Apostrophes, hyphens, dashes, brackets, and parentheses are all marks of punctuation that help us to organize our thoughts, and they can also be used to clarify or emphasize our meaning. Here are some examples of how to use them correctly in sentences: Indonesia - see the map on page 119 - comprises more than 13,500 islands in Southeast Asia, and its population is the world's fourth largest.
(Hyphen)Indonesia, see the map on page 119, comprises more than 13,500 islands in Southeast Asia, and its population is the world's fourth largest. (Comma)Indonesia (see the map on page 119) comprises more than 13,500 islands in Southeast Asia, and its population is the world's fourth largest. (Parentheses)Indonesia - which comprises more than 13,500 islands in Southeast Asia - has a population that is the world's fourth largest. (Dashes)Indonesia's population, which is the world's fourth largest, comprises more than 13,500 islands in Southeast Asia. (Apostrophes)In the first sentence, a hyphen should be used to separate the words "13" and "500", since they are being used together as a single adjective to modify the word "islands".
In addition, the phrase "see the map on page 119" should be set off with dashes or parentheses, since it is an interrupting element in the sentence. In the second sentence, a comma should be used instead of the dashes or parentheses, since the phrase "see the map on page 119" is not an interrupting element in the sentence. In the third sentence, parentheses are used correctly to set off the interrupting phrase. In the fourth sentence, dashes are used to set off a clarifying phrase that explains what is meant by the word "Indonesia".In the fifth sentence, apostrophes are used correctly to show possession.
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