The reactants has greater energy in an exothermic reaction. Exothermic reactions often produce heat as defined by thermochemistry.
What is an exothermic reaction?Exothermic reactions often produce heat as defined by thermochemistry as "reactions for which the total standard enthalpy change H is negative."
According to the energy diagram below, in an exothermic reaction, the reactants have a greater energy level than the products. The products are therefore more stable than the reactants. Overall, the reaction's H H H is negative, meaning that energy is expelled as heat.
When new bonds form in the products, less energy is produced during an exothermic reaction than is required to break bonds in the reactants. Energy is continuously released during an exothermic process, frequently in the form of heat. Exothermic reactions characterise all combustion processes.
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A ball was positioned in the middle of a smooth ramp and allowed to roll
downward. How does the total mechanical energy of the ball before it is
released compare to its
total mechanical energy at the bottom of the ramp?
Assume there is no friction.
Suppose you need to prepare 117.6 ml of a 0.394 m aqueous solution of nacl. what mass, in grams, of nacl do you need to use to make the solution?
1.811 g of NaCl we need to use to make the solution.To make the solution we need to calculate the amount of NaCl to dissolve to make solution.
The mass of NaClThe analysis of the mass need to use to make the solution is shown below:
We understand that molarity is
Molarity = no. of moles/ Volume
So,
No. of moles = Molarity x Volume
= 0.031 moles
Now
mass = Moles x Molecular weight
where,
The Molecular weight of NaCl is 58.44 g per mole
And, the moles are 0.031 moles
So, the mass of NaCl is
= 1.811 g
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A piece of titanium metal with a mass of 15.7 g is heated in boiling water to 99.5oc (initial temperature of metal) and then dropped into a coffee cup calorimeter containing 75.0g of water at 21.7oc with a specific heat of 4.184 j/goc. when thermal equilibrium is reached, the final temperature is 24.3oc. calculate the specific heat of titanium.
The specific heat of titanium is 0.69 J/ g c.
The specific heat of titanium can be calculated by using the principle of calorimetry.
According to this principle, the heat lost by one body is equal to the heat gained by another body in contact with it.
The heat(Q) is calculated by the following formula,
Q = m(s)(ΔT)
Here m is the mass of the body
s is the specific heat of the body
ΔT is the change in temperature
Thus, the heat lost by titanium metal is equal to the heat gained by water present in the calorimeter,
(msΔT)Titanium= (msΔT)Water
Putting the given values in the above equation
15.7 x s x 99.5-24.3 = 75 x 4.184 x 24.3-21.7
s = 0.69 J/g C
Thus, the specific heat of titanium is 0.69 J/ g c.
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Be sure to answer all parts. a mixture of 0.0333 g of hydrogen and 0.0165 mol of oxygen in a closed container is sparked to initiate a reaction. how many grams of water can form?
The solution is based on limiting reagent.
Step 1:
The balanced equation is
[tex]2H_{2} (g)+O_{2} (g)[/tex]→[tex]2H_{2} O(l)[/tex]
Here, we are calculating the moles of [tex]2H_{2} O(l)[/tex] from the moles of [tex]H_{2}[/tex] if we consider[tex]O_{2}[/tex] is limiting reagent:
Given that, The mass of [tex]H_{2}[/tex] =0.0333g
We know that,
The moles of [tex]H_{2} =(0.0333g H_{2} )[/tex]×[tex]\frac{1.0 molH_{2} }{2.016 gH_{2} }[/tex][tex]=0.0165 mol H_{2}[/tex]
Moles of [tex]H_{2} O(l) from H_{2} =(0.0165 mol H_{2} )[/tex]×[tex]\frac{2.0 mol of H_{2} O(l)}{2.0 mol H_{2} }[/tex]
=0.0165 mol [tex]H_{2} O[/tex].
Thus, 0.0165 mol[tex]H_{2} O(l)[/tex] is formed from 0.0333 g of hydrogen if we consider[tex]O_{2}[/tex] is limiting reagent.
How much hydrogen is present in water (h2o)?Because the percentage of an element in a compound is 100 times the fraction, the mass percent hydrogen in water is 11.11% and the mass percent oxygen is 88.89%.
For oxygen, mass% O equals (mass of 1 mol of oxygen/mass of 1 mol of CO2) multiplied by 100. (32.00 g / 44.01 g) x 100 = mass% O mass% O = 72.71%<br> Oxygen mass = 16 amu br> 'therefore' hydrogen percentage = '(2)/(18) xx 100 = 11.1' br> and oxygen percentage = '(16)/(18) xx 100 = 88.9'Mass percent of a compound is defined as mass percent = (mass of chemical total mass of compound) x 100. To specify the value as a percentage, multiply by 100 at the top.
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this is not one of the three processes for saturating air with water vapor lowering the temperature to the dew point mixing cold air with warm, moist air increasing the carbon dioxide content of air adding water vapor to the air
The process which does not saturate air with water vapor is increasing the carbon dioxide content of air.
What is saturation of air?
The term "saturated air" refers to an air volume that can store the most water vapor at a particular temperature. The air's water-vapor content as compared to its saturation level is known as relative humidity.
It is said that air is saturated when it has a 100% relative humidity, or when it can store as much water vapor as it can for a given temperature. Warm air is used to dry goods because it absorbs moisture and increases the amount of water it can store when saturated air is heated (relative humidity decreases).
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What does this tell you about the variable(s) that impact kinetic energy?
Answer:
Answer: What two variables affect the kinetic energy of an object? Speed and Mass. ... The kinetic energy will do nothing but keep the same
Explanation:
for a particular redox reaction, clo−2 is oxidized to clo−4 and fe3+ is reduced to fe2+ . complete and balance the equation for this reaction in basic solution. the phases are optional.
For a particular redox reaction ClO2– is oxidized to ClO4– and Fe3 is reduced to Fe2 .
What is redox reaction?Redox is a sort of chemical reaction where the substrate's oxidation states change.
An rise in an object's oxidation state or the loss of electrons is referred to as oxidation.
Gaining electrons or lowering an atom's oxidation state are both considered to be reductions in the context of chemical reactions.
Redox reactions can be divided into two categories:
only one electron (typically) moves from the reducing agent to the oxidant during an electron transfer. Redox couples and electrode potentials are frequently used to describe this type of redox reaction.
Atomic transfer refers to the movement of an atom from one substrate to another. For instance, when iron rusts, iron atoms get more oxidized as they change into an oxide at the same time.
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A baby’s car seat sits on top of a bench 2 m tall. The baby and the car seat have a weight of 12 N. Find the energy of the baby and its car seat.
24J is the energy of the baby and its car seat.
We know that, height= h= 2 m
Weight of baby and the car= m= 12 N
The energy that the baby and the car seat contain is in the form of potential energy because they are both motionless, or at rest.
Potential energy is given by,
P.E= m*g*h
where.
m= mass of the body
g= acceleration due to gravity
h= height
W = m*g
Expressing the energy equation as and replacing the result with:
P.E = W*h
On substituting the given values we get:
P.E= 12*2
P.E= 24 J
What is potential energy?Potential energy is a type of stored energy that depends on how various system elements interact with one another. A spring's potential energy rises when it is crushed or stretched. A steel ball has higher potential energy if it is lifted above the ground as opposed to falling to the ground.
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How much of each of the following substances would you add to water to prepare 1.50 l of a 0.60 m solution?
From concentrated (18 M) sulfuric acid [H2SO4]
To prepare the solution, we dilute 33 mL of 18 M sulfuric acid to 1.00 L.
Molarity (M) = moles solute / Liter solution
Mass% = mass solute / mass solution×100
We can calculate the amount of 18 M sulfuric acid that needs to be diluted to 1.000 L from a concentrated solution using the dilution method. When determining the volume of 18 M sulfuric acid required, we arrive at
V1C1 = V2C2
V1 = (0.60M H2SO4) (1L) / (18M H2SO4)
V1 = 0.033L = 33mL
To prepare the solution, we dilute 33 mL of 18 M sulfuric acid to 1.00 L.
A substance's molarity (M) is the volume of solution in which it is present. The amount of a solute in moles per liter of a solution is known as molarity. A solution's molar concentration is another name for molarity.
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Hey guys. I think this is called element notation. I need to find the Protons, Neutrons, Electrons, Mass number, charge, and if it is a cation/neutral/anion. I'm having a hard time doing this, any help will be appreciated
Answer:
45 = 82
Explanation:
58
if a plot of 1/[a] versus time produces a straight line with a positive slope for the reaction a → b c, what is the order of the reaction? a) zero b) first c) second d) third e) cannot determine order from this information
A plot of 1/[a] versus time produces a line with a positive slope for the reaction a → b+ c. The reaction may be a second order reaction.
What is order of a reaction?The strength of the rate's dependency on the reactant concentration determines the reaction's order. As a result, the speed of a first-order reaction will undoubtedly depend on the concentration of a single species, a second-order reaction will undoubtedly depend upon the concentration of two species, and so on.
rate = k{[A]^x + [B]^y}
Thus, for the given reaction, order is 2, that's a plot of 1/[a] vs time producing a straight line with positive slope shows second order kinetics.
How does one know if its a second-order reaction?Determine the reaction order and therefore the rate constant. If a plot of reactant concentration versus time isn't linear, but a plot of 1/reaction concentration versus time is linear, then the reaction is second order
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How are the electron levels and rows of the periodic table related?
Answer:
The highest energy level number (1 through 7) for the electrons in an atom corresponds to the period (or row) in the periodic table to which that atom belongs. Because there are 7 periods in the table, there are 7 energy levels. For example, hydrogen (H) is in the first period, so it has only one energy level.
Answer:
The number of valence electrons in an atom is reflected by its position in the periodic table of the elements.
Explanation:
Across each row, or period, of the periodic table, the number of valence electrons in groups 1 2 and 13 18 increases by one from one element to the next.
of the two lewis/electron dot structure representations, which is the correct one for phosphorus trifluoride?
The correct lewis/electron dot structure is given below
What is lewis electron dot structure ?The diagrams known as Lewis structures, often referred to as Lewis dot formulas, Lewis dot structures, electron dot structures, or Lewis electron dot structures, depict the interactions between the atoms in a molecule as well as any lone pairs of electrons that may be present.
The valence shell electrons of a molecule are shown in an extremely simplified manner by a Lewis Structure. It is used to demonstrate how the electrons in a molecule are positioned around particular atoms. Electrons are shown as "dots" or, in the case of a bond, as a line connecting the two atoms.
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a man is cooking rice by burning wood in the stove what are the thermal and heat absorbing chemical reaction here?
Cooking rice by burning wood in the stove are the thermal and heat absorbing chemical reaction.
Heat absorbing chemical reaction :Any chemical reaction that absorbs heat from its surroundings is an endothermic reaction. The absorbed energy needs to serve as the activation energy for the reaction to take place. This type of reaction is distinguished by its cold sensation.
Endothermic is a chemical reaction or physical change that absorbs heat from its surroundings. During an endothermic process, the system absorbs heat from its surroundings, causing the temperature of the environment to fall.
Thermal energy :Thermal energy sources include natural gas, coal, and oil, as well as solar, heat pump electric, and geothermal heat. Though thermal energy has few negative environmental effects, a few issues must be addressed before it can be considered a truly green source of power.
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Explanation:
An exothermic reaction occurs when the temperature of the system increases due to the evolution of heat as well as carbon dioxide , water vapour and as produced.
Is using a fuel cell to separate water into hydrogen and oxygen a physical or chemical separation?
using a fuel cell to separate water into hydrogen and oxygen is chemical separation.
fuel cell uses concept of called reversible electrolysis for seperation.The process of separating water into hydrogen and oxygen is known as electrolysis. An electrolyte separates the anode from the cathode in a fuel cell. Different types of electrolyte and the ionic species they conduct play a major role in how different fuel cells operate.At the anode, water reacts to produce positively charged hydrogen ions and oxygen (protons).The hydrogen ions move arbitrarily across the to the cathode as the electrons go through an external circuit.Hydrogen gas is created at the cathode when hydrogen ions and electrons from the external circuit combine.In order to reach the Hydrogen Energy Earthshot objective of lowering the price of clean hydrogen by 80% to $1 per kilogramme in ten years, electrolysis is a primary method of hydrogen production.Learn more about electrolysis here:
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what is the arrow pointing to? a solution of different molecules. some of them consist of two small atoms attached to a bigger one. some are negatively charged, and consist of one big atom attached to a small one. there are also small positively charged atoms, which are pointed at by an arrow. what is the arrow pointing to? a solution of different molecules. some of them consist of two small atoms attached to a bigger one. some are negatively charged, and consist of one big atom attached to a small one. there are also small positively charged atoms, which are pointed at by an arrow. electron hydroxide ion hydronium ion water molecule hydrogen ion
Option A) The arrow is pointing towards the Hydrogen ion in the solution of the different molecules.
DescriptionWhen a hydrogen atom acquires or loses an electron, a hydrogen ion is produced.
The only time a positively charged hydrogen ion (or proton) is observed alone is when it is in a gaseous condition in a place that is almost particle-free.
One water molecule has two sides, one of which is partially negative and the other partially positive.
Because the oxygen atom is more electronegative than the hydrogen atoms, one side of a water molecule is partially negative (the oxygen side), and the other side is partially positive (the hydrogen side).
An atom’s attraction to shared electrons in bonds is referred to as electronegativity.
What is the name of the force that draws water molecules together?Cohesion, the water Becomes Sticky Due to Hydrogen Bonds. Hydrogen bonds form between nearby hydrogen and oxygen atoms of adjacent water molecules in the case of water.
A bond called a hydrogen bond is produced by the attraction between individual water molecules.
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Correct question
What is the arrow pointing to?
The figure shows a solution of different molecules. Some of them consist of two small atoms attached to a bigger one. Some are negatively charged, and consist of one big atom attached to the small one. There are also small positively charged atoms, which are pointed by an arrow.
A) Hydrogen ion
B) Hydronium ion
C) Electron
D) Hydroxide ion
E) Water molecule
A chemical engineer has determined by measurements that there are 19. moles of nickel in a sample of nickel tetracarbonyl. how many moles of carbon are in the sample?
3.08 moles of carbon are in the sample.
What are moles?
A Mole is defined as a chemical unit, defined to be 6.022 x 10 23 ( Avogadro's Constant) entities. In science, this is often usually molecules or atoms. The mass of a mole is the gram formula mass of a substance.
Their averages are equal
moles of carbons / 5 = moles of o
19/5 = moles of c
3.08 = moles of c
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identify which of the following functional groups appear in the molecule daumone. (note that some of the functional groups in daumone will not be listed as an answer option)
The functional groups in daumone;
- alcohol
- ether
- carboxylic acid
What is a functional group?A functional group is an atom, group of atoms or bond that is responsible for the chemical reactivity of the members of a homologous series. The homologous series refers to a family of compounds that have similar reactivity.
We know that organic molecule are almost always known to contain carbon. The functional groups in the molecule could help us to know the kind of reactions that could occur in the molecule since the reactions could only occur at the functional groups in the molecule as shown.
Let us now consider the compound daumone which has been found to be responsible for the hibernation of worms. The functional groups in the molecule are;
- alcohol
- ether
- carboxylic acid
These are the known functional groups that we can see in the molecule as shown above in the question.
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If a solution appears violet, approximately what wavelength of light is it absorbing? group of answer choices
The solution absorbed the wavelength about (590nm to 560nm), which is appearing in the form of its corresponding color ,i.e.. Violet in the solution.
If a solution is appears violet color,it means its absorbing its complementary colour in the UV - visible region.
Complementary colour can be identified as the pairs showing below,
B ⇔ O
G ⇔ R
V ⇔ Y
From above pair we know that, the solution is absorbing the wavelength corresponding to yellow light and we know that the wavelength of yellow light in the visible spectrum is (590nm to 560nm).
The visible light spectrum is the segment of the electromagnetic spectrum that can visible by human eye. human eye can detect wavelengths in from the range of 380 to 700 nanometres.
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When placed in a 50-mL cube-shaped box, a substance fills the cube and has a volume of 50-mL. When placed in a 10-mL tube, that same amount of substance fills the tube and thus has a 10-ml volume. What is the state of the substance?
The state of the substance is likely a gas.
What are the states of matter?Matter, which refers to any substance that has mass and occupies space, is made up of three states as follows:
Gas LiquidSolidA gas is a state of matter intermediate between liquid and plasma that can be contained only if it is fully surrounded by a solid. It has no definite shape and only conforms to the volume of its container.
According to this question, a substance fills the cube and has a volume of 50-mL and 10-mL respectively when placed in containers of such volumes.
This suggests that the substance being referred to is a gas.
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you have a container filled with 31 moles of neutral lithium. how much negative electric charge is contained in the electrons of all the lithium atoms in the container?
The container contains 8.96 × 10⁶ C negative electric charges in the electrons of all the lithium atoms.
What are Electric Charges?When put in an electromagnetic field, charged matter experiences a force due to the physical property of electric charge.Positive or negative electrical charges are possible (commonly carried by protons and electrons respectively).When two charges are in opposition to one another, they repel one another.The term "neutral" refers to an object with no net charge. The early understanding of how charged particles interact is now referred to as classical electrodynamics, and it is still true for issues that do not demand taking into account quantum phenomena.Electric charge is a conserved attribute, meaning that the net charge of an isolated system—that is, the sum of the positive and negative charges—cannot change.We have 3 moles of electrons (e⁻) in 1 mol of Li, so the quantity of negative electric charge is:
hence
negative electric charges = 3 × 31 × 6.022 × 10²³ × 1.60 × 10⁻¹⁹
negative electric charges = 8.96 × 10⁶ C
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A biochemist has 100 ml of a 0.1 m solution of a weak acid with a pa of 6.3. she adds 6 ml of 1.0 m hcl, which changes the ph to 5.7. calculate the ph of the original solution.
Find hydrogen ion concentration of the original solution using the law of mass conservation after some further algebraic manipulation:
[H+]2+Ka[H+]-KaCa=0 (Ka - weak acid dissociation constant, Ca – weak acid concentration)
Ka=10-6.3=5.01*10-7
Set up the quadratic equation: [H+]2+5.01*10-7*[H+]-5.01*10-7 *0,10=0
Solve the quadratic equation: [H+]=2*10-4
pH=3.7
What is law of mass conservation?
The law of conservation of mass, also known as the principle of mass conservation, in physics and chemistry states that for any system closed to all transfers of matter and energy, the mass of the system must remain constant over time because the mass of the system cannot change and therefore quantity cannot be added to or subtracted.
Therefore,
Find hydrogen ion concentration of the original solution using the law of mass conservation after some further algebraic manipulation:
[H+]2+Ka[H+]-KaCa=0 (Ka - weak acid dissociation constant, Ca – weak acid concentration)
Ka=10-6.3=5.01*10-7
Set up the quadratic equation: [H+]2+5.01*10-7*[H+]-5.01*10-7 *0,10=0
Solve the quadratic equation: [H+]=2*10-4
pH=3.7
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calculate the molar concentration of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ( pah ), anthracene ( 178.23 g/mol), that was found in a well water sample at a concentration of 3.04 ppb. assume the density of the well water sample is 1.00 g/ml.
The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah), anthracene, has a molar concentration of 2.643 x 10-8.
What is molar concentration?
The phrase "molar concentration" (also known as "molarity," "amount concentration," or "substance concentration") refers to the amount of a substance per unit volume of solution and is used to describe a chemical species' (more particularly, a solute's) concentration in a solution.
The number of moles per liter, represented by the unit sign mol/L or mol/dm3 in SI units, is the most common way to measure molarity in chemistry. One mol/L of a solution's concentration is referred to as one molar, or one M.
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Which element in Period 2 has the least mass
Answer: Lithium has the least mass.
Explanation: Period 2 of the Periodic Table includes the following elements:
• Carbon
• Nitrogen
• boron
• Lithium
• beryllium
• Neon
• oxygen
• fluorine
Clarification
Out of these elements, lithium has the least mass, which is 6.941 units. The element with the most mass on the other hand is neon, which has a mass of approximately 20.1797 units.
Final answer: The element in Period 2 of the Periodic Table with the least mass is lithium.
How would you calculate the percent relative abundance of cu-63 with the mass 62.9296 g and cu-65 with the mass 64.9278 g, when the average mass of cu is 63.546?
The percent relative abundance of Cu-63 is 69.15% and Cu-65 is 30.85%.
The atomic mass is the average mass of an element.
m(Cu) = 63.546 g; the average mass of copper
m(⁶³Cu) = 62.9296 g; average mass of copper-63 (Cu-63) isotope
m(⁶⁵Cu) = 64.9278 g; average mass of copper-65 (Cu-65) isotope
ω(⁶³Cu) = ?; average abundance of isotopes Cu-63
ω(⁶⁵Cu) = 1 - ω(⁶³Cu); average abundance of isotopes Cu-65
Ar(Cu) = ω(⁶³Cu) × m(⁶³Cu) + ω(⁶⁵Cu) × m(⁶⁵Cu)
63.546 g = ω(⁶³Cu) × 62.9296 g + (1 - ω(⁶³Cu)) × 64.9278 g
63.546 = 62.9296 × ω(⁶³Cu) + 64.9278 - 64.9278 × ω(⁶³Cu)
1.9982ω(⁶³Cu) = 1.3818
ω(⁶³Cu) = 1.4738 ÷ 1.9982
ω(⁶³Cu) = 0.6915 × 100%
ω(⁶³Cu) = 69.15%
ω(⁶⁵Cu) = 100% - 69.15%
ω(⁶⁵Cu) = 30.85%
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identify the example of a physical change. please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. answer choices the formation of a yellow solid when two colorless liquids are mixed the formation of bubb
An example of a physical change is the Making of icecream .
What is a physical change?
A physical change is a type of change in which the form of matter is altered but one substance is not transformed into another. the dimensions or shape of matter may be changed, but no reaction occurs.
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Which of the following would be appropriate reason for scientists to reject atomic theory
Answer:
-evidence that some kinds of matter are made up of waves instead of particles
-observations that cannot be explained by the theory
Explanation:
Both of these are right.
What is the w/w % of an aqueous solution of ammonia at 14.3 M, with a density of 0.900 g/mL.
The w/w % of an aqueous solution of ammonia is 27.01%.
w/w % or "weight by weight" is the proportion of a particular substance within a mixture, measured by weight or mass.
c(NH₃) = 14.3 M; concentration of ammonia solution
d(NH₃) = 0.900 g/mL; density of ammonia solution
V(NH₃) = 100 mL = 0.1 L; chosen volume of ammonia solution
M(NH₃) = 17 g/mol; molar mass of ammonia
ms(NH₃) = d(NH₃) × V(NH₃)
ms(NH₃) = 0.900 g/mL × 100 mL
ms(NH₃) = 90 g; mass of ammonia solution
m(NH₃) = c(NH₃) × V(NH₃) × M(NH₃)
m(NH₃) = 14.3 M × 0.1 L × 17 g/mol
m(NH₃) = 23.31 g; mass of pure ammonia (solute)
w/w % = m(solute) / m(solution) × 100%; formula to calculate w/w %
w/w % = 23.31 g / 90 g × 100%
w/w % = 27.01%
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How does a certain frequency of line occur in the hydrogen spectrum?
Answer: Though a hydrogen atom has only one electron, it contains a large number of shells, so when this single electron jumps from one shell to another, a photon is emitted, and the energy difference of the shells causes different wavelengths to be released... hence, mono-electronic hydrogen has many spectral lines.
Explanation: sry its late
Answer: Your welcome!
Explanation:
The frequency of a line in the hydrogen spectrum is determined by the difference in energy between two energy levels in the hydrogen atom. The energy levels are determined by the electron's angular momentum and can be expressed as the quantum number n. The energy of the lines is then determined by the difference between two energy levels (n1 and n2) and is given by the equation ΔE = hc/λ = (R/n2^2) - (R/n1^2), where R is the Rydberg constant and h is Planck's constant. The frequency of the line is then determined by the equation ν = ΔE/h.
An important, common measure of how easily of chemical can evaporate and enter the atmosphere is ___.
An important, common measure of how easily of chemical can evaporate and enter the atmosphere is vapor pressure.
What is vapor pressure?
The transition of the molecule from its solid form to its gaseous state has been called evaporation. The intermolecular forces for state transmission have been broken as a result of an energy input.
The pressure that the air molecules have been applying is known as the vapour pressure. The kinetic energy has a direct relationship with the vapour pressure. The conversion to the vapour state has been mediated, and there has been more kinetic energy the higher the vapour pressure.
Thus, in terms of vapour pressure, the chemical can easily evaporate.
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