is one external mechanism that provides a solution to opportunistic behavior by managers. multiple choice question. strategic control

a. The company's retained earnings increased by $532.5 million. b. The dividend yield is 5.22%.

a. To calculate the increase in retained earnings for Ronstadt Drum Company, first, find the total dividends paid by multiplying the earnings by the dividend payout ratio. Then, subtract the dividends from the total earnings to find the addition to retained earnings.

1: Calculate total dividends paid

Total dividends paid = Earnings * Dividend payout ratio

Total dividends paid = $710 million * 25%

Total dividends paid = $177.5 million

2: Calculate the addition to retained earnings

Addition to retained earnings = Total earnings - Total dividends paid

Addition to retained earnings = $710 million - $177.5 million

Addition to retained earnings = $532.5 million

b. To calculate the dividend yield, divide the total dividends paid per share by the share price.

1: Calculate dividends per share

Dividends per share = Total dividends paid / Number of shares outstanding

Dividends per share = $177.5 million / 85 million shares

Dividends per share = $2.0882 (rounded to 4 decimal places)

2: Calculate dividend yield

Dividend yield = Dividends per share / Share price

Dividend yield = $2.0882 / $40

Dividend yield = 0.0522

Convert to percentage: 0.0522 * 100 = 5.22%

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We have that, based on the list of acceptable investment opportunities, we obtain that the weighted average cost of capital of the company is 3.4%.

To calculate the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) of the company, we must take into account the cost of each type of financing and their respective weights in the capital structure.

Long-term debt financing has a weight of 40% (0.4) and a cost of 8% after tax. Therefore, the after-tax cost of debt is 0.4 x 0.08 = 0.032 or 3.2%.

Financing with ordinary shares also has a weight of 40% (0.4) and a cost of 10%. Therefore, the cost of capital is 0.4 x 0.1 = 0.04 or 4%.

The financing of preference shares has a weight of 20% (0.2) and a cost of 13%. Therefore, the cost of preferred stock is 0.2 x 0.13 = 0.026 or 2.6%.

To calculate the WACC we add the weighted costs of each type of financing:

WACC = (Weight of Long-Term Debt x Cost of Debt) + (Weight of Common Stock x Cost of Equity) + (Weight of Preferred Stock x Cost of Preferred Stock)

WACC = (0.4 x 0.032) + (0.4 x 0.04) + (0.2 x 0.026)

WACC = 0.0128 + 0.016 + 0.0052

WACC = 0.034 or 3.4%

Therefore, the company's weighted average cost of capital is 3.4%.

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WiseGuy Inc. would prefer Project B, as it has a shorter payback period of 1.3 years compared to Project A's payback period of 3.25 years.

To determine which project WiseGuy Inc. will prefer using the payback period rule, we need to calculate the payback period for each project. The payback period is the amount of time it takes for a project to recoup its initial investment.

For Project A:

Payback period = 2 years + ((10000-5000)/4000) years

Payback period = 3.25 years

For Project B:

Payback period = 1 year + ((10000-4000-3000)/10000) years

Payback period = 1.3 years

According to the payback period rule, WiseGuy Inc. would prefer Project B, as it has a shorter payback period of 1.3 years compared to Project A's payback period of 3.25 years. This means that WiseGuy Inc. will recoup its initial investment in Project B sooner, making it a more attractive option.

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Informational control and behavioral control are two central aspects of "strategic control". Option d is answer.

Strategic control is a process of monitoring and adjusting the strategic direction of an organization. It involves setting goals, developing plans, and implementing strategies to achieve those goals. Informational control and behavioral control are two important components of strategic control.

Informational control refers to the use of information and data to monitor and evaluate the organization's performance. This includes collecting and analyzing information about the internal and external environment, as well as the organization's own activities and outcomes.

Behavioral control, on the other hand, involves influencing the behavior of individuals and groups within the organization to ensure that they are aligned with the organization's strategic goals and objectives. This includes setting expectations, providing feedback, and rewarding or punishing behavior as appropriate.

Together, informational control and behavioral control help to ensure that the organization's strategies are effective and that the organization is making progress towards its goals.

Option d is answer.

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Canada Telecom’s WACC is not the right discount rate for its new project because the new project is expected to have a different capital structure than the existing business.

The new division has a target debt-equity ratio of 0.6, while the overall company is currently 30% debt financed. Therefore, the new project’s WACC will be different from the company's WACC.

We cannot use XYZ’s equity beta (1.05) as a proxy for the equity beta of Canada Telecom’s new project because the two companies have different business risks, financial risks, and operating environments.

While XYZ is a pure-play multimedia company, Canada Telecom has a diversified business portfolio. Moreover, the debt-to-equity ratios of the two companies are different. Therefore, we need to estimate the new project’s equity beta.

To estimate the new project’s equity beta, we can use the Hamada equation:

Equity Beta = Unlevered Beta * [1 + (1 - Tax Rate) * (Debt/Equity)]

Here,

Unlevered Beta = XYZ's Equity Beta / [1 + (1 - Tax Rate) * (Debt/Equity)]

= 1.05 / [1 + (1 - 0.35) * (0.35/0.65)] = 0.86

Debt-to-Equity Ratio of the new project = 0.6

Tax Rate = 35%

Plugging the values in the Hamada equation, we get:

Equity Beta = 0.86 * [1 + (1 - 0.35) * (0.6/0.4)]

= 0.86 * 1.63

= 1.40

Therefore, the estimated equity beta of Canada Telecom’s new project is 1.40.

The new project’s cost of capital can be calculated as follows:

Cost of Equity = Risk-Free Rate + Equity Risk Premium * Beta

= 3% + 5% * 1.40

= 10%

Cost of Debt = 6.5%

Tax Rate = 35%

Weight of Debt = 0.6

Weight of Equity = 0.4

WACC = (Weight of Debt * Cost of Debt * (1 - Tax Rate)) + (Weight of Equity * Cost of Equity)

= (0.6 * 6.5% * (1 - 0.35)) + (0.4 * 10%)

= 2.34% + 4%

= 6.34%

Therefore, the new project’s cost of capital is 6.34%.

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Pharmaceutical giant Eli Lilly and Belgium-based company Galapagos have a strategic alliance whereby they both work together to develop a new drug for osteoporosis.  The correct option is strategic alliance.

In this strategic alliance, both companies collaborate and share resources, knowledge, and expertise to achieve a common goal: creating an effective treatment for osteoporosis. This partnership allows each company to benefit from the other's strengths, such as research capabilities, market reach, and technological advancements.

By joining forces, Eli Lilly and Galapagos can pool their resources to accelerate the drug development process and improve the chances of successfully bringing a new drug to market. This alliance is mutually beneficial and enables both companies to potentially gain a competitive edge in the pharmaceutical industry. Through their strategic alliance, Eli Lilly and Galapagos aim to make a meaningful impact on the lives of those suffering from osteoporosis by providing an effective treatment option. The correct option is strategic alliance.

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Dormer is the only fine dining restaurant in a small town. The opening of a new restaurant is viewed as a threat by some of the employees at dormer by looking out for its weaknesses and ironing them out. This is an example of strategy as "SWOT analysis".

The SWOT analysis which involves assessing an organization's internal strengths and weaknesses as well as external opportunities and threats.

In this case, the opening of a new restaurant in the town presents an external threat to Dormer, the only fine dining restaurant in the area. Some of the employees at Dormer view this as a threat and are worried about the impact it could have on their business.

By conducting a SWOT analysis, Dormer can identify its internal strengths and weaknesses and external opportunities and threats. Based on this analysis, Dormer can develop strategies to leverage its strengths, address its weaknesses, capitalize on opportunities, and mitigate threats to maintain its competitive advantage in the market.

Therefore,  this is an example of strategy as SWOT analysis.

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In the year 2011, the forecasted retained earnings are calculated based on the year 2010 ending retained earnings, the forecasted sales, net margin, and dividend payout ratio.The year 2010 ending retained earnings were $2,000,000, and the year 2011 forecasted sales are $100,000 with a 25% net margin and a 20% dividend payout ratio. First, calculate the net income for 2011: $100,000 (sales) * 25% (net margin) = $25,000.
Next, calculate the dividends paid in 2011: $25,000 (net income) * 20% (dividend payout ratio) = $5,000.
Finally, calculate the forecasted retained earnings for year 2011: $2,000,000 (year 2010 retained earnings) + $25,000 (net income) - $5,000 (dividends) = $2,020,000.

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The fair price of the corporate bond is A)$1049.14

To calculate the fair price of the bond, we need to discount all the expected cash flows of the bond to their present values using the appropriate discount rate.

The bond pays a coupon of 5% per annum on the face value of $1,000, which means a cash flow of $50 per year. The bond matures in five years, and at maturity, the bondholders will receive the face value of $1,000.

Given the default risk of the bond, we need to adjust the expected cash flows by the probability of default and the recovery rate. The probability of default is 20%, and the recovery rate is 30%, which means that bondholders will only receive 30% of the face value if the issuer defaults.

Using the above information, we can calculate the expected cash flows as follows:

Expected cash flow = ($50 x 5 x 0.8) + ($1,000 x 0.8 x 0.2 x 0.3) = $196

Next, we need to discount the expected cash flows to their present values using the appropriate discount rate of 9% per annum. This can be done using the formula:

Present value = Cash flow / (1 + Discount rate) ^ Time

Using this formula, we can calculate the present value of the expected cash flows as follows:

Present value = ($50 / (1 + 0.09) ^ 1) + ($50 / (1 + 0.09) ^ 2) + ($50 / (1 + 0.09) ^ 3) + ($50 / (1 + 0.09) ^ 4) + ($1,196 / (1 + 0.09) ^ 5) = $853.13

Therefore, the fair price of the bond is the present value of the expected cash flows, which is $853.13. However, this price needs to be adjusted for the default risk, which reduces the expected cash flows by 20% x 30% = 6%. Therefore, the fair price of the bond is $853.13 x (1 - 0.06) = A)$1,048.87.

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The net present value (NPV) of a project is the sum of all cash inflows, discounted at a rate of return, minus the sum of all cash outflows.

In this case, the initial cost of the sausage system is $444,600. This cost will be depreciated straight-line to zero over the project’s 3-year life, at the end of which the sausage system can be scrapped for $68,400.

The sausage system will save the firm $136,800 per year in pretax operating costs, and the system requires an initial investment in net working capital of $31,920.

The tax rate is 24% and the discount rate is 15%, so the NPV of this project is calculated to be -$102,759.66. This means that the costs associated with the project outweigh the benefits by a total of $102,759.66.

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Ali should produce 64.70 bushels of wheat per month to maximize his profits in the short run. At this level of output, his total revenue would be $5,481.59 (64.70 x $84.70), and his total cost would be $2,918.45 (20 x 64.70 + 0.5 x 64.70^2), resulting in a profit of $2,563.14.

To maximize his profits, Ali should produce the level of output where his marginal revenue (MR) equals his marginal cost (MC). In other words, he should produce until the additional revenue from selling one more unit of output is equal to the additional cost of producing one more unit of output.Given the market price of $84.70 per bushel of wheat, Ali's marginal revenue is also $84.70.

To determine his marginal cost, we need to know his total cost function. Let's assume that Ali's total cost function is given by TC = 20Q + 0.5Q^2, where Q is the quantity of wheat produced.
To find Ali's marginal cost, we take the derivative of the total cost function with respect to Q:
MC = dTC/dQ = 20 + Q
Setting MR = MC, we have:
84.70 = 20 + Q
Q = 64.70

Resulting in a profit of $2,563.14.

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The natural rate of unemployment is subtracted from the actual unemployment rate to arrive at the cyclical unemployment rate.

(8% - 5% = 3%) The cyclical unemployment rate would be 3%.

The cyclical unemployment rate is calculated by subtracting the natural rate of unemployment from the actual unemployment rate. So, in this case, the cyclical unemployment rate would be 3% (8% - 5% = 3%). This represents the portion of unemployment that is due to the current economic cycle or downturn, rather than due to structural or frictional factors.

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The present value of the anticipated future dividends, discounted by 22%, is used to determine the preferred stock's price, which is set at EUR 168.18. The correct option is d.

To compute the price of the preferred stock, we need to use the formula for the present value of a perpetual annuity:

Price = Dividend / Rate of Discount

Given that the dividend is EUR 37 per year and the rate of discount is 22% annually, we can calculate the price of the preferred stock as:

Price = 37 / 0.22 = EUR 168.18

Therefore, none of the options provided (a, b, c) match the calculated price. The correct answer is d. None of the above.

To explain further, the price of the preferred stock is determined by the present value of its expected future dividends. Since the dividends are constant and perpetual, we can use the formula for the present value of a perpetuity.

In this case, the rate of discount is 22%, which reflects the opportunity cost of investing in this preferred stock instead of other investment opportunities that may yield a higher return. The higher the discount rate, the lower the present value of the preferred stock, and vice versa.

Using the formula, we can see that the price of the preferred stock is EUR 168.18, which is the present value of the expected future dividends discounted at 22%.

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The given statement is true because the concept of "lean" refers to a systematic approach to eliminating waste and increasing efficiency in order to create more value for customers with fewer resources.

The focus is on identifying and eliminating any processes, activities, or resources that do not add value for the customer, while maximizing the use of those that do. By doing so, businesses can improve their competitiveness, reduce costs, and enhance customer satisfaction. Ultimately, the goal of lean is to create a more streamlined, efficient, and customer-centric organization that is better able to meet the needs and expectations of its customers.

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Whenever a retrospective is conducted for a project, the person doing the retrospective has to be seen as impartial and objective. True.

Anytime your team considers the past to enhance the present, it is a retrospective. You can retro on almost anything thanks to the technical and non-technical personnel! A public retrospective on agile software development is now being held.

You must be completely fair in order to be unbiased; you cannot favor someone or hold beliefs that can skew your judgment. For instance, in order to be as objective as possible, the identities of the artists, as well as the names of their schools and hometowns, were hidden from the judges of an art competition.

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The current rate on a bond with a coupon rate of 5% selling at $900 can be calculated using the following formula:

Current Rate = Annual Coupon Payment / Bond Price

The annual coupon payment is calculated as 5% of the face value of the bond, which is $1,000 (5% x $1,000 = $50). So, the current rate can be calculated as follows:

Current Rate = $50 / $900 = 5.56%

Therefore, the current rate on a bond with a coupon rate of 5% selling at $900 is 5.56%.

The reason why the current rate is higher than the coupon rate is because the bond is selling at a discount. When a bond sells at a discount, it means that its price is lower than its face value. In this case, the bond is selling at $900, which is $100 less than its face value of $1,000. This is because the market demand for the bond is low, which causes its price to drop.

As a result, investors who purchase the bond at a discount will receive a higher yield than the coupon rate. This is because they are effectively paying less for the bond but will still receive the same coupon payments. In other words, the yield is higher to compensate for the lower price paid for the bond.

In summary, the current rate on a bond with a coupon rate of 5% selling at $900 is 5.56%. The current rate is higher than the coupon rate because the bond is selling at a discount, which causes its yield to increase.

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SWOT analysis would be the best tool to employ in this situation. The correct answer is option d.

SWOT stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. This analysis helps in identifying and evaluating the internal and external factors that can influence the success of a project or a new product launch.

By using SWOT analysis, the supply management organization can assess the feasibility of marketing a new product by identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the new product as well as the opportunities and threats in the market.

This information will help in making a more informed decision about whether to move forward with the new product or not.

The correct answer is option d.

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The expected return of the investment is 8.57% and the volatility of the investment is 38%.

To calculate the expected return of the investment, we need to calculate the weighted average return of the borrowed and invested amounts. The weight of the invested amount is (195,000/245,000) = 0.7959 and the weight of the borrowed amount is (50,000/245,000) = 0.2041. The expected return of the investment is then:

Expected return = (Weight of invested amount * Expected return of invested amount) + (Weight of borrowed amount * Risk-free rate)

Expected return = (0.7959 * 10%) + (0.2041 * 3%)

Expected return = 7.96% + 0.61%

Expected return = 8.57%

Therefore, the expected return of the investment is 8.57%.

The volatility of the investment can be calculated using the formula:

Volatility of investment = Square root of [(Weight of invested amount * Volatility of invested amount)^2 + (Weight of borrowed amount * Volatility of borrowed amount)^2 + 2 * Weight of invested amount * Weight of borrowed amount * Correlation coefficient * Volatility of invested amount * Volatility of borrowed amount]

Since the correlation coefficient is not given, we assume it to be 1 (which implies perfect positive correlation between the invested and borrowed amounts). The volatility of the borrowed amount is zero because it is risk-free. Therefore, the volatility of the investment is:

Volatility of investment = Square root of [(0.7959 * 19%)^2 + (0.2041 * 0%)^2 + 2 * 0.7959 * 0.2041 * 1 * 19% * 0%]

Volatility of investment = Square root of [0.1447]

Volatility of investment = 0.38 or 38%

Therefore, the volatility of the investment is 38%.

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The statement "One way to establish credibility is to become more dependent of government when designing policy" is false because One way to establish credibility is not to become more dependent on the government when designing policy.

Credibility can be established by creating well-researched, evidence-based policies that are transparent and include input from various stakeholders.

Becoming more dependent on the government can limit the scope of perspectives and potentially reduce objectivity. To create credible policies, it's important to remain independent, gather data from multiple sources, engage in consultation with experts and the public, and have clear and accountable decision-making processes.

This approach ensures that policies are well-rounded, evidence-driven, and have the trust and support of the people they aim to serve.

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True. advertising is relevant for both business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumer (B2C) tactics.

In a B2B context, advertising is often used to sell products or services to other corporations, inclusive of workplace materials or production equipment.

B2B advertising and marketing normally specializes in constructing relationships and generating leads rather than direct sales. In a B2C context, advertising is used to promote products or services without delay to purchasers, which include apparel, food, or entertainment.

B2C advertising and marketing frequently focuses on constructing brand focus and developing emotional connections with customers to inspire them to make purchases.

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True. advertising is relevant for both business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumer (B2C) tactics. In a B2B context, advertising is often used to sell products or services to other corporations,

inclusive of workplace materials or production equipment. B2B advertising and marketing normally specializes in constructing relationships and generating leads rather than direct sales. In a B2C context, advertising is used to promote products or services without delay to purchasers, which include apparel, food, or entertainment. B2C advertising and marketing frequently focuses on constructing brand focus and developing emotional connections with customers to inspire them to make purchases.

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The monthly earnings credit is the amount of money a bank credits to a customer's account as compensation for the customer's deposits. The earnings credit rate for this scenario is 3.70%.

It is calculated based on the average daily balance in the account and the earnings credit rate (ECR) set by the bank.

To calculate the earnings credit rate (ECR) for this scenario, we need to use the following formula:

ECR = (Monthly earnings credit / Average daily balance) x (365 / Days in month)

We can calculate the average daily balance as follows:

Average daily balance = (Ledger balance + Deposit float) / Days in month

Average daily balance = ($300,000 + $100,000) / 30

                                     = $13,333.33

We are given that the monthly earnings credit is $507, and the days in the month are 30. The reserve requirement ratio is also given as 10%.

Using the formula for ECR, we get:

ECR = ($507 / $13,333.33) x (365 / 30)

ECR = 0.036975 or 3.70% (rounded to two decimal places)

Therefore, the earnings credit rate for this scenario is 3.70%.

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The money supply refers to the amount of money that is in circulation in an economy. It includes physical currency as well as bank deposits and other liquid assets.

However, the effectiveness of a change in the money supply depends on the state of the money demand curve. The money demand curve shows the relationship between the demand for money and the interest rate. When the interest rate is high, the demand for money tends to be low, and vice versa.

If the money demand curve is relatively flat, meaning that a change in the interest rate has little effect on the demand for money, then a change in the money supply will be the least effective. This is because a change in the money supply will not have much impact on the interest rate, which is the key variable that affects economic activity.

Overall, the effectiveness of a change in the money supply depends on the state of the money demand curve. When the money demand curve is relatively flat, a change in the money supply will be the least effective in affecting economic activity.

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Simple interest is computed by multiplying the initial investment, the period of time, and the applicable interest rate.

Simple interest is a calculation of interest that does not take into account any compounding of interest over time. It is computed by multiplying the initial investment by the applicable interest rate and the period of time for which the interest is being calculated.

The result is the accumulated interest that is earned over that period of time. This calculation is simple and straightforward, which is why it is called "simple" interest. It is commonly used in loans, savings accounts, and other financial transactions where the interest rate is fixed and the interest is not compounded.

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The stock price of Shatin Intl, rounded to the nearest cent, is $160.31.Shatin Intl, which has 9.8 million shares, an equity cost of capital of 13.1%, and is expected to pay a total dividend of $206 million before starting to purchase $395 million worth of stock each year.

You'd like to know the stock price, rounded to the nearest cent.

To find the stock price, follow these steps:

1. Calculate the dividend per share: Divide the total dividend ($206 million) by the number of shares (9.8 million).
  Dividend per share = $206 million / 9.8 million = $21.02

2. Calculate the dividend yield: Divide the dividend per share ($21.02) by the stock price (let's call it "P").
  Dividend yield = $21.02 / P

3. Use the dividend discount model: The stock price (P) equals the dividend per share ($21.02) divided by the equity cost of capital (13.1%). P = $21.02 / 0.131

4. Solve for the stock price (P): P = $160.31

So, the stock price of Shatin Intl, rounded to the nearest cent, is $160.31.

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Based on the given information, the estimated stock price of Shatin Intl is $209.58 per share (rounded to the nearest cent).

Dividend per share = Total dividend / Number of shares

Dividend per share = $206 million / 9.8 million shares

Dividend per share = $21.02

Growth rate = (Net income - Dividends) / (Share price x Number of shares)\

Growth rate = ($500 million - $206 million) / ($50 x 9.8 million)

Growth rate = 3.06%

Finally, we can use the dividend discount model to estimate the stock price:

Stock price = Dividend per share / (Cost of equity - Growth rate)

Stock price = $21.02 / (0.131 - 0.0306)

Stock price = $21.02 / 0.1004

Stock price = $209.58

A stock price is the current market value of a company's stock share. It is determined by the supply and demand of the stock on a given day and is influenced by a variety of factors including company performance, industry trends, economic conditions, and investor sentiment. When a company goes public, it sells shares of its stock to investors in order to raise capital. The value of those shares is determined by the market and can fluctuate on a daily basis based on a variety of factors.

Investors buy and sell shares of stock in order to profit from changes in the stock price. If they buy shares at a lower price and sell them at a higher price, they profit. If they buy shares at a higher price and sell them at a lower price, they incur a loss. Overall, stock prices play a crucial role in the world of business and finance, as they can impact the success of companies and the portfolios of investors.

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The weight of preferred stock , based on the mentioned values in the company's WACC is found to be 7.48%.

To calculate the weighted average cost of capital (WACC), we need to determine the proportion of each type of financing (common stock, preferred stock, and debt) in the company's overall capital structure. The weight of each component is determined by dividing the market value of that component by the total market value of the company's capital structure.

To calculate the weight of the preferred stock, we need to determine the market value of the preferred stock.

Market value of preferred stock = Number of preferred shares x Market price per share = 10,000 x $50 = $500,000

Next, we need to determine the total market value of the company's capital structure:

Total market value = Market value of common stock + Market value of preferred stock + Market value of debt

Total market value = (75,000 shares x $42 per share) + $500,000 + (3,000 bonds x 101.2% x $1,000 par value per bond)

Total market value = $3,150,000 + $500,000 + $3,036,000

Total market value = $6,686,000

Now we can calculate the weight of the preferred stock:

Weight of preferred stock = Market value of preferred stock / Total market value

Weight of preferred stock = $500,000 / $6,686,000

Weight of preferred stock = 0.0748 or 7.48%

Therefore, the weight of preferred stock in the company's WACC calculation is 7.48%.

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As a risk-averse person, I would prefer the steady return offered by stock A at 5% per year.

As a risk-averse person who does not like volatile returns, you would prefer a stock with a steady return rather than one with more variability. In this case, stock A offers a steady return of 5% per year, while stock B offers a range of returns, with a 50% chance of a 3% return and a 50% chance of a 10% return.

The expected return of stock B is calculated as follows:

Expected return of stock B = (0.5 x 3%) + (0.5 x 10%) = 6.5%

However, the expected return does not take into account the variability of returns. Given that you are risk-averse, the potential for a 3% return would not be appealing, even with a 50% chance of getting a higher return. Therefore, you would prefer the steady return of 5% offered by stock A.

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The company is using the perpetual  inventory system.

Based on the accounts named in the chart of accounts, the company is using the perpetual inventory system. In a perpetual inventory system, inventory balances are updated continuously as transactions occur. The purchases account is used to record the cost of inventory purchases, while the purchases discounts account is used to record discounts received from suppliers for prompt payment. T

he purchases returns and allowances account is used to record returns of damaged or unsatisfactory inventory. Finally, the freight-in account is used to record the cost of shipping inventory from suppliers to the company's warehouse. By tracking inventory in real-time, the perpetual inventory system provides businesses with accurate inventory information to help with decision-making and financial reporting.

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The break-even quantity for Marine International is 18,750 filter systems. This means that if they produce more than 18,750 filter systems in-house, it will be more cost-effective to produce them in-house rather than outsourcing from Bayfront Manufacturing. If they produce less than 18,750 filter systems, it will be more cost-effective to outsource from Bayfront Manufacturing.

To determine the break-even quantity, we need to find the point where the cost of producing in-house is equal to the cost of outsourcing from Bayfront Manufacturing. We can set up an equation to represent this:

$300,000 + $14q = $30q

where q is the quantity of filter systems produced.

To solve for q, we can start by isolating q on one side of the equation:

$300,000 = $16q

q = $300,000 / $16

q = 18,750

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a) Q=6.67 litres and $13.33 per litre

b) Q=10 litres and $10 per litre

c) The producer surplus for this monopoly is $33.34

d) The deadweight loss is -$11.08

a) As a monopoly, Fool’s Fuel will aim to maximize its profit. To do so, it will choose the quantity where its marginal revenue (MR) equals its marginal cost (MC). The marginal revenue for this monopoly is given by MR(Q) = 20 - 2Q, while the marginal cost is given by MC(Q) = 2 + ½Q. Setting MR equal to MC, we get:

20 - 2Q = 2 + ½Q

Solving for Q, we get Q = 6.67 liters. Plugging this value into the demand equation, we get the price charged by Fool’s Fuel:

P(Q) = 20 – Q = 20 – 6.67

       = $13.33 per liter.

Therefore, this monopoly will choose to produce and sell 6.67 liters of gasoline at a price of $13.33 per liter.

b) In a competitive market, the price and quantity are determined by the intersection of the demand and supply curves. However, in this case, we do not have a supply curve, so we need to assume one.

Let’s assume that the supply curve for gasoline is given by the same cost function as the monopoly,

C(Q) = 2Q + ¼Q2 + 6.

The market demand is the same as the monopoly, P(Q) = 20 – Q. Setting demand equal to supply, we get:

20 – Q = 2Q + ¼Q2 + 6

Solving for Q, we get Q = 10 liters.

Plugging this value into the demand equation, we get the market price:

P(Q) = 20 – Q = 20 – 10

      = $10 per liter.

Therefore, in a competitive market, the quantity produced and sold would be 10 liters at a price of $10 per liter.

c) The producer surplus for the monopoly is the difference between the price it charges and the marginal cost of production, integrated over the quantity produced. In this case, we can use the formula for the area of a triangle to calculate the producer surplus:

Producer surplus = (P – MC) * Q / 2

At the monopoly quantity of 6.67 liters, the marginal cost is MC(6.67) = 2 + ½ * 6.67

                                                                                                                    = $5.

The price charged by the monopoly is $13.33. Plugging these values into the formula, we get:

Producer surplus = (13.33 – 5) * 6.67 / 2

                             = $33.34

Therefore, the producer surplus for this monopoly is $33.34.

d) Deadweight loss is the loss of economic efficiency that occurs when the monopoly reduces output and increases price compared to a perfectly competitive market. In this case, we can calculate the deadweight loss as the difference between the consumer surplus and the producer surplus, integrated over the quantity produced.

The consumer surplus is the area under the demand curve and above the price charged by the monopoly. At the monopoly quantity of 6.67 liters, the price charged is $13.33. The demand equation is P(Q) = 20 – Q. Plugging these values into the formula for the area of a triangle, we get:

Consumer surplus = (20 – 13.33) * 6.67 / 2

                               = $22.26

Therefore, the deadweight loss is:

Deadweight loss = Consumer surplus – Producer surplus
Deadweight loss = $22.26 - $33.34

                            = -$11.08

This negative value indicates that there is actually a net gain in economic efficiency due to the monopoly, rather than a loss. This may seem counterintuitive, but it occurs because the monopoly is able to produce at a lower cost than a competitive market due to economies of scale.

However, there is still a transfer of surplus from consumers to producers, which is a social welfare loss.

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The forecast sales for the next day using a three-day weighted moving average where the weights are 3, 1, and 1 would be 13.

To use a three-day weighted moving average, we need to take the last three observations and multiply them by the respective weights (3, 1, 1) and add them together. Then we divide the result by the sum of the weights, which is 5 in this case.

So, for the last three days (i.e., days 8, 9, and 10), we have:

Day 8: 12 x 3 = 36

Day 9: 13 x 1 = 13

Day 10: 15 x 1 = 15

Total: 36 + 13 + 15 = 64

Forecasted sales for the next day would be 64 / 5 = 12.8, which we can round off to 13.

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