Under Texas law, defenses take a variety of forms. A type of defense that the prosecutor must disprove in establishing the elements of the crime is known as an affirmative defense.
This means that the defendant's guilt is established when the prosecutor proves beyond a reasonable doubt all the elements of the crime. The defendant must then provide evidence to support the affirmative defense.
The jury must then determine if the defendant's evidence proves their defense by a preponderance of the evidence, which is a lower standard than the prosecutor's beyond a reasonable doubt standard.
An example of an affirmative defense is self-defense. A defendant can claim that their use of force was necessary to defend themselves against harm, and the prosecutor must disprove this to establish the defendant's guilt.
Texas law defenses can be grouped into two main categories: those that negate an element of the crime, and those that are affirmative defenses. Defenses that negate an element of the crime will result in the defendant's acquittal if the prosecutor fails to prove all the elements beyond a reasonable doubt.
For example, if the defendant can prove that they did not have the requisite intent to commit the crime, then the prosecutor cannot establish the guilt of the defendant.
Another example of a negation defense is alibi. If the defendant can provide an alibi for their where abouts at the time of the crime, then the prosecutor must disprove this to establish the defendant's guilt.
In summary, affirmative defenses require the defendant to provide evidence to support their defense, while defenses that negate an element of the crime result in the defendant's acquittal if the prosecutor cannot prove all the elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt.
To know more about Texas law refer here:
https://brainly.com/question/8610964#
#SPJ11
Which of the following laws permit employers to automatically enroll employees in a defined contribution plan?A) Consolidated Omnibus Reconciliation ActB) Employee Retirement Income Security ActC) Pension Protection ActD) Internal Revenue Code.
The laws that permit employers to automatically enroll employees in a defined contribution plan is "The Pension Protection Act" It allows employers to automatically enroll employees in a defined contribution plan. The correct option is C) Pension Protection Act
Define contribution plan: In a defined contribution plan, an employer contributes a specific amount or percentage of an employee's salary to a retirement account. The funds in the account are invested and grow over time. The employee then receives the accumulated funds when they retire.
There are several laws that govern defined contribution plans, but the Pension Protection Act is the one that permits employers to automatically enroll employees. Automatic enrollment means that an employee is automatically enrolled in the plan unless they opt out. This is designed to increase participation in the plan and help employees save more for retirement.
The other laws listed in the question are also relevant to defined contribution plans, but they do not specifically address automatic enrollment. The Consolidated Omnibus Reconciliation Act (COBRA) provides certain rights to employees who lose their health benefits.
The Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) sets standards for pension plans, including defined contribution plans. The Internal Revenue Code provides tax rules for retirement plans, including defined contribution plans.
To learn more about defined contribution plan here:
https://brainly.com/question/30066472#
#SPJ11
which of the following is an accurate comparison of how the supreme court has applied the doctrine of selective incorporation? (4 points) before engel v. vitale (1962) after engel v. vitale (1962) (a) the establishment clause does not apply to the states. the establishment clause applies to the states. (b) the bill of rights does not apply to the states. the bill of rights applies to the states. (c) the establishment clause limits the actions of the state governments. the establishment clause limits the action of the federal government. (d) the bill of rights was written to protect citizens from the federal government. the bill of rights was written to protect citizens from state governments.
The correct answer is (b): the bill of rights does not apply to the states. After Engel v. Vitale (1962), the bill of rights applies to the states.
Prior to Engel v. Vitale, the bill of rights did not apply to the states. The Fourteenth Amendment, which was passed in 1868, prohibits the states from violating the rights of individuals; however, the Supreme Court had not applied the provisions of the Bill of Rights to the states until 1962.
Engel v. Vitale (1962) was a landmark Supreme Court case that held that state-mandated prayer violated the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment. This case established the doctrine of selective incorporation, which applies the Bill of Rights to the states via the Fourteenth Amendment.
The decision in Engel v. Vitale (1962) had a huge impact on the rights of individuals in the United States. By incorporating the Bill of Rights into state law, the Supreme Court was able to protect individuals from having their rights violated by state governments. This is an important protection for citizens of the United States, as state governments.
Know more about Fourteenth Amendment here:
https://brainly.com/question/29371683
#SPJ11
what is the california statute of limitations on bringing a court foreclosure to enforce a mechanic's lien? to bring action for removal of encroachments?
Answer:
Explanation:
In California, the statute of limitations for bringing a court foreclosure action to enforce a mechanic's lien is typically 90 days from the date the mechanic's lien was recorded. This time period is established by California Civil Code section 8460.
However, it's worth noting that there are several factors that can affect the statute of limitations for enforcing a mechanic's lien in California, including the type of construction project, the date the work was completed, and the date the mechanic's lien was recorded. Therefore, it's important to consult with an attorney to determine the specific statute of limitations that applies in a particular case.
Regarding the statute of limitations for bringing an action for removal of encroachments in California, the time period varies depending on the specific circumstances of the case. The general statute of limitations for bringing an action for trespass or nuisance is three years from the date the cause of action accrues, as established by California Code of Civil Procedure section 338. However, there may be other factors that affect the statute of limitations in a particular case, such as the nature of the encroachment, the duration of the encroachment, and the type of relief sought. Therefore, it's important to consult with an attorney to determine the specific statute of limitations that applies in a particular case.
The statute of limitations in California for filing a foreclosure to enforce a mechanic's lien is 90 days from the time a mechanic's lien notice is filed. If the notice is not filed, the time limit for filing a foreclosure action is 60 days from the time the work was done.
On the other hand, in California, the statute of limitations for bringing an action for removal of encroachments is 5 years. This means that if a person is being dispossessed of their property through an encroachment, they have a 5-year time limit to bring a legal action to recover their property.
It is important to keep in mind that statute of limitations periods may vary depending on the case and the specific situation. It is advisable to consult with an attorney specializing in the relevant area to determine the time limits applicable in each particular case.
Lear More About The statute of limitations in California
https://brainly.com/question/29307980
#SPJ11
which statement concerning discrimination on the basis of race or ethnic identity in the united states is true?
The true statement concerning discrimination on the basis of race or ethnic identity in the United States is that it still exists in various aspects of society, including education, employment, and criminal justice. The correct option is a)
In the education system, racial disparities persist in areas such as access to quality education, standardized test scores, and dropout rates. For example, minority students are more likely to attend underfunded schools, leading to limited access to essential resources and opportunities.
In the employment sector, racial discrimination can be observed through wage gaps, biased hiring practices, and limited opportunities for career advancement. Research has shown that minority applicants often face challenges in securing job interviews due to unconscious biases among employers.
The criminal justice system is also significantly affected by racial and ethnic discrimination. Statistics reveal that minorities, particularly African Americans and Hispanics, are disproportionately represented in the prison population, and they are more likely to receive harsher sentences for similar crimes compared to their white counterparts.
To address these issues, various policies and measures have been implemented, such as affirmative action programs, anti-discrimination laws, and diversity training.
However, there is still much work to be done to ensure equal opportunities and fair treatment for all individuals, regardless of their race or ethnic background.
To learn more about discrimination here:
https://brainly.com/question/1084594#
#SPJ11
Complete Question
which statement concerning discrimination on the basis of race or ethnic identity in the united states is true?
a) it still exists in various aspects of society, including education, employment, and criminal justice.
b) different groups have had different degrees of succeed in fighting the effects of discrimination.
c) Americans under 18 years are denied many basic rights granted to those who are older.
d) older people are better organized to protect their rights that younger people.
if moore's law continues to be accurate for the coming decades, is ray kurzweil's prediction about ai more likely or less likely to be wrong?
Answer:
Explanation:
Ray Kurzweil's prediction about AI is that by 2045, artificial intelligence will have surpassed human intelligence, leading to a technological singularity where machines become more intelligent than humans and technological progress accelerates at an unprecedented rate.
If Moore's law continues to be accurate for the coming decades, which is the prediction that the number of transistors on a microchip doubles approximately every two years, it is more likely that Kurzweil's prediction about AI will be correct. This is because Moore's law is one of the driving forces behind the development of faster and more powerful computing systems, which are a key component of artificial intelligence. As computing power continues to increase, it is likely that AI systems will become more sophisticated and capable of performing increasingly complex tasks.
However, it is worth noting that Moore's law is not the only factor influencing the development of AI, and there are other technological and social factors that could also impact the accuracy of Kurzweil's prediction. Additionally, it is important to keep in mind that while Kurzweil's prediction has been influential, it is still just one perspective among many in the field of AI research and there is ongoing debate about the potential implications of artificial intelligence.
jeff johnson is the newest judge to take the bench in the fifth district of virginia. he spent 25 years as a prosecutor before being elected to the court. he is known for his lenient views on drugs and his extreme conservative views on crimes of violence. judge johnson is about to sentence a drug offender who has been convicted for the third time. judge johnson views drug abuse as a sickness and a public health issue, not a criminal issue. what type of sentencing for this defendant would the judge likely favor?
Judge Johnson is likely to favor leniency when sentencing the defendant in this case. Given his view that drug abuse is a sickness and a public health issue, he would likely opt for a more lenient sentencing, such as probation or community service, instead of harsher penalties such as incarceration. This could allow the defendant to get the help they need and potentially prevent future criminal activity.
Judge Johnson is also known for his extreme conservative views on crimes of violence. While this case does not involve violence, his past decisions demonstrate his preference for punishments that focus on rehabilitation rather than retribution. The judge could also take into account the defendant’s circumstances, such as any underlying mental health issues, and attempt to craft a sentence that is tailored to the individual.
He is likely to favor a sentence for the defendant that focuses on helping them find a path away from crime.
Know more about incarceration here:
https://brainly.com/question/14300869
#SPJ11
households (c)
government (g)
formation(I)
residual item
name the method used
Answer:
Expenditure approach to calculate GDP.
Explanation:
The terms represent the components of the expenditure approach used in calculating a country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
The expenditure approach sums up the total amount spent on goods and services produced within the country during a given period, typically a year.
The components of GDP using the expenditure approach are:
Consumption (C): the total spending by households on goods and services during the period.
Government spending (G): the total spending by the government on goods and services during the period.
Investment (I): the total spending on new capital equipment, buildings, and inventory by firms during the period.
Net Exports (NX): the difference between the value of exports and imports during the period.
The residual item in the expenditure approach is the difference between the total output (GDP) and the sum of the three components (C + G + I), which represents the net exports (NX).
So, the method used is the Expenditure approach to calculate GDP.
9: when preparing to make a left turn from a two-way street, you should drive: close to the right hand side of the road. close to the center line. on the left of the center line.
Answer:
Explanation:à gauche de la ligne centrale.
python in a governmental election, campaign officials may want to know what percentage of the population voted in the previous election
In a governmental election, campaign officials may want to know what percentage of the population voted in the previous election.
To obtain the percentage of the population that voted in the previous governmental election, the following formula is utilized: Percentage of the population that voted = (Number of votes cast / Total population) * 100The number of votes cast refers to the number of votes that were cast in the previous election, whereas the total population refers to the total number of individuals residing in the constituency where the election was held. The percentage of the population that voted in the previous election can be used by campaign officials to determine the number of votes they must earn to win the election.
In addition, this information can be utilized to determine the participation rate in the previous election and to evaluate the success of any efforts to raise voter turnout.
Read more about governmental election here:https://brainly.com/question/25815264
#SPJ11
which of the following is a true statement about the nestle case?the formula was sold to mothers by milk nurseso the nestle slogan was the white mans powder that will make your baby glow and growo babies were dying because the mothers didnt know how to use the formula.0 all of the above
The true statement about the Nestlé case is that babies were dying because the mothers didn't know how to use the formula. The Nestlé case refers to a controversy surrounding the marketing of infant formula, particularly in developing countries, where mothers were not adequately informed on how to use the formula properly.
As a result, many babies suffered from malnutrition and some even died due to improper preparation and usage of the formula.The other two statements mentioned are not accurate. The formula was not sold to mothers by milk nurses, and the Nestlé slogan was not "the white man's powder that will make your baby glow and grow."
In summary, the Nestlé case highlights the importance of providing accurate and clear instructions on how to use infant formula, as well as promoting awareness about breastfeeding as a safer and healthier alternative for mothers and babies, especially in developing countries where clean water and proper sanitation may not always be available.
Know more about malnutrition here:
https://brainly.com/question/30514873
#SPJ11
25. In late critical criminology, which two interweaving influences have had the most impact
A. style and resistance
B. neoconservatism and postmodernism
C. chaos and complexity
D. commodification and globalization
Globalization and commodityization. A viewpoint known as late critical criminology first appeared in the 1980s in response to the perceived shortcomings of traditional criminology.
What does it mean when services are commodities?Commodification is the process by which things, such as products, services, knowledge, or even living things, become offered as part of a market transaction. Broadly speaking, capitalism is an economic system in which supplies and demands in the general market determine the exchange of goods and services.
What does the word "commodified" mean?to make something into a commodity (such as something with intrinsic value or a piece of art). commodification of the water supply attempted.
To know more about criminology visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/5137629
#SPJ1
which of the following affords stability and predictability to the law? res ipsa loquitur stare decisis clemency certiorari
Res ipsa loquitur, stare decisis, and certiorari all afford stability and predictability to the law. Res ipsa loquitur is a Latin term meaning “the thing speaks for itself” and it is a rule of evidence used in civil suits. The rule allows for an inference of negligence on the part of the defendant.
Stare decisis is a legal principle in which a court should follow its previous decisions when the same legal issues arise. Certiorari is a type of writ (order) used by a higher court to review the decision of a lower court. Stare decisis affords stability and predictability to the law.
The concept of stare decisis means to stand by things decided. It is the principle of determining points of law according to precedent. The term is applied in the sense that courts should follow the principles they had established earlier in making judgments.
It provides that a court should follow the rules and principles made by it in a previous decision that has similar facts and issues. This will provide stability and predictability to the law. It ensures the continuity of the law and helps in maintaining stability and consistency in its application.
Other options: Res ipsa loquitur: This is a legal doctrine that allows the court to presume negligence without the plaintiff providing direct evidence of negligence. This does not afford stability and predictability to the law. Clemency is the act of mercy or leniency shown by the authorities to a person who has committed a crime.
This is not a legal doctrine and does not afford stability and predictability to the law. Certiorari is a writ or order from a higher court to a lower court or tribunal directing it to send up the record of a particular case for review. It does not afford stability and predictability to the law.
To know more about Res ipsa loquitur, stare decisis, and certiorari, refer here:
https://brainly.com/question/12177870#
#SPJ11
What do you call the person who is accusing another person, or a group of some wrongdoing and is bring the suit to court?
The person who is accusing another person or group of wrongdoing and bringing a lawsuit to court is called the plaintiff.
The plaintiff is the person who initiates a legal action by filing a complaint or petition in a court of law against another person or entity. The plaintiff is the party who is seeking legal remedies or relief for some harm or injury that they have suffered, and they must prove their case through evidence and arguments presented in court.
The plaintiff is responsible for bearing the burden of proof in a civil lawsuit, and their ultimate goal is to obtain a favorable judgment or settlement that compensates them for their losses or addresses their legal grievances.
Learn more about The plaintiff
https://brainly.com/question/29213730
#SPJ4
which is true? group of answer choices both rout and riot take two or more people to accomplish. incitement to riot only requires one person. unlawful assembly requires two or more people. magistrates or police officers who fail to disperse rioters may be violating the law. all of the above are true.
All of the above statement are true.
Rioting and routing require two or more people to accomplish, while incitement to riot only requires one person. Unlawful assembly requires two or more people, and magistrates or police officers who fail to disperse rioters may be violating the law.
Rioting and routing both require two or more people to coordinate their actions and work together to achieve their goals. Incitement to riot only requires one person to encourage others to engage in illegal activity.
Unlawful assembly requires two or more people to come together with the intent of committing a crime or disturbing the peace. Magistrates or police officers who fail to disperse rioters may be in violation of the law, as it is their duty to maintain order and peace in a given area.
To know more about illegal activity click on below link:
https://brainly.com/question/31109679#
#SPJ11
1. why did the supreme court decide three cases in one opinion? 2. what is the main issue the supreme court is deciding on in this opinion? 3. explain in your own words the supreme court's reasoning for its holding. 4. can you explain the difference in the dissenting opinions of justices alito and kavanaugh?
1. Why did the Supreme Court decide three cases in one opinion?
The Supreme Court decided three cases in one opinion because it saw them as presenting similar legal issues and wanted to ensure consistency across the decisions.
2. What is the main issue the Supreme Court is deciding on in this opinion?
The main issue the Supreme Court is deciding in this opinion is whether certain companies are legally obligated to provide contraceptive coverage under the Affordable Care Act.
3. Explain in your own words the Supreme Court's reasoning for its holding.
The Supreme Court reasoned that the government cannot impose the contraceptive coverage mandate on closely-held companies because it would impose a substantial burden on the religious beliefs of their owners.
4. Can you explain the difference in the dissenting opinions of Justices Alito and Kavanaugh?
Justice Alito argued that the contraceptive mandate should not be held unconstitutional because it did not impose a substantial burden on the religious beliefs of closely-held companies, while Justice Kavanaugh argued that it was still an unconstitutional violation of religious liberty.
To know more about Supreme Court refer here :
https://brainly.com/question/12848156#
#SPJ11
a state has a law that says all dogs must be restrained on a leash at any time they are outside. the purpose of that law is to protect the public from dog attacks . jeff is lazy and lets his big dog, maggie, outside without a leash. maggie attacks ricardo. under what theory is jeff liable for ricardo's injuries?
Jeff is liable for Ricardo's injuries under the theory of negligence per se, as he violated the state law that was designed to protect the public from dog attacks by allowing Maggie to be outside without a leash.
What does the theory of negligence state?The theory of negligence is a legal principle that holds individuals or entities responsible for failing to act with reasonable care, resulting in harm or injury to others.
To establish negligence, four elements must be proven: duty of care, breach of duty, causation, and damages. In other words, a person or entity owed a duty to act with reasonable care, failed to do so, and that failure caused harm or injury to another person, resulting in damages that can be compensated.
Learn more about theory of negligence on:
https://brainly.com/question/30652890
#SPJ1
in the case study of moon v st thomas hospital, which actions by the nurse contributed to the nursing malpractice award?
In the case study of Moon v St Thomas Hospital, the following actions by the nurse contributed to the nursing malpractice award:
Failure to use aseptic technique. The nurse failed to use aseptic technique while carrying out the procedures, which led to the patient's infection.
Failure to manage a high-risk patient. The patient was at high risk for developing bedsores, but the nurse failed to take adequate measures to prevent the development of bedsores.
Failure to document appropriately. The nurse failed to document the patient's condition and the procedures carried out, which is a violation of the standard of care.
Failure to monitor the patient's condition. The nurse failed to monitor the patient's condition, which led to a delay in recognizing the patient's deteriorating condition and providing timely intervention.
All of these actions contributed to the nursing malpractice award in the case study of Moon v St Thomas Hospital.
To know more about malpractice, refer here:
https://brainly.com/question/28104118#
#SPJ11
1. How did the First World War affect European imperialism?
The First World War had a significant impact on European imperialism. It weakened the economic and political power of European nations and led to a shift in global power towards the United States and the Soviet Union. It also marked the end of the European colonial empires with the rise of nationalist movements in colonized countries. The war resulted in a significant loss of life and resources for European countries, which hindered their ability to maintain their colonies. Moreover, the war created political instability and economic depression, which led to anti-colonial movements in colonized countries. As a result, many European powers gradually lost their grip on their empires, paving the way for decolonization movements in the 20th century.
Answer:
The First World War had a significant impact on European imperialism, leading to a shift in power and a weakening of colonial empires. The war contributed to the eventual decolonization of several colonies, and it marked the beginning of a new era in international relations.
Explanation:
The First World War had a significant impact on European imperialism, both in terms of its scope and its character. Here are some ways in which it affected European imperialism:
Economic costs: The First World War was incredibly costly, both in terms of human lives and economic resources. European powers had to spend enormous amounts of money on weapons, ammunition, and other military supplies, which weakened their economies. This economic burden made it difficult for European powers to maintain their imperialist policies, and many of them had to scale back their overseas activities.
Political changes: The war brought about significant political changes in Europe, as several empires collapsed, and new nations emerged. The Treaty of Versailles, which ended the war, forced Germany to give up its colonies and territories, which were then divided among the Allied powers. This led to a significant shift in the balance of power, and several European powers lost their colonial possessions.
Anti-colonial sentiment: The war also sparked anti-colonial sentiment among the colonized people, who saw the war as a struggle among imperial powers. The war created an opportunity for colonized people to organize and demand greater autonomy and independence. This sentiment grew stronger after the war and eventually led to several colonies gaining independence.
Rise of the United States: The First World War also marked the rise of the United States as a global power. The US emerged from the war as a major economic power and began to assert its influence on the world stage. This weakened the position of European powers, which had previously dominated world affairs.
Overall, the First World War had a significant impact on European imperialism, leading to a shift in power and a weakening of colonial empires. The war contributed to the eventual decolonization of several colonies, and it marked the beginning of a new era in international relations.
When talking about an armed robbery case, a discussion about how explosives are made started. How can the discussion about explosives BEST be described in relation to the armed robbery case?
A.
relevant
B.
irrelevant
C.
interesting
D.
sophisticated
Answer:
Answer choice (B)
Explanation:
The discussion about explosives in relation to an armed robbery case can be considered as irrelevant unless there is evidence or suspicion that the perpetrator(s) used explosives in the commission of the crime. Otherwise, the discussion about explosives would not have any direct connection or relevance to the armed robbery case.
several statutory excuses that an accused might use to gain an acquittal at trial appear in the texas penal code. some of these excuses, such as insanity and duress, place the burden on the defendant to not only raise the issue at trial but to establish the excuse by the preponderance of the evidence. these excuses are known as:
The excuses found in the Texas Penal Code that require the defendant to prove their excuse by the preponderance of the evidence are known as affirmative defenses.
This means that the accused must prove their defense is true in order to gain an acquittal at trial. To meet this burden of proof, the accused must present evidence that supports their claim that they acted in accordance with the statutory excuse.
This evidence could include expert testimony, documentary evidence, or witness testimony. By presenting this evidence, the accused is attempting to show that it is more likely than not that the statutory excuse is true.
To know more about affirmative defenses click on below link:
https://brainly.com/question/28554010#
#SPJ11
Scenario: David is a patrol officer with the Dallas Police Department.
While patrolling southeast Dallas, Officer David sees a man running out
of a house on the corner of main and 3rd st. A woman stumbles out of the
house and yells, "Help! I have been robbed!" David immediately reports
the crime in progress to dispatch and requests a back up. The male enters
a dark green Chevrolet pick up and as the suspect pulls the vehicle onto
the roadway, Officer David follows the vehicle and asks dispatch to verify
the licene plates. Dispatch advises the vehicle belongs to Lonny Smith
who is well known by all of Dallas PD. as a hardened criminal who has
fired his weapon on more than three separate occasions in a battle to
resist arrest. Back up units arrive, Officer David and back up officers
initiate a felony stop. The suspect jumps out of the car and tries to run
away without displaying any type of weapon, are the officers justified in
displaying and using deadly force against the suspect? Why or why not
Answer:
Read Below:
Explanation:
Based on the scenario provided, it is not clear whether the officers are justified in using deadly force against the suspect as the suspect has not displayed any weapon. In general, the use of deadly force by law enforcement officers is only justifiable when the officer reasonably believes that the suspect poses an imminent threat of serious physical harm to the officer or others.
In this case, while Lonny Smith is a known criminal who has previously fired his weapon during an arrest, he has not displayed any weapon or made any threatening gestures towards the officers. Therefore, the use of deadly force would be difficult to justify, and the officers should exhaust all other options before resorting to lethal force.
The officers should attempt to apprehend the suspect using less-lethal force, such as verbal commands, physical force, or non-lethal weapons like pepper spray or a Taser. If the suspect resists arrest or attempts to flee, the officers may pursue and attempt to apprehend him, but they should not use deadly force unless they reasonably believe that the suspect poses an imminent threat of serious physical harm to them or others.
It is important for law enforcement officers to use good judgment and follow established protocols when dealing with potentially dangerous situations to ensure that they uphold the law and protect both the public and themselves.
assume there is a u.s. supreme court case: galactic bargains v. state farm ins., 251 u.s. 1442 (2018). what does the citation indicate about the plaintiff's claim?
Answer:
Explanation:
A citation to a court case typically includes several pieces of information, including the names of the parties involved in the case, the volume number of the reporter where the case is published, the name of the reporter, and the page number(s) where the case can be found within that reporter. The citation may also include the name of the court that issued the decision.
In the example citation you provided, "Galactic Bargains v. State Farm Ins., 251 U.S. 1442 (2018)," "Galactic Bargains v. State Farm Ins." refers to the names of the parties involved in the case. "251" refers to the volume number of the reporter where the case is published, and "U.S." refers to the name of the reporter (in this case, the United States Reports, which is the official reporter of U.S. Supreme Court decisions). "1442" refers to the page number(s) where the case can be found within the United States Reports. "2018" is the year in which the case was decided.
Without more information about the case, it's impossible to say what the citation indicates about the plaintiff's claim.
since the mid-1920s, which incorporation approach has most u.s. supreme court justices in determining whether the bill of rights applies to the states in protecting the public? a. total plus b. total c. selective d. case-by-case
Answer:
The correct answer is c. selective incorporation.
Explanation:
The correct answer is c. selective incorporation.
Selective incorporation is the approach that the US Supreme Court has used since the mid-1920s to determine whether the Bill of Rights applies to the states in protecting the public. Under this approach, the Court has selectively incorporated certain provisions of the Bill of Rights into the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, which applies to the states. The Court has determined on a case-by-case basis whether a particular provision of the Bill of Rights is "fundamental" to due process and therefore applicable to the states. This approach has allowed for the gradual expansion of individual rights and liberties at the state level, without necessarily applying the entire Bill of Rights to the states all at once.
17. In Williams v. NC (1942), why did NC not accept the Williams' NV marriage? *
(1 Point)
the Williams were not bona fide NC residents
the Williams were not bona fide NV residents
the Williams committed the crime of bigamous cohabitation in NV
all of the above
In Williams v. NC (1942), the NC did not accept the Williams' NV marriage because the Williams were not bona fide NC residents. The Option A is correct.
What was the ruling in Williams v. NC (1942)?Williams v. North Carolina is a case decided by the United States Supreme Court in which the Court determined that the federal government determines marriage and divorce statuses across state lines. Mr. Williams and Ms. Hendrix relocated to Nevada and divorced their respective spouses.
Mr. Williams and Ms. Hendrix married and returned to North Carolina after their divorces were finalized. They lived there together until they were charged with bigamous cohabitation by the state of North Carolina.
Read more about Williams v. NC
brainly.com/question/21925934
#SPJ1
What has been one long-term result of the constitutional protection of free speech? A) fewwe cases involving minors, B) fewer laws limiting minority rights. ,C) a more accurate election, D) a more informed society
Answer:
D) a more informed society is considered one long-term result of the constitutional protection of free speech. The First Amendment of the US Constitution guarantees the right to free speech, which has helped promote the exchange of ideas and opinions, and has allowed individuals to express their views and challenge the status quo without fear of retribution. This has led to a more diverse and informed society, where a wide range of viewpoints and opinions are expressed and debated, contributing to a more robust democracy.
judges serving longer terms are more likely than judges serving shorter terms to do which of the following?
Judges serving longer terms are more likely than judges serving shorter terms to have a greater sense of security in their jobs, so they may be less swayed by public opinion.
What do we understand by the term “judges serving longer terms”?
Long-term judges are those who serve longer terms in their offices. Such judges are more likely to be impartial and deliver justice according to their consciences rather than public sentiment.
What do you mean by “judges serving shorter terms”?
Short-term judges, on the other hand, are more likely to be swayed by public opinion, as they are still struggling to establish themselves in their roles and may feel insecure about their future prospects as judges.
What are the differences between short-term and long-term judges?
Judges serving longer terms are more likely than judges serving shorter terms to do the following things:They have a better understanding of the law and the legal system.They are more experienced and have a better understanding of human nature.They are more likely to be impartial and deliver justice without being swayed by public opinion.They are more likely to take a long-term view of their roles as judges and consider the future implications of their decisions.They are more likely to have a greater sense of security in their jobs, so they may be less swayed by public opinion.Thus, judges serving longer terms are more likely to be impartial in their decision-making, as they have a better understanding of the law, more experience, and a greater sense of job security.
For more such question on public opinion
https://brainly.com/question/29641370
#SPJ11
the best statement of the test applied in determining if a defendant was the proximate cause of the plaintiff's injuries is:
Answer:
Explanation:
The best statement of the test applied in determining if a defendant was the proximate cause of the plaintiff's injuries is:
"Proximate cause is established when the defendant's conduct was a substantial factor in causing the plaintiff's harm, and when the harm was a foreseeable consequence of the defendant's conduct."
This statement encapsulates the two main elements of proximate cause: causation and foreseeability. Causation requires that the defendant's actions were a substantial factor in causing the harm suffered by the plaintiff, while foreseeability requires that the harm suffered by the plaintiff was a foreseeable consequence of the defendant's conduct.
Together, these elements help to establish whether the defendant's conduct was the proximate cause of the plaintiff's injuries.
The best statement of the test applied in determining if a defendant was the proximate cause of the plaintiff's injuries is the "but-for" test. This test determines whether, "but for" the defendant's actions, the plaintiff's injuries would not have occurred.
The "but-for" test is a legal standard used to determine whether a defendant's actions caused the plaintiff's injuries. To satisfy the test, it must be established that, "but for" the defendant's actions, the plaintiff's injuries would not have occurred. In other words, the defendant's actions must be the direct, proximate cause of the plaintiff's injuries. This is often established by proving that the plaintiff's injuries were reasonably foreseeable to the defendant at the time of their actions. This standard must be met in order for a plaintiff to successfully recover damages from a defendant. Overall, the "but-for" test is an essential standard used to determine if a defendant is responsible for a plaintiff's injuries.
Here you can learn more about plaintiff's injuries https://brainly.com/question/27463491]
#SPJ11
In what ways might a person become a victim and need police assistance?
what is criminal law it is the body of law that defines criminal offenses, regulates the apprehension, charging, and trial of suspected persons, and fixes penalties and modes of treatment applicable to convicted offenders
Criminal law is the branch of law that regulates the behavior of individuals or groups and punishes those who violate the law. It is designed to protect society from criminal acts and punish those who commit them. Criminal law consists of a body of rules and regulations that define criminal offenses, regulates the apprehension, charging, and trial of suspected persons, and fixes penalties and modes of treatment applicable to convicted offenders.Criminal law serves several purposes. One of the most important is to deter individuals from engaging in criminal behavior.
Criminal law punishes those who break the law by imposing fines, imprisonment, or other sanctions. This helps to prevent crime and protect society. Criminal law also serves to protect individual rights by ensuring that individuals are treated fairly and justly when accused of a crime. This includes the right to a fair trial, the right to legal counsel, and the right to be free from unreasonable searches and seizures.
Criminal law is based on the principle of individual responsibility. This means that individuals are held accountable for their actions, regardless of whether they intended to commit a crime. Criminal law also distinguishes between different types of crimes.
Know more about criminal offenses here:
https://brainly.com/question/11112199
#SPJ11
how does the criminal justice system play a role in counter terrorism
The criminal justice system plays a crucial role in counter-terrorism by investigating, prosecuting, and punishing individuals or groups who commit terrorist acts. It also works to prevent future terrorist attacks through intelligence gathering, surveillance, and analysis. Additionally, the criminal justice system provides support and assistance to victims of terrorism and their families. Overall, the criminal justice system plays a vital role in protecting national security and ensuring public safety.