The location of the rotator cuff muscles in relation to the glenohumeral joint minimizes the upward pressure against the acromion of the scapula.
What is meant by the glenohumeral joint?The glenohumeral joint, which consists of a complex, dynamic articulation between the proximal humerus and the glenoid of the scapula, is a ball-and-socket joint. Particularly, the glenoid cavity (or fossa) of the scapula is in touch with the head of the humerus.
The upper limb exists connected to the axial skeleton by the synovial joint comprehended as the glenohumeral, or shoulder, joint. Between the glenoid fossa of the scapula (gleno-) and the head of the humerus, it exists a ball-and-socket joint (-humeral).
The rotator cuff muscles' position in regard to the glenohumeral joint reduces the pressure exerted upward on the scapula's acromion.
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suppose you examine a population of randomly-mating organisms and find that its actual genotype frequencies are not those predicted by hardy-weinberg equilibrium. what conclusion should you draw?
When the five requirements listed below are met, the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium asserts that perhaps the allelic frequency of organisms remains constant from generation to generation.The five conditions are.:
1) Large population size
2) Random mating
3) Sexual reproduction is necessary
4) No migration
5) No evolution (no natural selection)
If any of these five conditions is violated, Hardy Weinberg equilibrium cannot be used to forecast genotype frequencies.
Option-d evolutionhas occurred is the right answer since it violates the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium criteria.
What is Hardy-Weinberg principle?
The Hardy-Weinberg principle, also known as the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, model, theorem, or law in population genetics, holds that in the absence of additional evolutionary factors, allele and genotype frequencies in a population would remain constant from generation to generation.
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This organelle resembles the circulatory system because it carries nutrients to other areas of the cell. What is it?
Answer:
The endoplasmic reticulum
Explanation:
This is because the endoplasmic reticulum is a system of tubes surrounding the nucleus, which allows it to diffuse nutrients within the cytoplasm
what would be the overall yield to produce a four-base dna strand by solid-phase synthesis if each coupling reaction had a yield of 90% and all protection/deprotection reactions had 100% yields (rounded to the nearest percent)?
To nearest percent, the overall yield is or 66% which is needed to produce a four-base dna strand by solid-phase synthesis if each coupling reaction had a yield of 90% and all protection/deprotection reactions had 100% yields .
N-protected arginine (R) residue is initially attached to resin with its C-terminal during the solid phase production of KAVR. Deprotected arginine's amino terminus undergoes interaction with N-protected valine (V). The N-protected dipeptide is also deprotected and couples with N-protected alanine (A). In order to create an N-protected tetrapeptide, the N-protected tripeptide that was previously created must be deprotected.
The tetrapeptide is liberated from the resin after being deprotected.There are therefore a total of four coupling reactions with 90% yields.Thus, the overall yield is 65.6% (66%), or 90%*90%*90%*90%.Here is another question with an answer similar to this about coupling reaction: https://brainly.com/question/28098538
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Remembering that proteins are made in cells that are 70% water- and water is polar-
describe how you might imagine that a protein spontaneously folds up into a complex 3D
shape.
Answer:
Hydrophobic packing. Read explanation below.
Explanation:
There are 4 tiers of protein struture. Primary structure is the links of amino acids attached by peptide bonds. The N terminus of one bonds to the C terminus of another.
Secondary structure is the first stage of folding. The amino acid chain can hydrogen bond with itself and can form structures such as Alpha helix and Beta sheet.
Tertiary structure is the interaction between R groups. R is a variable used to denote the presence of some type of compound attached to the basic amino acid structure that makes it chemically unique from the other ones.
Quaterary structure is also between the interaction of R groups, however it is between multiple proteins.
Types of folding that occur in Tertirary and Quaternary structure are the formation of disulfide bonds in an oxidizing enviornment, singularly in the presence of cysteines in a polypeptide. There is also hydrophobic packing, which is when a protein is in an aqueous solution the hydrophobic parts will fold inwards so it is not exposed to the water, and the hydrophillic polar regions will gravitate to the outside.
protein folding spontaneously folds up into a complex 3D shape by Hydrophobic packing.
What is protein folding ?
There are four types of protein structure where the Primary structure of protein is the links of amino acids by forming peptide bonds in which the N terminus of one bonds is present at one end and C terminus at another.
Secondary structure of protein is the first stage of protein folding where the amino acid chain form peptide by forming hydrogen bond with itself and form the structures of Alpha helix and Beta sheet.
Tertiary structure of the protein refers to the interaction between R groups where R is a variable group which is used to denote the presence of compound attached to the basic amino acid
Quaternary structure of the protein is formed between the interaction of R groups between multiple proteins.
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Moving very large molecules out of the cell using a vesicle from the cell membrane is known as?
Answer: exocytosis
Explanation:
- When molecules are too large or too charged to cross the plasma membrane by diffusion or osmosis, they use vesicular transport, also known as exocytosis. In vesicular transport/exocytosis, vesicles allow large molecules to exit the cell because the vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane and its contents spill out.
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What is the mass of a crate if a force of 200 N causes it to accelerate at 8 m/s2? (Formula: F=ma)
25 kg
192 kg
208 kg
16 kg
M
how can antisense rna inhibit translation? multiple choice an antisense rna makes a protein that inhibits translation. an antisense rna binds to a translation inhibitor protein and prevents translation. an antisense rna binds to a transcript and inhibits translation. an antisense rna forms a single stranded structure that inhibits translation.
Option b is correct. an antisense RNA binds to a translation inhibitor protein and prevents translation .
Most antisense RNAs in bacteria inhibit translation by competing with ribosomes for nascent mRNA translation initiation regions (TIRs). Through base pairing, antisense RNA is thought to inhibit translation or induce mRNA degradation. Many small noncoding RNAs (sRNAs) have recently been discovered in E. coli (4-6). The vast majority of these RNA molecules work as antisense oligomers by base pairing with mRNAs. Antisense RNAs regulate gene expression at multiple levels, including replication, transcription, and translation. Furthermore, synthetic antisense RNAs have been shown to effectively regulate the expression of related genes in host cells.
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The images show two different types of Galapagos tortoises that scientists believe descended from the same species. The first type (left) are found on islands that have high vegetation and few grasses. The second type (right) are found on an island that has large amounts of grasses and low-lying shrubs. What explains the type of turtle found on the islands with high vegetation?
The explanation for the kind of turtle found on the Galapagos islands with high vegetation: (C) Turtles possessing genes responsible for long necks had greater chances of survival and were able to attain their reproductive age.
Galapagos islands exhibit two distinct kinds of tortoises which vary in shape. The different shapes can be attributed to the distinct feeding habits that the tortoises have adapted according to the surrounding habitat.
The turtle inhabiting the islands with high vegetation possessed long necks as compared to the second type of turtle which feed largely on grasses and low-lying vegetation. Since the second type of turtle inhabited the region with low-lying vegetation, therefore, raising their heads in order to feed, was not essential to them.
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Which cell type is only located in two layers of the epidermis, the stratum spinosum and the stratum granulosum?.
The cell type which is only located in the two layers of the epidermis include the stratum spinosum. Stratum spinosum include a 8-10 layers of cells.
What is Epidermis layer of skin?Epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin on body. Epidermis protects the body from harm, keeps the body hydrated, produces new skin cells and also contains melanin, which determines the color of the skin. It consists mostly of the keratinocytes, however it also consists of Langerhans cells, melanocytes, and Merkel cells resting on the supporting dermis which contains the nerve and vascular networks, which nourish the epidermis layer of the skin.
Stratum spinosum is made up of 8-10 cell layers, which contains irregular, polyhedral cells through the cytoplasmic processes, sometimes called as spines, which extend outward and contact the neighboring cells by desmosomes. Dendritic cells can be found in this layer of cells.
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Why is there a need to produce okazaki fragments on the lagging strand, but not on the leading strand of dna?.
There is a need to produce Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand, but not on the leading strand of DNA due to the polarity of the strands.
Since new strand synthesis occurs in the 3' to 5' direction,
Okazaki fragments must be produced in the lagging strand during DNA replication. However, only the 5' to 3' orientation can be used by the DNA polymerase to create the strand.
Due to this antagonism, DNA polymerase constantly comes into contact with the strand that was previously created. The synthesis of the new strand occurs in a 5' to 3' direction since the two strands of DNA tend to be anti-parallel, therefore this opposition does not occur in the case of the leading strand.
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How would the world be different if no organisms ever evolved?
However, extinction is likely to occur if conditions change faster than a species can adapt and if individuals from that species lack the characteristics necessary to live in the new environment.
What is organisms and example?A living creature that has a defined system, is capable of responding to stimuli, can reproduce, grow, adapt, and preserve equilibrium is referred to as an organism. Therefore, every animal, plant, fungus, protist, bacterium, or archaeon found on Earth would be deemed an organism.
What are organisms made of?Cells, that are regarded as the basic building blocks of life, make up every living thing. Just one organisms are clever! Atoms create molecules, which create the cellular organelles and structure within each cell. Related cells that form tissues in complex organisms.
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a bacterial cell has a nonsense mutation in the gene that codes for hexokinase, an enzyme used during glycolysis. this mutation is most likely to affect the expression of this gene by
A nonsense mutation in the gene that codes for hexokinase will most likely to affect the expression of this gene by causing early termination during the elongation cycle of translation.
In the field of science, a nonsense mutation can be described as a kind of mutation that causes a stop codon to occur at a place where there still needs to be another amino acid.
As a result of nonsense mutation, the proteins that will be formed will be shorter and dependent on where the stop codon is added in the sequence.
Hence, if a nonsense mutation occurs in the hexokinase enzyme then this means that the translation process will terminate early. The hexokinase formed will be shorter and unfinished.
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In noncyclic photophosphorylation, the electrons passed down through the electron transport system are obtained from?.
In non cyclic photophosphorylation, the electrons passed down through the electron transport chain are obtained from water.
Non-cyclic phosphorylation have two Photosystems;
1. photosystem I
2. Photosystem II.
They work in series, first PS II and then PS I and are connected through electron transport chain. Electrons moved from PS II and then passed on to PS I.
The release of electrons from PS II can be replaced by some other electrons which can be came by splitting of the water molecule. The complex responsible for splitting of water molecule is present on PS II. Water molecule is converted into H⁺ , O and electrons are released which can be move through electron transport chain.
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Question: Why don't birds get electrocuted when they are on an electric wire.
I need answer ASAP Thank You
Answer:
Birds sitting on an electric wire don't touch the ground, so any electricity that’s flowing stays in the power line and they are not electrocuted.
which aspect of phospholipids is most important to the formation of bilayers? they are amphipathic. their hydrocarbon tails can consist of fatty acids or isoprene subunits. the length of their hydrocarbon tails can be altered to modulate membrane fluidity. their polar heads can interact with water.
The aspect of phospholipids that is most important to the formation of bilayers is the amphipathic molecules.
What qualities do amphipathic compounds have?Hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions can both be found in amphipathic compounds. There is a sizable, lipophilic carbon molecule in the hydrocarbon portion of the compound. On the hydrophilic section with polar functional groups, there is a charge that may be cations, anions, or absent.
Why are detergent molecules amphipathic?Detergents, soaps, shampoos, and many other cleaning solutions can also transport away pollutants that are difficult to remove with just water because of the amphipathic molecules. Lye, a chemical, is used to process fatty materials, such as vegetable or animal oils, to create soap.
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Why can an individual be a carrier but not have the disorder?A) Because it is not expressedB) Because it does not effect the individual visiblyC) Because the individual received therapy to overcome the disorderD) Because the individual received surgery to get rid of the disorder
When a genetic disorder is not manifested means that even when is coded in the genes is not expressed, this can be due to a different factor, being the main reason that is a recessive gene masqued by the healthy dominant gene. Therefore the correct answer is letter A.
What is primary productivity?
A. the amount of sunlight that a plant receives
B. the rate at which organic matter is created by
producers
C. the amount of producers in a certain
ecosystem
Gross primary productivity is the total amount of organic matter that producers synthesize in the course of photosynthesis per unit of time and per unit of space (GPP).
In tropical regions, primary productivity is high and consistent throughout the year, but it is constrained by a cold temperature and a short growing season in temperate regions.
The tropics have the most sunlight, whilst the poles have the least. Due to this, net primary production (NPP) is highest in the tropics (>20 t ha 1 year) as opposed to the average (8 t ha 1 year) in temperate forests.
The synthesis of organic compounds from atmospheric or aqueous carbon dioxide is referred to as primary production in ecology.
Water for which productivity is to be assessed is confined in sealed white and dark bottles. Primary productivity can be measured from the amount of oxygen utilized by a volume of water in a defined amount of time (bottle painted dark so light would not enter).
Primary production, the lowest trophic level, provides vital nutrients and energy to higher trophic levels and higher organisms because it is the lowest trophic level.
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a bacterium underwent a missense mutation. which of the following has changed? a. just its phenotype b. just its genotype c. both its genotype and phenotype d. neither its genotype nor phenotype
When a bacterium undergoes a missense mutation, only its genotype changes.
While occasionally spontaneous mutations may occur that cause it to change, genotype often remains constant from one environment to another. A broad variety of phenotypes can be produced by the same genotype when it is exposed to various environments.
What are missense mutations?
A missense mutation is a DNA alteration that causes the protein produced to encode a different amino acid at a specific location. Some missense mutations change how the resulting protein functions. Missense mutations, which modify an amino acid in a protein without changing how it functions, can also be benign.
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In a photosystem, clusters of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid pigments function most like?.
(C) "an antenna" is what clusters of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid pigments function most like in a photosystem.
The light processes are crucially influenced by photosystems, sizable protein and pigment (light-absorbing molecule) complexes that are designed to capture light. The two different kinds of photosystems are the PSI and the PSII (PSII).
Numerous pigments that aid in the absorption of light energy may be found in both photosystems, along with a unique pair of chlorophyll molecules that are located at the core (reaction center) of the photosystem.
Clusters of the carotenoid, chlorophyll a, and b, carotenoid pigments in a photosystem act most like an antenna.
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Question correction:
In a photosystem, clusters of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid pigments function most like
A) a spring.
B) a propeller on a motorboat.
C) an antenna.
D) a windmill
Can the following chemical equation occur on its own?
CH4 + O2 --> FeO2 + CO2 + H2O
Answer:
No
Explanation:
This is the word equation
Methane + oxygen - - - > iron oxide + carbon dioxide + water
The equation is missing some elements as the left side has no iron but right side has an iron oxide.
Therefore this equation can not happen on its own because its not balanced
Dwarfism in pea plants is caused by a single gene. Tall is a dominant trait and dwarf is a recessive trait. If two dwarf pea plants were crossed, their offspring will be?.
Tall is a dominant trait and dwarf is a recessive trait. If two dwarf pea plants were crossed, their offspring will be dwarf because there in no dominant gene to mask the dwarfism since both parents are homozygous recessive.
Short stature caused by a genetic or medical disease is known as dwarfism. A height of 4 feet 10 inches (147 cm) or less in adulthood is considered dwarfism. Individuals with dwarfism are typically 4 feet tall as adults (122 cm). Dwarfism is brought on by a variety of medical disorders. The term "homozygous recessive" refers to an organism that possesses two identical copies of the recessive gene. Learn more about the meaning of homozygous recessive and examples of genetic illnesses caused by this gene.
Recessive alleles, also known as homozygous alleles, only manifest their effects in individuals who have two copies of the allele.
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In the lytic cycle, the first stage is attachment, where the virus uses proteins on its surface to join to receptors on the host cell's membrane. What is the next stage in the lytic cycle?
Answer:
entry: the virus or its genetic material is taken into the host cell
If the distance between Earth and the sun were doubled what would be the force of gravity between them
If a nutrition facts label lists total carbohydrate as 12 grams, total sugar as 5 grams, and added sugar as 4 grams, then how many calories are provided from carbohydrates?.
The nutrition fact labelling total carbohydrates as 12 grams will give 48 calories.
As per the nutritional information, the total mass of carbohydrates is 12 grams. The labels total sugar and added sugar are the sub parts of carbohydrates, thus, they are already calculated in total carbohydrates. As per the known fact, carbohydrates provides 4 calories per gram. Performing calculation as per this.
Number of calories in 1 gram of carbohydrates = 4 grams
Number of calories in 12 grams of carbohydrates = 4×12
Performing multiplication
Number of calories = 48 calories
Thus, the total carbohydrates of 12 grams will provide 48 calories.
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ASAP Summarize the lytic cycle.(1 point)
Responses
A virus copies its genetic material and then splits its cell membranes in half to form identical viruses.
A virus injects its genetic material into the host cell, copies itself, and then forms new viruses that burst out of the host cell.
A virus lays eggs on the host cell’s protein coat, which then hatch and move on to infect other cells.
The viral DNA incorporates itself with the host cell and replicates whenever the host cell replicates itself.
Answer:
A virus injects its genetic material into the host cell, copies itself, and then forms new viruses that burst out of the host cell.
Explanation:
There are two cycles of viral replication.
1. Lytic
2. Lysogenic
The lytic cycle involves the destruction of the cell to release viral particles.
The lysogenic cycle incorporates the DNA into the host's genome and the DNA is replicated when the cell replicates. This cycle can turn into the lytic cycle in a process called induction.
all of the energy is released as heat when protons (h ) flow from high to low concentration through the group of answer choices atp synthase in mitochondria. atp synthase in chloroplasts. uncoupling protein in mitochondria. photosynthetic electron transport chain. mitochondrial electron transport chain.
A proton is one of the three essential elements of an atom. Atoms contain protons in their nucleus. At the core of each atom, there is a minuscule, dense area.
What is protons?A proton is a stable subatomic particle with the symbols p, H+, or 1H+ and an electric charge of +1 e. Its mass is 1836 times greater than that of an electron and only slightly less than that of a neutron.Every atom has a proton, a subatomic particle, in its nucleus. The particle possesses an electrical charge that is positive and opposite to the electron's.A proton is one of the three essential elements of an atom. Atoms contain protons in their nucleus. At the core of each atom, there is a minuscule, dense area.To learn more about protons refer to:
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n the lab, you are observing some plant roots and notice that in many of the root cells there are tree-like projections inside the cells. subsequent staining indicates that these structures are fungal in origin. what are these structures? what is their purpose? (select all that apply)
These tree-like projections are called Mycorrhizae. These are symbiotic associations between plants and fungi. Their major role is to amplify nutrient and water takeup by the host plant by utilizing a larger volume of soil than roots alone can do.
Mycorrhizae come in several forms, dependent upon both host plant and fungal taxonomy. The distribution of these forms in ecosystems is related to host plant distribution and climatic and soil conditions. The ability of mycorrhizae to improve host plant nutrient and water acquisition and to help in the defence of root pathogens and root grazing can alter the host plant's performance.
Mycorrhizae are being used in agriculture, forestry, and restoration to improve yields and overcome some of the pollutants associated with plantings on disturbed sites. The ability of mycorrhizal fungi to accumulate heavy metals makes them possible candidates for the restoration and remediation of polluted environments.
Mycorrhizae can be advantageous to crops grown in soils with low nutrient supply. Mycorrhizal associations can lead to increased nutrient concentrations in plant tissue, particularly nutrients (e.g., P and Zn) which are contigent on diffusion toward roots for uptake. Therefore, the management of mycorrhizae is becoming a potential method for crop nutrient management.
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During which eon was the earth made of land masses all clumped together in one supercontinent called Rodinia?A. PhanerozoicB. HadeanC. ProterozoicD. Archean
The oldest of the supercontinents is called Rodinia and was formed during Precambrian between 1.1 billion and 750 million years ago. It as formed from parts of older and poorly inderstood supercontinents, being broken in the first period of the Neoproteozoic (Tonian Period). The scientists hypothesize that Rodinia as formed during the Proterozoic eon.
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Studying photosynthesis shows us how God provides for us at even the molecular level. What does Scripture encourage us to do in response to God’s provisions, as mentioned in Matthew 6:28-34 ESV?
The Scripture encourage us to be steadfast and seek his kingdom in response to God’s provisions.
What is Provision?This is referred to as the process in which a material is provided or supplied and an example is food, clothing etc. God is the ultimate being and ensures that several resources are available for the various creatures which are present on earth.
The scripture talks about how we should be steady and seek his kingdom so as not to worry about tomorrow. This is because he has the ability to provide and take care of our needs if we have faith and believe in him.
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someone diagnosed with meningitis has inflamed membranes that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord. meningitis is a result of pathogenic gram-negative bacteria that cause extreme infections when their bacterial cell wall dies and lipopolysaccharide (a lipid and polysaccharide) is released. the lipopolysaccharide is an example of a(n) endotoxin. exotoxin. stomach microbiota. parasite.
Meningitis is a result of pathogenic gram-negative bacteria that cause extreme infections when their bacterial cell wall dies and lipopolysaccharide is released. The lipopolysaccharide is an example of an endotoxin.
What are endotoxins?
Large bacterial toxins known as lipopolysaccharides are composed of a lipid and a polysaccharide. They may be found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and are made up of an O-antigen, an outer core, and an inner core that are all connected by a covalent link.
First off, endotoxins are harmful when they reach the bloodstream because they can cause fever and a variety of other negative effects, such as aseptic shock and even death. The health effects of endotoxin, a strong inflammatory agent, are well known and include fever, trembling chills, septic shock, toxic pneumonitis, and respiratory symptoms.
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