played by partial pressure. When the rate of solution and the rate of escape reach a dynamic equilibrium and we begin to introduce additional CO2 gas to this dynamic equilibrium stage.
The CO2 gas particle's partial pressure and concentration both rise. Because of the increased rate of collision between the surface of CO2 gas and the surface of the liquid particles due to the increasing concentration, the rate of solution also rises. The pace of solution has now surpassed the rate of escape.
As a result, the rate at which CO2 gas particles travel through the solution increases. This is how a rise in CO2 partial pressure over liquid causes a rise in gas solubility.
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